EXAM 2 Korpi

Question 1

The one-page news sheets about specific events in 17th century Europe are considered the earliest form of “newspaper.” They were called

Answer 1

corantos.

Question 2

What was the first daily newspaper published in colonial America?

Answer 2

Publick Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestick

Question 3

Which of the following is true about the New York Sun?

Answer 3

It was a penny press newspaper.

Question 4

The first wire service in the United States, which began operation in 1856, was called ________.

Answer 4

the New York Associated Press

Question 5

Which of the following is a characteristic of yellow journalism?

Answer 5

sensational sex, crime, and disaster news

Question 6

About how many newspapers are sold daily in the United States?

Answer 6

40 million

Question 7

Which one of the following is a national daily newspaper?

Answer 7

Wall Street Journal

Question 8

Which newspaper is considered the “nation’s newspaper of record”?

Answer 8

the New York Times

Question 9

The Amsterdam News in New York, which is aimed at African Americans, is an example of which of the following?

Answer 9

the ethnic press

Question 10

About how much of the overall revenue spent on advertising in the United States goes to newspapers?

Answer 10

18%

Question 11

Opinion pieces, cartoons, and horoscopes that appear in newspapers are all provided by ________.

Answer 11

feature syndicates

Question 12

Critics of conglomeration say that it is eroding the “firewall” in the newspaper business. What does the firewall refer to?

Answer 12

the barrier between newspapers’ editorial and advertising missions

Question 13

When newspapers place advertising on their front page, this is an example of

Answer 13

hypercommercialism.

Question 14

How has the Internet hurt newspapers the most financially?

Answer 14

It has taken away much classified advertising business from newspapers.

Question 15

Roughly ________ out of ten Internet users are willing to pay for access to online news.

Answer 15

one

Question 16

A story that is written primarily to attract readers to a web site and boost the site’s traffic revenue, as opposed to being genuinely informative, is known as

Answer 16

click bait.

Question 17

What is one reason so many advertisers choose newspapers to buy ad space?

Answer 17

because newspapers tend to have the kind of readers that advertisers covet as an audience

Question 18

Why is it ironic that Joseph Pulitzer founded the prize for excellence in journalism that bears his name?

Answer 18

because his paper was part of a competition for the most sensational news stories that debased journalism

Question 19

Where are the most important stories placed on the front page of newspapers?

Answer 19

above the fold and to the left

Question 20

In what year did the Internet surpass print newspapers as a source of news?

Answer 20

2009

Question 21

What is the main argument for joint operating agreements for newspapers?

Answer 21

If cities only have a single newspaper, there are no conflicting opinions to add diversity to the news.

Question 22

What is the difference between the number of newspapers bought every day by Americans in 1970 versus today?

Answer 22

In 1970, Americans bought 62 million papers; today, they buy 40 million.

Question 23

Why is the number of readers of hard-copy alternative presses on the decline?

Answer 23

because so-called alternative content is not considered so alternative on the web

Question 24

What was the North Star?

Answer 24

the most significant African-American newspaper before the Civil War

Question 25

What was significant about John Campbell’s Boston News-Letter?

Answer 25

It established the newspaper in the American colonies.

Question 26

Roughly what percentage of Americans between the ages of 18 and 34 read a print or online newspaper daily?

Answer 26

29 percent

Question 27

Why was Benjamin Day’s New York Sun so successful?

Answer 27

It was full of crime and entertainment news.

Question 28

Nonprofit newsrooms have

Answer 28

become an important source of hard news as newspapers have closed or reduced staff.

Question 29

Why was the creation of wire services so significant to the news business?

Answer 29

It was cheaper for newspapers to use wire services instead of sending reporters out into every location.

Question 30

How many American cities are served by at least one Spanish-language publication?

Answer 30

130

Question 31

Which of the following magazines was published by Benjamin Franklin in colonial America?

Answer 31

General Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, for All the British Plantations in America

Question 32

The Crisis, founded by W.E.B. DuBois,was first published in 1910 as the voice of the

Answer 32

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

Question 33

Which of the following magazines was used by muckrakers to inspire social change in the early twentieth century?

Answer 33

The Nation

Question 34

When did the magazine evolve from a locally distributed form of media to a national mass medium?

Answer 34

following the Civil War

Question 35

What was significant about Collier’s magazine?

Answer 35

It was the first mass circulation magazine to cease publication.

Question 36

What category of magazine saw the largest number of new titles during the late 1800s?

Answer 36

women’s magazines

Question 37

The power of magazines is related to a reader's personal experience with the publication—including its advertising. This is referred to as

Answer 37

engagement.

Question 38

When magazines publish special versions of an issue that contain editorial content and advertising geared to a specific demographic or regional grouping, this is known as

Answer 38

split runs.

Question 39

The magazine industry takes in more than $26 billion a year in revenue. About how much of that comes from advertising?

Answer 39

two-thirds

Question 40

The total number of issues of a magazine that are sold is known as

Answer 40

circulation.

Question 41

Magazines generally get their readers through

Answer 41

subscriptions.

Question 42

Which of the following is an online-only magazine?

Answer 42

Salon

Question 43

Tags embedded in magazines that connect readers to advertisers’ digital content when readers hold their smartphones near an ad are known as

Answer 43

near field communication chips.

Question 44

What is the name of the practice of creating a magazine specifically designed for an individual company seeking to reach a narrowly defined audience?

Answer 44

custom publishing

Question 45

What is Abercrombie & Fitch's designer catalogue an example of?

