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Mass Communications > EXAM 2 Korpi > Flashcards

EXAM 2 Korpi Flashcards

1
Q

The one-page news sheets about specific events in 17th century Europe are considered the earliest form of “newspaper.” They were called

A

corantos.

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2
Q

What was the first daily newspaper published in colonial America?

A

Publick Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestick

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3
Q

Which of the following is true about the New York Sun?

A

It was a penny press newspaper.

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4
Q

The first wire service in the United States, which began operation in 1856, was called ________.

A

the New York Associated Press

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5
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of yellow journalism?

A

sensational sex, crime, and disaster news

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6
Q

About how many newspapers are sold daily in the United States?

A

40 million

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7
Q

Which one of the following is a national daily newspaper?

A

Wall Street Journal

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8
Q

Which newspaper is considered the “nation’s newspaper of record”?

A

the New York Times

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9
Q

The Amsterdam News in New York, which is aimed at African Americans, is an example of which of the following?

A

the ethnic press

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10
Q

About how much of the overall revenue spent on advertising in the United States goes to newspapers?

A

18%

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11
Q

Opinion pieces, cartoons, and horoscopes that appear in newspapers are all provided by ________.

A

feature syndicates

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12
Q

Critics of conglomeration say that it is eroding the “firewall” in the newspaper business. What does the firewall refer to?

A

the barrier between newspapers’ editorial and advertising missions

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13
Q

When newspapers place advertising on their front page, this is an example of

A

hypercommercialism.

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14
Q

How has the Internet hurt newspapers the most financially?

A

It has taken away much classified advertising business from newspapers.

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15
Q

Roughly ________ out of ten Internet users are willing to pay for access to online news.

A

one

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16
Q

A story that is written primarily to attract readers to a web site and boost the site’s traffic revenue, as opposed to being genuinely informative, is known as

A

click bait.

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17
Q

What is one reason so many advertisers choose newspapers to buy ad space?

A

because newspapers tend to have the kind of readers that advertisers covet as an audience

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18
Q

Why is it ironic that Joseph Pulitzer founded the prize for excellence in journalism that bears his name?

A

because his paper was part of a competition for the most sensational news stories that debased journalism

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19
Q

Where are the most important stories placed on the front page of newspapers?

A

above the fold and to the left

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20
Q

In what year did the Internet surpass print newspapers as a source of news?

A

2009

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21
Q

What is the main argument for joint operating agreements for newspapers?

A

If cities only have a single newspaper, there are no conflicting opinions to add diversity to the news.

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22
Q

What is the difference between the number of newspapers bought every day by Americans in 1970 versus today?

A

In 1970, Americans bought 62 million papers; today, they buy 40 million.

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23
Q

Why is the number of readers of hard-copy alternative presses on the decline?

A

because so-called alternative content is not considered so alternative on the web

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24
Q

What was the North Star?

A

the most significant African-American newspaper before the Civil War

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25
Q

What was significant about John Campbell’s Boston News-Letter?

A

It established the newspaper in the American colonies.

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26
Q

Roughly what percentage of Americans between the ages of 18 and 34 read a print or online newspaper daily?

A

29 percent

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27
Q

Why was Benjamin Day’s New York Sun so successful?

A

It was full of crime and entertainment news.

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28
Q

Nonprofit newsrooms have

A

become an important source of hard news as newspapers have closed or reduced staff.

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29
Q

Why was the creation of wire services so significant to the news business?

A

It was cheaper for newspapers to use wire services instead of sending reporters out into every location.

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30
Q

How many American cities are served by at least one Spanish-language publication?

A

130

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31
Q

Which of the following magazines was published by Benjamin Franklin in colonial America?

A

General Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, for All the British Plantations in America

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32
Q

The Crisis, founded by W.E.B. DuBois,was first published in 1910 as the voice of the

A

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

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33
Q

Which of the following magazines was used by muckrakers to inspire social change in the early twentieth century?

A

The Nation

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34
Q

When did the magazine evolve from a locally distributed form of media to a national mass medium?

A

following the Civil War

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35
Q

What was significant about Collier’s magazine?

A

It was the first mass circulation magazine to cease publication.

36
Q

What category of magazine saw the largest number of new titles during the late 1800s?

A

women’s magazines

37
Q

The power of magazines is related to a reader’s personal experience with the publication—including its advertising. This is referred to as

A

engagement.

38
Q

When magazines publish special versions of an issue that contain editorial content and advertising geared to a specific demographic or regional grouping, this is known as

A

split runs.

39
Q

The magazine industry takes in more than $26 billion a year in revenue. About how much of that comes from advertising?

A

two-thirds

40
Q

The total number of issues of a magazine that are sold is known as

A

circulation.

41
Q

Magazines generally get their readers through

A

subscriptions.

42
Q

Which of the following is an online-only magazine?

A

Salon

43
Q

Tags embedded in magazines that connect readers to advertisers’ digital content when readers hold their smartphones near an ad are known as

A

near field communication chips.

44
Q

What is the name of the practice of creating a magazine specifically designed for an individual company seeking to reach a narrowly defined audience?

A

custom publishing

45
Q

What is Abercrombie & Fitch’s designer catalogue an example of?

