exam 2- muscles

Question 1

tendons

Answer 1

fibrous connective tissues that attaches skeletal mucsles to bone

Question 2

ligaments

Answer 2

fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to where they meet a joint

Question 3

strain

Answer 3

tear or rupture in a tendon, may be accompanied by a freature

Question 4

sprain

Answer 4

tear or rupture of a ligament, may be accompanied by a fracture

Question 5

avulsion

Answer 5

a complete separation of a tendon or ligament from the bone,
may be accompanied by a fracture

Question 6

patho repare chain for traumatic injuries to tendons or ligaments

Answer 6

inflammatory exudate developes between torn ends
repair process- granulation tissue
collagen formation (connective tissue)
vascular fibrous tissue fuses tissues into single mass

Question 7

clinical mani of traumatic injuries to tendons or ligaments

Answer 7

sharp, localized pain and tenderness

soft tissue swelling

Question 8

treatment for traumatic injuries to tendons or ligaments

Answer 8

RICE
heat to increase healing and comfort (72hr post injury)
total healing time is normally 4-6 weeks

Question 9

RICE

Answer 9

rest
ice to decrease swelling (1st 72 hrs)
compression
elevation

Question 10

muscle strains

Answer 10

local muscle damage from sudden, forced motion, causes muscles to be stretched beyond normal capacity

Question 11

etiology of muscle strains

Answer 11

sports injuries, trauma

Question 12

patho of muscle strains

Answer 12

hemorrhage into surrounding tissues and inflammation present

Question 13

clinical mani of muscle strains

Answer 13

pain and bruising

Question 14

treatment for muscle strains

Answer 14

ice
analgesia
rest
healing = 6 weeks

Question 15

myglobinuria (rhabdomyolysis)

Answer 15

life threatening comp of severe muscle trauma

Question 16

etiology of myglobinuria

Answer 16

burns, trauma such as crush, compartment, extreme exertion

Question 17

patho of myglobinuria

Answer 17

increased pressure within muscle fibers, idema, muscle ischemia and muscle infarction

muscle cell damage 9rupture of sarcolemma) releases myoglobin and intracellular proteins

myogblobin is detected in the urine where it is not normally found

Question 18

clinical mani of myglobinuria

Answer 18

dark reddish brown urine

can lead to acute renal failure (intratubular obstruction)

Question 19

treatment of myglobiuria

Answer 19

treat etiology

prevent renal failure : flush kidneys with diuretics and iv fluids

Question 20

duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer 20

genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration due to no production of the protein dystrophin

Question 21

etiology of duchenne MD

Answer 21

an x linked recessive disorder (affects 1/3500 male births

Question 22

patho of duchenne MD

Answer 22

genetic defect caused no production of dystrophin (protein controls Ca for contraction)

decrease of and necrosis of muscle fibers

increase of connective tissue (causing fibrosis)

increase of fat (fatty infiltration which replace muscle fibers (yellowish pink stain)

elevated serum enzymes (muscle cell mem destroyes and enzymes leak out)

Question 23

onset of DMD

Answer 23

3 yoa

Question 24

progression od DMD

Answer 24

rapid lower extremity weakness progresses up to chest and head muscles

Question 25

mani of DMD

Answer 25

waddling
delayed sitting and walking (falls)
shoulder girdle weaknedd 3-5 years after
kyphoscoliosis causes pulm dysfunction
cardiac dysfunction common

Question 26

when do DMD people die

Answer 26

20-30’s due to respiratory and cardiac involvement

Question 27

treatment of DMD

Answer 27

maintain function of unaffected muscle groups
supportive
genetic counseling

Question 28

adult forms of MD

Answer 28

deckers
limb/girdle
facioscapulohumeral
myotonic

Question 29

adult MD are characterized by

Answer 29

later onset
differing patterns of involvement
heredity
rate of progression