Answer 45

a magalogue

Question 46

Some magazines identify companies by name in their picture caption copy only if they are advertisers. Why?

Answer 46

Some magazines purposely create copy to reinforce their advertisers’ messages.

Question 47

When readers use their mobile devices to capture the image of small, black-and-white squares, or ________, they are instantly directed to a publisher’s or marketer’s website.

Answer 47

quick response codes

Question 48

By the 1850s, cheaper printing and growing literacy had fueled expansion of the magazine. What was an additional factor that provided content?

Answer 48

the spread of social movements

Question 49

How did the Postal Act of 1879 contribute to the growth of mass circulation popular magazines?

Answer 49

It allowed magazines to be mailed at a cheap second-class rate.

Question 50

What are single-sponsor magazines?

Answer 50

magazines that have only one advertiser throughout an entire issue

Question 51

Which of the following is true about magazine advertising?

Answer 51

American adults trust magazine advertising more than they do television or Internet advertising.

Question 52

At its 2011 annual meeting, the American Medical Association voted to encourage magazine industry efforts to discontinue the use of a particular practice. What was the practice?

Answer 52

digitally altering graphics of models’ bodies

Question 53

According to the ad-pull policy, if an advertiser is dissatisfied with an advance review of a magazine’s content, what can it do?

Answer 53

remove its ads from the magazine

Question 54

What is it called when a magazine is provided at no cost to readers who meet some specific set of advertiser-attractive criteria?

Answer 54

controlled circulation

Question 55

What are Slate and Salon examples of?

Answer 55

strictly online magazines

Question 56

When large social, economic, or technological changes take place in a culture, magazines are often the first medium to reflect this. Why?

Answer 56

Magazine publishers can more quickly change titles that are aimed at specific audiences.

Question 57

What are advertorials?

Answer 57

magazine ads that look like genuine editorial content

Question 58

“In the early 1900s, magazines were the television of their time.” What does this mean?

Answer 58

Magazines were the dominant advertising medium.

Question 59

People will sell editions of its magazine that are targeted to the top 10 and 20 largest metropolitan areas. This is an example of

Answer 59

a split run.

Question 60

What is the percentage of Americans under the age of 25 who read at least one magazine?

Answer 60

96%

Question 61

Who is considered the "father" of radio?

Answer 61

Guglielmo Marconi

Question 62

At the end of World War I, the U.S. government forced battling radio companies in the United States to join together, resulting in the creation of which company?

Answer 62

Radio Corporation of America

Question 63

Which act established the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)?

Answer 63

the Communications Act of 1934

Question 64

What are affiliates?

Answer 64

a group of broadcasting stations

Question 65

The Golden Age of Radio was strongly influenced by which factor?

Answer 65

the Great Depression

Question 66

Which of the following terms describes a characteristic of post-television radio?

Answer 66

personal

Question 67

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 is most closely related to which of the following?

Answer 67

fewer station owners

Question 68

In 25 of the 50 major radio markets, ______ of listeners are claimed by three companies.

Answer 68

80%

Question 69

Most of the recording industry is owned by a few big companies and, as a result, manufactured music groups dominate the scene. This outcome is known as which of the following?

Answer 69

cultural homogenization

Question 70

MTV truly changed the music industry, resulting in which of the following characteristics?

Answer 70

Live concerts must be extravagant.

Question 71

In-band-on-channel (IBOC) technology is used in which type of radio broadcasts?

Answer 71

terrestrial digital radio

Question 72

Pandora and Spotify are examples of which of the following?

Answer 72

bitcasters

Question 73

The Internet music revolution began with the development of which technology?

Answer 73

MP3 compression

Question 74

Music downloading has increased in part due to ______, subscription-based services that allow users to store files online and access them from computers and digital devices anywhere.

Answer 74

cloud-music services

Question 75

Radio personalities who are obnoxious, rude, and outrageous are often referred to as

Answer 75

shock jocks.

Question 76

What was the advantage of 33-1/3 rpm records over the earlier 78 rpm records?

Answer 76

They could play 23 minutes of music instead of about 3 minutes.

Question 77

Which of the following directly led to the passage of the Radio Act of 1912?

Answer 77

the sinking of the Titanic

Question 78

What did the introduction of Apple's iPod and iTunes end up representing for major record labels?

Answer 78

acceptance of a new way of selling

Question 79

Which of the following P2P-based sites has more than 170 million active users and allows for simultaneous downloading and uploading of data?

Answer 79

BitTorrent

Question 80

What type of software allows users to directly share digital content and bypass centralized servers?

Answer 80

peer-to-peer software

Question 81

During the Golden Age of Radio, how did sound recording benefit from World War II?

Answer 81

American GIs brought back new recording technology from Germany.

Question 82

Which statement below best describes the idea of "dominance of profit over artistry"?

Answer 82

Record labels are more likely to drop lesser-known artists.

Question 83

Which of the following resulted from the rise of satellite radio?

Answer 83

Traditional stations air fewer commercials than before.

Question 84

The Radio Act of 1927 dictated that licenses to broadcast would only be awarded in cases of

Answer 84

public interest, necessity, or convenience.

Question 85

During the early days of radio, which of the following led to the most significant change in the medium?

Answer 85

broadcasting

Question 86

The First Amendment protects free speech, giving radio personalities a chance to say what they think. Which of the following also helps determine whether they can say what they think?

Answer 86

the free market

Question 87

Deregulation has led to just three companies having access to 80% of radio listeners. What is one effect of this change?

Answer 87

There are fewer local public affairs broadcasts.