A

a magalogue

46
Q

Some magazines identify companies by name in their picture caption copy only if they are advertisers. Why?

A

Some magazines purposely create copy to reinforce their advertisers’ messages.

47
Q

When readers use their mobile devices to capture the image of small, black-and-white squares, or ________, they are instantly directed to a publisher’s or marketer’s website.

A

quick response codes

48
Q

By the 1850s, cheaper printing and growing literacy had fueled expansion of the magazine. What was an additional factor that provided content?

A

the spread of social movements

49
Q

How did the Postal Act of 1879 contribute to the growth of mass circulation popular magazines?

A

It allowed magazines to be mailed at a cheap second-class rate.

50
Q

What are single-sponsor magazines?

A

magazines that have only one advertiser throughout an entire issue

51
Q

Which of the following is true about magazine advertising?

A

American adults trust magazine advertising more than they do television or Internet advertising.

52
Q

At its 2011 annual meeting, the American Medical Association voted to encourage magazine industry efforts to discontinue the use of a particular practice. What was the practice?

A

digitally altering graphics of models’ bodies

53
Q

According to the ad-pull policy, if an advertiser is dissatisfied with an advance review of a magazine’s content, what can it do?

A

remove its ads from the magazine

54
Q

What is it called when a magazine is provided at no cost to readers who meet some specific set of advertiser-attractive criteria?

A

controlled circulation

55
Q

What are Slate and Salon examples of?

A

strictly online magazines

56
Q

When large social, economic, or technological changes take place in a culture, magazines are often the first medium to reflect this. Why?

A

Magazine publishers can more quickly change titles that are aimed at specific audiences.

57
Q

What are advertorials?

A

magazine ads that look like genuine editorial content

58
Q

“In the early 1900s, magazines were the television of their time.” What does this mean?

A

Magazines were the dominant advertising medium.

59
Q

People will sell editions of its magazine that are targeted to the top 10 and 20 largest metropolitan areas. This is an example of

A

a split run.

60
Q

What is the percentage of Americans under the age of 25 who read at least one magazine?

A

96%

61
Q

Who is considered the “father” of radio?

A

Guglielmo Marconi

62
Q

At the end of World War I, the U.S. government forced battling radio companies in the United States to join together, resulting in the creation of which company?

A

Radio Corporation of America

63
Q

Which act established the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)?

A

the Communications Act of 1934

64
Q

What are affiliates?

A

a group of broadcasting stations

65
Q

The Golden Age of Radio was strongly influenced by which factor?

A

the Great Depression

66
Q

Which of the following terms describes a characteristic of post-television radio?

A

personal

67
Q

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 is most closely related to which of the following?

A

fewer station owners

68
Q

In 25 of the 50 major radio markets, ______ of listeners are claimed by three companies.

A

80%

69
Q

Most of the recording industry is owned by a few big companies and, as a result, manufactured music groups dominate the scene. This outcome is known as which of the following?

A

cultural homogenization

70
Q

MTV truly changed the music industry, resulting in which of the following characteristics?

A

Live concerts must be extravagant.

71
Q

In-band-on-channel (IBOC) technology is used in which type of radio broadcasts?

A

terrestrial digital radio

72
Q

Pandora and Spotify are examples of which of the following?

A

bitcasters

73
Q

The Internet music revolution began with the development of which technology?

A

MP3 compression

74
Q

Music downloading has increased in part due to ______, subscription-based services that allow users to store files online and access them from computers and digital devices anywhere.

A

cloud-music services

75
Q

Radio personalities who are obnoxious, rude, and outrageous are often referred to as

A

shock jocks.

76
Q

What was the advantage of 33-1/3 rpm records over the earlier 78 rpm records?

A

They could play 23 minutes of music instead of about 3 minutes.

77
Q

Which of the following directly led to the passage of the Radio Act of 1912?

A

the sinking of the Titanic

78
Q

What did the introduction of Apple’s iPod and iTunes end up representing for major record labels?

A

acceptance of a new way of selling

79
Q

Which of the following P2P-based sites has more than 170 million active users and allows for simultaneous downloading and uploading of data?

A

BitTorrent

80
Q

What type of software allows users to directly share digital content and bypass centralized servers?

A

peer-to-peer software

81
Q

During the Golden Age of Radio, how did sound recording benefit from World War II?

A

American GIs brought back new recording technology from Germany.

82
Q

Which statement below best describes the idea of “dominance of profit over artistry”?

A

Record labels are more likely to drop lesser-known artists.

83
Q

Which of the following resulted from the rise of satellite radio?

A

Traditional stations air fewer commercials than before.

84
Q

The Radio Act of 1927 dictated that licenses to broadcast would only be awarded in cases of

A

public interest, necessity, or convenience.

85
Q

During the early days of radio, which of the following led to the most significant change in the medium?

A

broadcasting

86
Q

The First Amendment protects free speech, giving radio personalities a chance to say what they think. Which of the following also helps determine whether they can say what they think?

A

the free market

87
Q

Deregulation has led to just three companies having access to 80% of radio listeners. What is one effect of this change?

A

There are fewer local public affairs broadcasts.

Mass Communications (1 decks)

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