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Psychology 251 > Exam 2: Modern Ego Psychology > Flashcards

Exam 2: Modern Ego Psychology Flashcards

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0
Q

Ego Autonomy

A

Hartman’s theory that the Ego does not grow out of the Id, but rather from a common matrix. The ego serves to fulfill the Primary and Secondary Apparatuses

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1
Q

Id-Ego Matrix

A

Hartman’s theory that the Ego must have its own source of energy. Built upon Freud’s theory by fixing his belief that the Ego barrows energy from the Id, as the Ego couldn’t logically use the Id’s own energy to conflict with itself

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2
Q

Primary Apparatuses

A

Phylogenic stuff that we are born with preprogrammed into our brains, such as needs and perceptions

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3
Q

Secondary Apparatuses

A

The rationalizer which helps us to adapt to the environment and cope with demands from your surroundings

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4
Q

Mental Equilibrium

A

The hallmark of a healthy mind, when the Id Ego and Superego are all in balance with each other

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5
Q

Conflict free Funtioning

A

A needed prerequisite for children to be able to grow and attain secondary autonomy (being able to adapt to their environment)

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6
Q

Departure from Freudian conflict Theory

A

Hartmann’s idea that the Ego must have its own source of energy to engage in TRUE conflict with the id, not merely borrow energy from it.

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7
Q

Average expectable environment

A

Related to the Goodness-of-fit model; children and their parent(s) must have a successful relationship for the child to attain adequate mental health

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8
Q

Goodness-of-Fit Model

A

The compatibility of a child’s temperament and their home environment makes up the GoF Model. When there is an alignment of the demands and expectations of the environment and the child’s temperament and abilities the child there is a good fit

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9
Q

4 Regulatory Processes

A
  1. Equilibrium between the environment and individual
  2. Equilibrium of instinctual drives (id/Ego)
  3. Structural equilibrium of mental components
  4. Allows for the ego to go from primary to secondary autonomy
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10
Q

Heinz Hartmann

A

One of the founders of ego psychology who stressed the importance of social factors in development, influencing the object relations theory and separation/individuation

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11
Q

Anna Freud

A

Ego psychology focusing on children and developmental problems and fixations. Also keen on understanding psychological defenses

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12
Q

10 defenses associated with Adult neuroses

A

Repression, regression, reaction-formation, isolation, undoing, projection, introjection, turning against self, reversal, sublimination

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13
Q

Psychosexual Development and Defense Mechanisms

A

Oral: denial, projection, turning against self, regression
Anal: reaction formation, isolation, undoing
Phallic: repression
Latency & Genital: sublimation

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14
Q

Infantile Cast

A

When Defense mechanisms from earlier phases of development persist throughout later ones (like “hey batter-batter-batter swing!” as an adult) and become an issue

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15
Q

Defenses and Pathology

A

Defenses are not pathological, they merely serve to maintain normal psychological well-being

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16
Q

Narcissistic Defenses

A

Used by children and psychotics

1-Projection
2-Denial
3-Distortion

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17
Q

Immature defenses

A

Used by adolescents and people with depression and obsessive compulsive disorder

Acting out Blocking
Hypochondriasis Introjection
Passive-Aggressive Behavior Projection
Regression Schizoid Fantasy
Somatization Turning against self

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18
Q

Neurotic Defenses

A

Used by adults under stress, people with OCD, and hysterics

Controlling Displacement
Dissociation Inhibition
Intellectualization Isolation
Rationalization Reaction Formation
Repression Sexualization
Undoing

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19
Q

Mature Defenses

A

Used by normal adults

Altruism Anticipation
Asceticism Humor
Sublimation Suppression

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20
Q

Real v. Neurotic Anxiety

A

Real anxiety is fear of real world events of things

Neurotic anxiety is fear the one will lose control of their impulses (id), resulting in punishment

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21
Q

Character disorders

A

Disorders created when defenses are successful and a person becomes rigid

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22
Q

Neurotic Symptoms and Failure of Repressions

A

If defenses fail then unconscious material emerges into awareness

23
Q

Therapy with children

A
  1. Preparatory Stage-hard for some kids to just come in and talk
  2. Don’t over analyze kids
  3. Different Treatment Goals than with adults (look for hidden meanings, not transference based, teach coping)
  4. Therapist as a very special type of teacher
24
Q

Margaret Mahler

A

Known primarily for her contributions to object relations and separation-individuation, believed ego’s ability to be successful(act normally in society)was largely molded by the environment you grew up in

25
Q

Separation-individuation

A

Separation-child’s emergence for me symbiotic fusion with their mother

Individuation-achievement point what marks a child’s assumption of his or her own identity

