exam 2 module 7 - Aerobic Respiration Flashcards
) Cells use energy in food to make ATP
a) ATP is used by cells to do work (ex: active transport, contraction).Cells cannot survive without ATP.
b) power chemical reactions-
ATP is the form of energy that cells are able to use. Cells use the ATP formed during cellular respiration to:
1.Do work, such as active transport or muscle contractions
2. Power chemical reactions
aerobic cellular respiration
requires organisms to acquire O2 (oxygen) and get rid of CO2 (carbon dioxide).
aerobic cellular respiration
a) equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 +6H2O + 36ATP
b) gas exchange - diffusion of O2 and CO2
cellular respiration is an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction
a) oxidized- transfers energized electrons from one molecule to another. as well as loss of electrons from an atom or molecule, releasing energy. The energy released by the oxidized molecule is stored in the electrons.
b) reduced- gain of electrons by an atom or molecule, which requires energy. The reduced molecule gains the energy stored in the electrons.
three main processes of cellular respiration
a) glycolysis
b) Krebs cycle
c) electron transport chain
mitochondria
A mitochondrion is bounded by two membranes: an outer membrane and inner membrane. a) outer membrane and b) inner membrane
c) intermembrane compartment-area between the two membranes
d) mitochondrial matrix- the fluid enclosed within the inner membrane. The mitochondrial matrix is the site of the transition step and the Krebs cycle.
glycolysis
a) location – cytoplasm
b) does not need oxygen
c) input – glucose, 2NAD++ 2H+, 2ADP + 2P
d) output – 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP
e) ATP is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
transition step (Pyruvate is oxidized to Acetyl CoA.)
a) location – mitochondrial matrix
b) input – 2 pyruvate, 2NAD+
+ 2H+
c) output – 2 acetyl CoA, 2 CO2, 2 NADH
Krebs cycle
a) location – mitochondrial matrix
b) input – 2 acetyl CoA, 2ADP + 2P, 6NAD++ 6H+, 2FAD + 4H+
c) output – 4 CO2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
a) location – inner mitochondrial membrane
b) Describe 4 steps outlined in figure 6.7.
chemiosmotic phosphorylation
protons move down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase back into the mitochondrial matrix.
a) ATP synthase
Other food molecules enter energy-extraction pathways
(energy sources for the cell.)
a) polysaccharides (starch and glycogen)
b) fats
c) proteins
Energy yield of respiration (figure 6.8)
pg 14
