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Psychology 251 > Exam 2: Modern Ego Psychology > Flashcards

Exam 2: Modern Ego Psychology Flashcards

0
Q

Ego Autonomy

A

Hartman’s theory that the Ego does not grow out of the Id, but rather from a common matrix. The ego serves to fulfill the Primary and Secondary Apparatuses

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1
Q

Id-Ego Matrix

A

Hartman’s theory that the Ego must have its own source of energy. Built upon Freud’s theory by fixing his belief that the Ego barrows energy from the Id, as the Ego couldn’t logically use the Id’s own energy to conflict with itself

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2
Q

Primary Apparatuses

A

Phylogenic stuff that we are born with preprogrammed into our brains, such as needs and perceptions

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3
Q

Secondary Apparatuses

A

The rationalizer which helps us to adapt to the environment and cope with demands from your surroundings

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4
Q

Mental Equilibrium

A

The hallmark of a healthy mind, when the Id Ego and Superego are all in balance with each other

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5
Q

Conflict free Funtioning

A

A needed prerequisite for children to be able to grow and attain secondary autonomy (being able to adapt to their environment)

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6
Q

Departure from Freudian conflict Theory

A

Hartmann’s idea that the Ego must have its own source of energy to engage in TRUE conflict with the id, not merely borrow energy from it.

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7
Q

Average expectable environment

A

Related to the Goodness-of-fit model; children and their parent(s) must have a successful relationship for the child to attain adequate mental health

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8
Q

Goodness-of-Fit Model

A

The compatibility of a child’s temperament and their home environment makes up the GoF Model. When there is an alignment of the demands and expectations of the environment and the child’s temperament and abilities the child there is a good fit

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9
Q

4 Regulatory Processes

A
  1. Equilibrium between the environment and individual
  2. Equilibrium of instinctual drives (id/Ego)
  3. Structural equilibrium of mental components
  4. Allows for the ego to go from primary to secondary autonomy
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10
Q

Heinz Hartmann

A

One of the founders of ego psychology who stressed the importance of social factors in development, influencing the object relations theory and separation/individuation

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11
Q

Anna Freud

A

Ego psychology focusing on children and developmental problems and fixations. Also keen on understanding psychological defenses

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12
Q

10 defenses associated with Adult neuroses

A

Repression, regression, reaction-formation, isolation, undoing, projection, introjection, turning against self, reversal, sublimination

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13
Q

Psychosexual Development and Defense Mechanisms

A

Oral: denial, projection, turning against self, regression
Anal: reaction formation, isolation, undoing
Phallic: repression
Latency & Genital: sublimation

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14
Q

Infantile Cast

A

When Defense mechanisms from earlier phases of development persist throughout later ones (like “hey batter-batter-batter swing!” as an adult) and become an issue

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15
Q

Defenses and Pathology

A

Defenses are not pathological, they merely serve to maintain normal psychological well-being

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16
Q

Narcissistic Defenses

A

Used by children and psychotics

1-Projection
2-Denial
3-Distortion

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17
Q

Immature defenses

A

Used by adolescents and people with depression and obsessive compulsive disorder

Acting out Blocking
Hypochondriasis Introjection
Passive-Aggressive Behavior Projection
Regression Schizoid Fantasy
Somatization Turning against self

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18
Q

Neurotic Defenses

A

Used by adults under stress, people with OCD, and hysterics

Controlling Displacement
Dissociation Inhibition
Intellectualization Isolation
Rationalization Reaction Formation
Repression Sexualization
Undoing

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19
Q

Mature Defenses

A

Used by normal adults

Altruism Anticipation
Asceticism Humor
Sublimation Suppression

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20
Q

Real v. Neurotic Anxiety

A

Real anxiety is fear of real world events of things

Neurotic anxiety is fear the one will lose control of their impulses (id), resulting in punishment

