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Gross Anatomy > Exam 2 Lectures > Flashcards

Exam 2 Lectures Flashcards

1
Q

Four actions at the elbow joint

A

Flexion, extension, pronation, supination

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2
Q

Position of elbow and arm in anatomical position

A

Elbow - extended; forearm - supinated

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3
Q

What are the bones that make up the elbow joint

A

Distal humerus and proximal radius and ulna

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4
Q

What runs between the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the olecranon process of the ulna

A

Ulnar nerve

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5
Q

The head of the radius articulates with what

A

radial notch on the ulna

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6
Q

Medial epicondyle is for

A

flexors and ulnar nerve

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7
Q

Lateral epicondyle is for

A

extensors and anconeus

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8
Q

Ulnar is larger more…. radius is larger more….

A

proximally; distally

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9
Q

Position of radius and ulna in supination

A

Side by side

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10
Q

Position of radius and ulna in pronation

A

radius rotates over the ulna

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11
Q

Muscles must attach to what to be involved in pronation

A

Radius

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12
Q

What does the biceps brachii insert on

A

radial tuberosity

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13
Q

Flexion in the supinated position

A

biceps brachii

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14
Q

Flexion in the pronated position

A

Brachialis

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15
Q

Carrying angle

A

lateral deviation of the forearm (looking at the angle relative to the humerus)

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16
Q

Carrying angle in men and women

A

Men: 5-10 degrees; Women 10-15 degrees

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17
Q

When you can assume a fracture that didn’t heal properly when looking at the carrying angle

A

If the forearm is medially deviated

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18
Q

ROM for elbow flexion - actively and passively

A

Passively: 150-160 (bc your muscles aren’t contracted and aren’t getting in the way of flexing)
Actively (or in supination): 90

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19
Q

Articulations at elbow joint

A 
Humeroulnar joint (uniaxial hinge)
Humeroradial joint (uniaxial hinge)
Radioulnar joint (uniaxial pivot)
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20
Q

What surrounds the articulations at the elbow joint

A

Articular cartilage, fat pads, synovial membrane, Joint capsule

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21
Q

Joint capsule around elbow joint:

A

Fibers run in all directions; weak anteriorly and posteriorly

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22
Q

Ligaments around elbow joint

A

Annular ligament; radial collateral ligament; ulnar collateral ligament

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23
Q

Location of Radial (lateral) collateral ligament

A

Spans from lateral epicondyle - blends with annular ligament

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24
Q

Location of Ulnar(medial collateral ligament)

A

Spans from medial epicondyle - coronoid process and olecranon of ulna

25
Q

Three parts of ulnar collateral ligament

A

Anterior band - taut in extension
Posterior band - taut in flexion
Oblique band - deepen the trochlear notch

26
Q

Damage to radial and ulnar collateral ligaments

A
  • Laxity over lateral epicondyle could mean injury to radial collateral ligament
  • More common injury is to ulnar collateral ligament (even though stronger) - corrected by Tommy John’s surgery
27
Q

Oblique cord

A

ligament that connects the radius and ulna (ulnar tuberosity to below radial tuberosity)

28
Q

Annular ligament

A
  • Surrounds 7/8 of radial head
  • Act as a joint surface (bc of articular cartilage lining the ligament)
  • Helps with pronation and supination
  • Fracture to radial head could cause callousness and get in the way of the annular ligament working
29
Q

Interosseus membrane

A

Fibrous- syndesmosis (Help prevent proximal displacement of radius over ulna)

30
Q

Elbow is fairly stable in

A

extension (bc olecranon is locked in olecranon fossa)

31
Q

What kind of stress does radial collateral ligament protect against

A

Varus stress (stress from medial side or adduction)

32
Q

What kind of stress does ulnar collateral ligament protect against

A

Valgus stress (from lateral side or abduction)

