Exam 2 Lec

Question 1

What is an equivalent?

Answer 1

A mole of mono-valent charge pairs

Question 2

Units for valence

Answer 2

equvalents/mole

Question 3

Equivalent weight

Answer 3

GMW/valenece = grams/equivalent

Question 4

Isotonic

Answer 4

Same or similar tonicity as body fluids

Question 5

Suspension definition

Answer 5

Liquid preparation that consist of solid particles dispersed throughout a liquid phase in which particles are not soluble.
Useful as oral, topical, ophtalmic, IM

Question 6

Purpose of suspensions

Answer 6

1 - To provide a liquid form for water insoluble drugs.

2 - As an alternative to EtOH based solutions.

Question 7

Why are suspensions usually prepared in an aqueous base?

Answer 7

1 - Physiology is water based

2 - Water is inexpensive and ubiquitous.

Question 8

If one or more components remain undissolved

Answer 8

you don’t have a solution

Question 9

If all components dissolve,

Answer 9

you do have a solution

Question 10

Advantages of using tablets/capsules as drug source for suspensions

Answer 10

1 - rapid decomposition

2 - particle size already appropriate

Question 11

Disadvantages of using tablets/capsules as drug source for suspensions

Answer 11

1 - Drug may be soluble in the solvent, could have made a solution were it not for the excipients
2 - More expensive generally

Question 12

In general, are drugs in solution more stable than drugs in suspension?

Answer 12

False.

More stable in suspension

Question 13

Advantages of suspension over solution

Answer 13

1 - Drugs contained therein are more stable
2 - Much higher drug concentrations are achievable
3 - Alcohol can be avoided in many cases

Question 14

Disadvantages of suspension over sollution

Answer 14

1 - Suspending agents are usually required
2 - Compounding procedure is more complicated
3 - Can’t QS in a graduated cylinder
4 - Must be shaken prior to administration !

Question 15

Where and how does one QS a suspension?

Answer 15

In a pre-calibrated dispensing container.

Question 16

What is levigation?

Answer 16

Only applies to powders which are insoluble in the QS media.
The wetting of INSOLUBLE powder agent in a minimal amount of qs media or levigating agent forming a smooth, homogenous paste.

Question 17

How do suspending agents work?

Answer 17

May or may not be soluble in the QS media.

Work by increasing the product’s viscosity, thus decreasing particle settling rate

Question 18

What affects sedimentation rate for suspensions:

Answer 18

–varies directly with particle size
–varies directly with particle density
–varies indirectly with suspension viscosity

Question 19

What directly affects Sedimentation time?

Answer 19

– varies directly with suspension viscosity
- varies indirectly with particle size
– varies indirectly with particle density

Question 20

Deflocculated suspension

Answer 20

As particle sizes get smaller, we get closer to deflocculated suspension:

• long sedimentation time (advantage)
• dense, difficult cake formed (disadvantage)

Question 21

Flocculated suspension

Answer 21

As the particle size get larger, w get closer to a flocculated suspension:

• short sedimentation time (disadvantage)
• sediment redisperses easily (advantage)

Question 22

ideal body weight

Answer 22

Male:
X = 50 + (2.3 x height in inches over 5 feet)

Female:
X = 45.5 + (2.3 x height in inches over 5 feet)

Question 23

Cockroft Galt equation:
Creatinine clearance (ml/min)

Answer 23

X = (140 - age) IBW / (72 x serum creatinine)

*0.85 if female

Question 24

10% rule

Answer 24

If a volume to be added to an IV bag is
greater than or equal to 10% of the
bag’s rated capacity, a volume
equivalent to the add must be removed
from the bag prior to the addition. If the
volume to be added is less then 10% of
the bag’s rated capacity a
corresponding withdrawal prior to the
addition is not necessary.