Exam 2 - Medchem 753, CVD Succhy Flashcards
Define Cardiac Output
Stroke Volume x HR = CO
Blood Pressure Equation
CO x Vascular Resistance = BP
What Risk factors exist for CVD?
Smoking Weight Alcohol FH Estrogen Therapy Age Diet Stress Meds Activity level Comorbidities
What other disease states can exacerbate CVD?
HTN, HLD, CHF, DM, etc
What medications may exacerbate CVD?
Drugs that prolong QT interval
NSAIDS
Etc.
What classes of meds are used for HTN?
Beta Blockers Alpha 1 adrenergic blocker Alpha 2 agonists Vasodilators ACE inhibitors ARBs Diuretics
What classes of drugs are used for Hyperlipidemia?
Bile acid Sequestrants Statins Nicotinic Acids Fribic acid inhibitors Cholesterol absorption blockers
What medications are used to treat Arrhythmia?
Na channel blockers
Beta Blockers
K channel Blockers
Ca channel Blockers
What medications are commonly given to Heart Failure patients
ACE inhibitors ARBs Diuretics Beta Blockers CCBs Aldosterone Antags Digoxin Vasodilators Inotropics
What medications are commonly given to Cardiac Arrest Patients?
Sympathomimetics
Anti-arrhythmics
Magnesium
What medications are commonly prescribed for Acute Coronary Syndrome?
Aspirin Anti-platelet Oxygen Morphine Nitroglycerin Fibrinolytics GP IIb/IIa inhibitors Anticoags Beta Blockers
What Medications are used for Ischemic Heart Disease?
BBs
CCBs
Nitrates
What medications are commonly used for Stroke treatment?
Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Aspirin
What medications are commonly used for Peripheral Artery Disease?
Anti-platelet
Cilostazol
Pentoxifylline
What is the effect of alpha 1 adrenergics on g cell?
(Gaq)
increase phospholipase C
Increase IP3, DAG and Ca
What is the effect of alpha 1 adrenergics on blood vessels in dermal, GI, bladder and nasal membranes?
constriction of smooth muscle
What are the primary effects of Alpha 1 adrenergics on the eye, bladder and GI sphincters
constriction (inc peripheral resistance and inc diastolic BP), Eye Mydriasis, constipation (dec outflow)
What is the effect of alpha 2 adrenerigcs on g cell?
(Gai)
Dec Adenyl Cyclase
Inc K channels
Dec cAMP
Where are the effect of alpha 2 adrenergics often seen?
Eye Pancreatic Islets Presynaptic Nerve terminals CNS Spinal Cord Nasal Vasculature
What are the primary effects of alpha 2 adrenergics on eye, islets, nerve terminals, CNS and nasal vasculature?
Dec prod of aq humor Dec insulin release (Inc blood glucose) Dec NT release Dec BP, inhibit Baroreflex Inhibit pain constriction
What is the effect of Beta 1 on g cell?
(Gas)
Inc Adenyl Cyclase
Inc cAMP
Inc Ca
Where are the effects of Beta 1 often seen?
Heart
Kidney
Eye
What are the primary effects of B2 on Heart, Kidney and Eye?
Inc HR, Contractility and Force of contraction (Inc CO)
Inc Renin Secretion (Vasoconstriction)
Inc production of aqueous humor
What are the effects of Beta 2 on g cell?
(Gas)
Inc Adenyl Cyclase
Inc cAMP
Inc Ca
Where are effects of Beta 2 often seen?
Hepatic/Skeletal muscle; vascular smooth muscle Pulmonary Smooth Muscle GI longitudinal smooth muscle Bladder detrusor muscle Pregnant uterus Mast Cells Pancreas Liver Eye
What are the primary effects of Beta 2 on the:
- Hepatic/Skeletal muscle, vascular smooth muscle
- Pulmonary smooth muscle
- GI longitudinal smooth muscle
- Bladder Detrusor muscle
- Myometrium
- Mast cells
- Pancreas
- Liver
- Eye
- Relaxation, Inc blood flow, inc. gluycogenolysis, inc. K intake
- Relaxation, inc Blood Glucose
- Relaxation, dec motility
- Relaxation, dec outflow
- Relaxation
- Dec Degranulation (inhibition of histamine release)
- Inc Glucagon secretion
- Glycogenolysis, Inc Blood Glucose
- Inc production of aq humor
