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meteorology > Exam 2 (Lessons 4-6) > Flashcards

Exam 2 (Lessons 4-6) Flashcards

1
Q

How is temperature and kinetic energy related?

A

They are directly related. As one increases so does the other

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2
Q

Energy is always transferred from ____ objets to ____ objects.

A

warmer…colder

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3
Q

What is heat?

A

Energy in transit

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4
Q

What is the melting point of ice in degrees Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin?

A

0 degrees Celsius
32 degrees Fahrenheit
273.12 Kelvin

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5
Q

What is the boiling point of water in degrees Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin?

A

100 degrees Celsius
212 degrees Fahrenheit
373.15 Kelvin

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6
Q

What is absolute zero?

A

The temperature at which all molecular motion stops

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7
Q

At what temperatures does absolute zero occur?

A

-459.67 degrees Fahrenheit
-273.15 degrees Celsius
0 Kelvin

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8
Q

What are the 4 types of heat transfer?

A

Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Latent Heat (Phase change in water)

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9
Q

When does Radiational Heating occur?

A

When absorption is at greater rate than emission

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10
Q

When does Radiational Cooling occur?

A

When emission is at a greater rate than absorption

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11
Q

What is Radiative Equilibrium?

A

When absorption and emission of radiation are equal

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12
Q

What is conduction?

A

It is the transfer of kinetic energy between atoms or molecules due to collisions with other atoms or molecules

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13
Q

What is convection?

A

It is the transport of heat within a fluid due to motion of the fluid itself

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14
Q

What is sensible heating?

A

It is the energy needed in order to change temperature without a phase change; a combination of conduction and convection

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15
Q

What is a phase change?

A

When water changes from one state (phase) to another

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16
Q

What is latent heat

A

It is the amount of heat needed in order for water to have a phase change

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17
Q

What are the phase changes of water that absorb latent heat from the environment?

A

Melting (solid to liquid), Evaporation (liquid to vapor), and Sublimation (solid to vapor)

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18
Q

What are the phase changes of water that releases latent heat into the environment?

A

Condensation (vapor to liquid), Freezing (liquid to solid), and Deposition (vapor to solid)

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19
Q

Water has a ____ thermal inertia than land.

A

Higher

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20
Q

What is thermal inertia?

A

It is a substances resistance to a change in temperature

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21
Q

What is specific heat?

A

The amount of heat needed to raise a gram of a substance 1 degree celsius

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22
Q

Why does the atmosphere circulate?

A

As a response to temperature gradients

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23
Q

Air moves from ____ pressure areas to ____ pressure areas.

A

High…Low

24
Q

Define Air Pressure

A

The weight of overlying air on a unit area

25
Q

What is Dalton’s Law?

A

The total pressure that a mixture of gasses exerts is equal to the sum of the pressures that each constituent gas exerts

26
Q

What is the worldwide unit for air pressure?

A

Pascal

27
Q

What is the US unit for air pressure?

A

Millibar

28
Q

What is the sea-level air pressure in pascals?

A

101,325 Pa

29
Q

How is altitude and air pressure related?

A

They are inversely related. As one increases the other decreases and vice versa

30
Q

What factors impact density and air pressure?

A 
Altitude
Temperature
Humidity
Cold/Warm air advection
Convergence/Divergence of winds
31
Q

What has the biggest impact on air pressure?

A

Temperature

32
Q

How is temperature and air pressure related?

A

They are inversely related. As one increases the other decreases and vice versa.

33
Q

What is the 500 mb surface?

A

It represents the point in the atmosphere where half the atmosphere is below and half is above, by mass

34
Q

How is humidity and air pressure related?

A

They are inversely related. As one increases the other decreases and vice versa

35
Q

How is temperature and density related?

A

They are inversely related. As one increases the other decreases and vice versa

36
Q

How is humidity and density related?

A

They are inversely related. As one increases the other decreases and vice versa

37
Q

How does air pressure impact weather conditions?

A

When air pressure falls the weather becomes stormy, but when air pressure rises the weather becomes clear/remains fair

38
Q

How does converging/diverging winds impact air pressure?

A

If more air diverges at the surface, air density and surface air pressure decrease and a low pressure system forms
If more air converges at the surface, air density and surface air pressure increase and a high pressure system forms

39
Q

Air ____ from H and ____ on L

A

Diverges…Converges

40
Q

What is Charles’ Law?

A

When pressure is held constant, the absolute temperature (in Kelvin) is inversely proportional to the density of the gas, in an ideal gas

41
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

When temperature remains constant, the pressure and density air directly proportional in an ideal gas

42
Q

What is the Ideal Gas Law?

A

The pressure that air exerts is directly proportional to the product of its density and temperature

43
Q

When does expansional cooling occur? What happens during expansional cooling?

A

Occurs when an air parcel rises. It will expand and temperature and pressure will decrease

44
Q

When does compressional warming occur? What happens during compressional warming?

A

Occurs when an air parcel decreases. It will compress and temperature and pressure will increase

45
Q

Net gain of water mass on ____; net loss from the ____

A

Land…Ocean

46
Q

What does humidity describe?

A

The amount of water vapor in the air

47
Q

What factors impact relative humidity?

A 
Temperature
Vapor pressure (Mixing ratio) as long as temperature and pressure remain constant
48
Q

How is humidity and temperature related?

A

They are inversely related

49
Q

Stable air ____ vertical motion while unstable air ____ vertical motion.

A

Inhibits…Enhances

50
Q

What causes sounding (and air stability) to change?

A

Local radiational heating or cooling
Air mass advection
Large-scale ascent or descent of air

51
Q

When does absolute instability occur?

A

When the air temperature is dropping more rapidly with altitude than the dry adiabatic lapse rate (9.8 degrees Celsius/1000 m)

52
Q

When does conditional instability occur?

A

When air temperature is dropping more rapidly with altitude than the moist adiabatic lapse rate (6 degrees Celsius/1000 m), but less rapidly than the dry adiabatic lapse rate

When the air layer is stable for unsaturated air parcels and unstable for saturated air parcels

53
Q

When does absolute stability occur?

A

When the air layer is stable for both unsaturated and saturated air parcels

Temperature of ambient air drops more slowly with altitude than moist adiabatic lapse rate

Temperature does not change with altitude (isothermal)

Temperature increase with altitude (inversion)

54
Q

When do neutral air layers occur?

A

When sounding coincides with either the moist or dry adiabatic lapse rate

Rising or descending parcel has same temperature (and density) as its surroundings

55
Q

When does air rise?

A

As the ascending branch of a convection current

Along the surface of a front

Up the slopes of a hill or mountain

Where surface winds converge

56
Q

What is the rain shadow effect?

A

Air rises on the windward side of the mountain, expanding and cooling which increases the relative humidity and saturation occurs. Air descend on the leeward side of the mountain, compressing and warming which decreases the relative humidity causing precipitation to be less likely

meteorology (3 decks)

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