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21
Q

Character disorders

A

Disorders created when defenses are successful and a person becomes rigid

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22
Q

Neurotic Symptoms and Failure of Repressions

A

If defenses fail then unconscious material emerges into awareness

23
Q

Therapy with children

A
  1. Preparatory Stage-hard for some kids to just come in and talk
  2. Don’t over analyze kids
  3. Different Treatment Goals than with adults (look for hidden meanings, not transference based, teach coping)
  4. Therapist as a very special type of teacher
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Margaret Mahler
Known primarily for her contributions to object relations and separation-individuation, believed ego's ability to be successful(act normally in society)was largely molded by the environment you grew up in
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Separation-individuation
Separation-child's emergence for me symbiotic fusion with their mother Individuation-achievement point what marks a child's assumption of his or her own identity
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Pyramid of Development
Robert Brooks' idea that children learn resiliency through charismatic adults, and develop by acquiring skills which become building blocks for further development Behavior modification (bottom)-insight-relationships-natural consequences-accountability (top)
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Dual Processes
The complimentary processes of separation and individuation
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Normal Autism
First stage of the S-I process (birth-4 weeks) where babies lack differentiation between themselves and others, and interact with the world reflexively, and emotional states are liable to constantly shift
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Normal Symbiosis
Second stage of the S-I process (4 weeks-5 months) where babies begins to recognize the other, social smiling begins, begins to understand what is/n't pleasant
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Hatching
First step of the Third stage of the S-I process (4 months-10 months) when the infant begins exploring the caretaker and environment, start to be interested in others, and at ~6 months infants learn object permanence
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Practicing
Second step of the Third stage of the S-I process (10 months-16 months) when the baby enjoys it's first taste of autonomy as it begins to be able to crawl and walk
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Rapprochement
The third step of the Third stage of the S-I process (16 months-24 months) when children become aware that mobility leads to separation from he mother (terrible twos). Learn about separation from others. Parents must be constantly available but not too intrusive
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Consolidation
Fourth and final stage of the S-I process (24 months-36 months) where the child becomes comfortable leaving the mother and thus the egos are free to separate
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Key ingredients for healthy development
Kohut's theory that for development children need: 1. Empathy "I get your perspective" from parents 2. mirroring (validating your kid) 3. Idealizing (adults to look up to) Leads to development of self and self object
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Cueing
Looking to parents for nonverbal approval (such as accepting candy from a stranger)
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Refueling
When a child returns to their parent after exploring
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Heinz Kohut
"Mr. Psychoanalysis" who questioned Freud's Oedipal conflicts, introduced concept of Tragic man, self-other continuum, and redefined autonomy. Also labeled narcissism as a developmental disturbance
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Self Psychology
Psychologists who emphasize empathy and the idea that psychopathology is explained by unmet or disturbed developmental processes
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Departure from Freudian Conflict Theory
The guilty man v. the tragic man Freudian conflict emphasized guilt whereas Kohut believed development could be derailed by a great tragedy
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Empathy
Being able to place yourself in another persons shoes and see their perspective
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Empathic Failure
Disappointments, let downs, and other such breaches of trust from your parents.
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Self Object
Particular people or objects that we contain as part of ourselves in our memories; they arouse feel is of happiness when thought of Best friends are the best self objects
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Self
The greatest structure of our mind that holds everything
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Mirroring
The validation and acknowledgement we receive from others
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Idealizing
The idea that children need figures to look up to
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Idealizing transference
When a person is still looking for a person to look up to
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Mirroring Transference
When a person is constantly seeking for validation and reinforcement from others since they never received it from their caretakers
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Transmuting Internalization
Self soothing that occurs when you have adequate amounts of good self objects What doesn't kill you makes you stronger
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Narcissism as developmental & as a disturbance
Narcissism in kids is developmental and becomes empathy, but narcissism in adults is considered a disturbance
50
Guilty Man vs Tragic Man
Freud believed that we are constantly striving to reduce the sense of guilt we receive from fulfilling the id Kohut argued that great tragedy can also cause developmental problems
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2 Poles of the Self
Grandiose self: the ability to do, driven by ambition. Requires successful mirroring Idealized parental image: the ability to be, how to shape the environment to attain happiness
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Introjection of Loved Ones
Internalizing a random object or person in order to feel close to it at all times (children internalizing parents who work)
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Introjection of Feared Objects
Internalizing the aggressive characteristics of something to avoid anxiety (if you can't beat them, join them)
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Narcissistic Defenses
All mechanisms are targeted at that undermining the person's self esteem Unconscious repression (noodle...incident?), conscious denial (I wasn't part of it), projection (Calvin's to blame, not me), and recruiting codependent friends (grandma! Tell my story to others and spread he misinformation)
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Locus of Control
Internal LOC: attribution of success/failure to yourself, ie passed he test bc you studied hard External LOC: attributing success/failure to others, ie passed the test because it was easy

Psychology 251 (2 decks)

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