26
Q

Pyramid of Development

A

Robert Brooks’ idea that children learn resiliency through charismatic adults, and develop by acquiring skills which become building blocks for further development

Behavior modification (bottom)-insight-relationships-natural consequences-accountability (top)

27
Q

Dual Processes

A

The complimentary processes of separation and individuation

28
Q

Normal Autism

A

First stage of the S-I process (birth-4 weeks) where babies lack differentiation between themselves and others, and interact with the world reflexively, and emotional states are liable to constantly shift

29
Q

Normal Symbiosis

A

Second stage of the S-I process (4 weeks-5 months) where babies begins to recognize the other, social smiling begins, begins to understand what is/n’t pleasant

30
Q

Hatching

A

First step of the Third stage of the S-I process (4 months-10 months) when the infant begins exploring the caretaker and environment, start to be interested in others, and at ~6 months infants learn object permanence

31
Q

Practicing

A

Second step of the Third stage of the S-I process (10 months-16 months) when the baby enjoys it’s first taste of autonomy as it begins to be able to crawl and walk

32
Q

Rapprochement

A

The third step of the Third stage of the S-I process (16 months-24 months) when children become aware that mobility leads to separation from he mother (terrible twos). Learn about separation from others. Parents must be constantly available but not too intrusive

33
Q

Consolidation

A

Fourth and final stage of the S-I process (24 months-36 months) where the child becomes comfortable leaving the mother and thus the egos are free to separate

34
Q

Key ingredients for healthy development

A

Kohut’s theory that for development children need:

  1. Empathy “I get your perspective” from parents
  2. mirroring (validating your kid)
  3. Idealizing (adults to look up to)

Leads to development of self and self object

35
Q

Cueing

A

Looking to parents for nonverbal approval (such as accepting candy from a stranger)

36
Q

Refueling

A

When a child returns to their parent after exploring

37
Q

Heinz Kohut

A

“Mr. Psychoanalysis” who questioned Freud’s Oedipal conflicts, introduced concept of Tragic man, self-other continuum, and redefined autonomy. Also labeled narcissism as a developmental disturbance

38
Q

Self Psychology

A

Psychologists who emphasize empathy and the idea that psychopathology is explained by unmet or disturbed developmental processes

39
Q

Departure from Freudian Conflict Theory

A

The guilty man v. the tragic man

Freudian conflict emphasized guilt whereas Kohut believed development could be derailed by a great tragedy

40
Q

Empathy

A

Being able to place yourself in another persons shoes and see their perspective

41
Q

Empathic Failure

A

Disappointments, let downs, and other such breaches of trust from your parents.

42
Q

Self Object

A

Particular people or objects that we contain as part of ourselves in our memories; they arouse feel is of happiness when thought of

Best friends are the best self objects

43
Q

Self

A

The greatest structure of our mind that holds everything

44
Q

Mirroring

A

The validation and acknowledgement we receive from others

45
Q

Idealizing

A

The idea that children need figures to look up to

46
Q

Idealizing transference

A

When a person is still looking for a person to look up to

47
Q

Mirroring Transference

A

When a person is constantly seeking for validation and reinforcement from others since they never received it from their caretakers

48
Q

Transmuting Internalization

A

Self soothing that occurs when you have adequate amounts of good self objects

What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger

49
Q

Narcissism as developmental & as a disturbance

A

Narcissism in kids is developmental and becomes empathy, but narcissism in adults is considered a disturbance

50
Q

Guilty Man vs Tragic Man

A

Freud believed that we are constantly striving to reduce the sense of guilt we receive from fulfilling the id

Kohut argued that great tragedy can also cause developmental problems

51
Q

2 Poles of the Self

A

Grandiose self: the ability to do, driven by ambition. Requires successful mirroring

Idealized parental image: the ability to be, how to shape the environment to attain happiness

52
Q

Introjection of Loved Ones

A

Internalizing a random object or person in order to feel close to it at all times (children internalizing parents who work)

53
Q

Introjection of Feared Objects

A

Internalizing the aggressive characteristics of something to avoid anxiety (if you can’t beat them, join them)

54
Q

Narcissistic Defenses

A

All mechanisms are targeted at that undermining the person’s self esteem

Unconscious repression (noodle…incident?), conscious denial (I wasn’t part of it), projection (Calvin’s to blame, not me), and recruiting codependent friends (grandma! Tell my story to others and spread he misinformation)

55
Q

Locus of Control

A

Internal LOC: attribution of success/failure to yourself, ie passed he test bc you studied hard

External LOC: attributing success/failure to others, ie passed the test because it was easy

Psychology 251 (2 decks)

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