33
Q

Main blood supply to the arm

A

Brachial artery

34
Q

Significance of brachial artery

A

Used for blood pressure

35
Q

Veins

A

Superficial branches - cephalic and basilic; Deep branch - brachial

36
Q

Boundaries and contents of the cubital fossa

A

Medially - pronator teres; laterally - brachioradialis; Superiorly - imaginary line from medial and lateral epicondyles; floor - supinator and brachialis; roof - brachial and antebrachial fascia

Contents:
Radial nerve
Biceps tendon
Brachial Artery
Median Nerve 
Medial and lateral cutaneous nerves and median cubital vein run over subcutaneous tissue
37
Q

Osteofacial compartments are formed by

A

Deep fascia surrounding the muscles, bone, intermuscular septa projecting from fascia, interosseous membranes (in the forearm)

38
Q

What do osteofacial compartments share

A

Innervation and blood supply

39
Q

What is the primary arm flexor

A

Brachialis (bc it is wider, takes up more area, closer to the bone)

40
Q

What flexes the arm if the musculocutaneous nerve is injured?

A

Brachioradialis (weak flexor) can flex the arm because it is innervated by the radial nerve

41
Q

Which head of the biceps is more medial

A

short head

42
Q

Fracture to the humerus can damage _____ which would affect the triceps function

A

radial nerve

43
Q

What are the arm muscles innervated by

A

Musculocutaneous (biceps brachii and brachialis); Radial nerve (Triceps brachii; anconeus; brachioradialis)

44
Q

To check for normal flexion and extension:

A

Flexion - condyles and olecranon form a triangle

Extension - condyles and olecranon form a straight line

45
Q

fluid filled sac that allows the tendon to move over the bone and decreases friction

A

bursa

46
Q

Subcutaneous olecranon bursitis

A

leaning on your elbow too much, and your elbow bursa gets inflamed

47
Q

7 bursa at the elbow

A 
Subcutaneous bursa of medial epicondyle
Subcutaneous bursa of lateral epicondyle
Bursa of anconeus
Bursa of origin of extensor carpi radialis brevis
Olecranon bursa:
     -Subtendinous
     -Intratendinous
     -Subcutaneous
48
Q

What do you need to generate power from your hand?

A

A stable wrist joint (too much mobility at wrist is a liability)

49
Q

Wrist is needed for

A

Gross motor, fine motor activities, gripping activities

50
Q

What is the function of the radoiocarpal and mid carpal joints in terms of flexion and extension

A

The radoiocarpal joint is responsible for 2/3 of wrist extension, while the mid carpal joint is slightly more responsible for wrist flexion than the radoiocarpal joint

51
Q

What is the distal radial ulnar joint

A

Articulation between the ulnar notch on the distal radius and the head of the ulna

52
Q

What are the components of the TFCC

A

disc, meniscus, two ligaments

53
Q

What is the importance of the TFCC disc in the distal radioulnar joint

A
  • movement is radius moves around fixed ulna
  • TFCC disc is in between the ulnar head and ulnar notch on the radius
    • The TFCC disc is important because it connects the radius and ulna ends together and it helps make the articulation and movement smoother
  • separates the DRUJ from the radoiocarpal (wrist joint)
54
Q

Functions of the distal radioulnar joint

A
  • Pronation and supination

- Transmits load from hand to forearm

55
Q

What can you see when you make a fist

A
  • Flexion at your MCP joints

- Flexion increases with index finger having the least and pinky having the most which is important for gripping

56
Q

What motions allow you to make and release a fist

A

Flexion and extension

57
Q

Blood supply of the hands is

A

very good supply of blood to hands

-Hands are normally warm, tend to get cold when nervous

58
Q

Explain the CMC joint of the thumb

A
  • Synovial, saddle
  • Loose capsule
  • Common site of osteoarthritis
  • Increased mobility, decreased stability
  • Site of flexion,extension,abduction,adduction,opposition,reposition of thumb

Gross Anatomy (11 decks)

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