exam 2 (mod 8)

Question 1

What is bioenergetics?

Answer 1

• Energy in food comes from macronutrients
• Used to synthesize ATP
  - High energy phosphate that can store and release energy
• Energy for muscle contraction is provided directly by ATP

Question 2

1 calorie (cal) —-> Joules

Answer 2

4.184 Joules

Question 3

1 Kilocalorie (kcal) —-> calories

Answer 3

1,000 calories

Question 4

1 kilocalorie = —–> joules

Answer 4

4,184 joules

Question 5

1 Calorie (C) = —-> calories

Answer 5

1,000 calories

Question 6

1 Calorie = —-> joules

Answer 6

4,184 joules

Question 7

1 kilojoule (kJ) = —-> joules

Answer 7

1,000 joules

Question 8

1 kilocalorie = —-> kilojoules

Answer 8

4.184 kilojoules

Question 9

Carbohydrate Energy Content in Food

Answer 9

4.2 Bomb calorimeter (kcal/g) and human calorimeter (kcal/g)

Question 10

Fats Energy Content in Food

Answer 10

9.4 Bomb calorimeter (kcal/g) and human calorimeter (kcal/g)

Question 11

Proteins Energy Content in Food

Answer 11

5.7 Bomb calorimeter (kcal/g) and 4.2 human calorimeter (kcal/g)

Question 12

Alcohol Energy Content in Food

Answer 12

7. 0 Bomb calorimeter (kcal/g) and human calorimeter (kcal/g)

Question 13

How to measure energy expended

Answer 13

• Direct calorimetry
• Indirect calorimetry
  
  • Oxygen consumption (VO2)
  • Carbon dioxide consumption (VCO2)

Question 14

What is Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)?

Answer 14

• Energy that an individual’s body consumes while in complete rest to maintain essential bodily functions
• Essential component in estimating an individual’s total daily energy expenditure
• Expressed in calories per day or kilocalories per day (kcal/day)
• Prediction equations can estimate RMR when direct/indirect calorimetry is not available

Question 15

Energy Balance Equation

Answer 15

Food in = input —–> Working out = output

Question 16

Estimating Energy Intake

Answer 16

• Self-reported food intake
• Importance of accuracy
• Common sources of errors
  - Recording all food and beverages
  - Underreporting food intake
  - Underestimating portion size

Question 17

Types of assessment of energy and dietary intake

Answer 17

• Food Records or Food Diaries
• Dietary recall (24-hour recall)
  − Multiple pass method
• Food frequency questionnaires
• Diet history

Question 18

Components of Energy Expenditure

Answer 18

• Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)
  - Physical activity is the changing one

Question 19

Total Energy Expenditure Equation

Answer 19

Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) = Basal
Metabolic Rate (BMR) + Thermic Effect
of Food (TEF

Question 20

What is the impact of Physical Activity

Answer 20

The thing that is constantly changing and is the most variable

Question 21

What is Basal

Answer 21

The energy body needs to sustain normal physiological processes and life

Question 22

What are food records, diaries, and logs

Answer 22

Record everything for 3-7 days including how things are cooked and specific brands

Question 23

What is a Dietary Recall (24 hour recall)

Answer 23

Also called the multiple-pass method, collects a detailed and accurate ( rough list over 24 hours with exact times) Very detailed: Portion sizes, cooked, etc.

Question 24

Food Frequency questionnaires

Answer 24

Answers questions about how often they consume foods over previous months

Question 25

Diet History

Answer 25

Exercise and diet intake

Question 26

Mifflin-St. Jeor Equation

Answer 26

Men: RMR (kcal/day)= (9.99 x wt) + (6.25 x ht) - (4.92 x age) +5
Women: RMR (kcal/day)= (9.99 x wt) + (6.25 x ht) - (4.92 x age) - 161

Question 27

Cunningham Equation

Answer 27

RMR= 500 + 22 (FFM)

FFM= Fat free mass

Question 28

When is the Cunningham Equation vs Mifflin-St. Jeor Equation used

Answer 28

Mifflin-St. Jeor Equation when FFM is not used

Question 29

2.2 lb = x Kg

Answer 29

1 kg

Question 30

1 inch = x cm

Answer 30

2.54 cm