Exam 2 - Jeopardy Flashcards
The nervous system develops from this layer of the embryo
Ectoderm
Regions of the dorsal portion of the neural tube will develop into this
Sensory cortex
This process, influenced by the environment, makes genes less likely to be expressed
Methylation
Increases in postnatal brain size are largely NOT due to this
Development of new neurons
Differing rates of synapse elimination across unique brain regions are tied to differing rates of this
Synaptogenesis
Most neurons are born in this area of the neural tube
Ventricular zone
Radial glia guide new neurons in this process
Migration
A substance that causes different patterns of differentiation based on its concentration
Morphogen
An influx of these ions within a neuron can induce apoptosis
Calcium
These can prevent axon growth in specific directions
Chemorepellants
For most senses, the sensory pathway passes through this structure
Thalamus
A sensory receptor that maintains sensitivity to sustained stimulation
Tonic receptor
This brain region is involved in the process of attention
Posterior parietal
Although you are wearing clothing, you are not focused on or bothered by the sensation of your clothes touching your body due to this process
Adaptation
You press the side of your eye and see a blob appear, which is explained by this phenomenon
Labeled lines
The sensory organ for touch
Skin
Pacinian corpuscles demonstrate this type of adaptation
Fast
This onion-like receptor is found in the skin and muscle
Pacinian corpuscle
These receptor cells are especially sensitive to stretching of the skin
Ruffini’s endings
This type of receptor cell transduces information in the somatosensory system
Mechanoreceptor
The tiny bones in the middle ear are collectively known as
Ossicles
The swaying of stereocilia in response to sound waves causes an influx of this ion at the base of the hair cell
Calcium
The auditory stimulus is transduced into electrical signals by these
Hair cells
This form of deafness arises from problems in the middle ear
Conduction deafness
These theories offer the best current understanding of the mechanism of pitch perception
Place and temporal coding theories
This surrounds the axons of some neurons, speeding conductance of electrical signals
Myelin
This portion of the neural tube includes the developing cortex
Telencephalon
Synaptogenesis in these areas reach their peak by 12 months of age
Visual and auditory cortices
High plasticity within a brain region is expected during these
Sensitive periods
Research indicates that differences between identical twins are due to
Experience and gene methylation
Newly born cells undergo this after migrating to their new positions
Differentiation
This substance is released by neurons and helps target cells maintain connections and survive
Neurotrophic factor
A substance that causes cells to differentiate
Inducing factor
In neurons undergoing apoptosis, DNA is cut up by these
Caspases
Stem cells are induced to develop into neurons when this is inhibited
Bone morphogenetic proteins
This is a type of stimulus for which a given sensory system is adapted
Adequate stimulus
Adaptation to sustained stimulation is characteristic of these receptors
Phasic receptors
This is the process by which sensory information is converted into electrical information for neural communication
Sensory transduction
This is the translation of level of stimulus energy into nerve cell impulses
Coding
According to this hypothesis, specific nerve cells act as specialists for particular segments of sensory intensities
Range fractionation
Adequate stimuli for the sensory system
Pressure/deformation of the skin
The threshold of mechanical stimulation to stimulate a Meissner’s corpuscle is
Very low
The receptive fields of these receptor cells are large with vague borders
Pacinian corpuscles
An individual is unable to detect the movement of objects through their fingers (cannot detect slippage) when these sensory receptors are damaged
Meissner corpuscles
In this representation of the somatosensory cortex, the hands and lips are emphasized
Homunculus
The stapes connects to this, which causes movement of the round window
Oval window
A lack of functional cochlear hair cells results in this
Deafness
High-frequency sounds cause the greatest amount of deflection in this area of the basilar membrane
Base
Cortical processing of speech and noise differ in this way
Speech activates areas of the auditory cortex that are not activated by noise
These theories offer the best current understanding of the mechanism of pitch perception
Place and temporal coding theories
