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TRI 3 - MS 2 > Exam 2 info > Flashcards

Exam 2 info Flashcards

1
Q

What are the local lumbar stabilizers

A

Lumbar multifidus
Transverse abdominis
Internal oblique

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2
Q

What is significant about the lumbar multifidus

A

Contributes 70% of the muscular stabilizing force in the lower back

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3
Q

What is significant about the transverse abdominis

A

It is recruited first when the spine is loaded

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4
Q

How does spine stabilization training help patients

A 
The spine is vulnerable
Protects of articular surfaces
Prevents reinjury
Facilitates healing
Decreases pain
Prevents injury
Improves performance
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5
Q

Define neutral spine in a non injured person

A

position in which a vertical force exerted through the spine allows equal weight transference to the WB surfaces

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6
Q

Describe a neutral spine in an injured poersin

A

Position or range of movement defined by a patients signs and symptoms, pathology and current musculature

or

Most stable asymptomatic position of the trunk

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7
Q

What are some improper things to look out for during the ADIM

A 
Movement of ribs, shoulders, pelvis
Sucking in upper abdomen
Holding breath
Depressing the rib cage
Pushing heels into surface
Contracting glutes
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8
Q

What are some ADIM cues

A 
Draw in abdominal wall
Tighten abdominal wall
Pull navel up and in
Pull lower abdomen away from your pants
Pull ASIS together
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9
Q

What is the best exercise for the multifidus

A

Prone hip extension

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10
Q

What is the exercise prescription for a person after a stroke

A

50-80% 1RM
1-3 sets
10-15 reps
2-3 min rest

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11
Q

What are the benefits of resistance exercise to a person with a stroke

A

Increased functional activity

reduced cardiac demands

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12
Q

How do you determine 1RM

A

12 rep max

stop when the patient can no longer perform the exercise safely

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13
Q

What exercise equipment is considered to deliver variable resistance

A 
TheraBand
Certain adjustable cable systems
Hydraulic
Weight machines
Isokinetic
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14
Q

What exercise equipment offer constant external load

A

Free weights
Fixed cable machines
Weight machines
Functional movements

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15
Q

What is isotonic exercise and when would it be used in treat ment

A

Concentric eccentric lifting (load remains constant)

Late subacute and beyond

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16
Q

When is isometric exercise used`

A

Acute stage

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17
Q

What are some signs of overtraining

A 
Drop in appetite, performance and energy
High BP
Muscle tenderness
Sleep disturbances
Frequent illness
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18
Q

What are some advantages of using mechanical resistance exercise equipment

A

Established quantitative baseline measurements
Used when strength exceeds therapists strength
adds variety
Improves strength and endurance

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19
Q

What are the advantages of weight machines

A

external support
Single muscle or muscle group
Easy to document

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20
Q

What are some disadvantages of weight machines

A

Nonfunctional
Single plane movements only
Compensations are easy to hide
Expensive

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21
Q

What are some advantages of isokinetic exercise

A 
Max resistance through range
Concentric and eccentric
Accommodations for pain
Exercise at functional speeds
Used in research
Used for pt. testing
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22
Q

What are some disadvantages of isokinetic exercise

A

Machines are expensive

Time consuming to set up the first time

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23
Q

What is the purpose of functional strengthening

A

Multiplanar movements
Using the MS and neural system together
Based on rehab program goals

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24
Q

How do you progress functional strengthening

A 
Add weight
Narrow base of support
Decrease stability of base of support
Increase excursion of limb movement
Increase speed and direction of movement
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25
Q

Precautions for resistance exercise

A 
Monitor vitals (if seated if LOB is of concern)
underlying pathology
Severity of impairment
Co-morbidities
Ability to cooperate and learn
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26
Q

Which type of contraction on the force velocity curve produces the most force

A

Fast eccentrics

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27
Q

When does DOMS peak

A

24-48 hours post training

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28
Q

How do eccentrics help tendons

A

Greater forces increase tendon strength

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29
Q

What is an example of an eccentric dosing regiment

A 
3 sets
15 reps
7 days a week
12 weeks
no more than 5/10 pain
Progress with no discomfort
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30
Q

What is the main goal for tendon training

A

Increased tensile strength makes a muscle less susceptible to injury

31
Q

How are eccentrics used in the acute phase

A

Not used in the acute phase

32
Q

How are eccentrics used in the subacute phase

A

Sub maximal

Slow speeds

33
Q

How are eccentrics used in the chronic phase

A

Progress to max load, fast speeds

Isokinetic saved for final stage of rehab

34
Q

What aspect do explosive movements train

A

Power

35
Q

What are some characteristics of eccentric contractions

A

less motor unit activation
Series elastic elements supply resistance
Less oxygen consumption
more force than concentric

36
Q

What are some eccentric biased activities

A

Pulleys
PNF
Theraband
MRE

37
Q

Describe a plyometric exercise

A

quick powerful movement involving a muscle pre stretch to activate the stretch shortening cycle to produce stronger concentric contraction

38
Q

What happens before the explosive movement in a plyometric

A

Amortization phase

39
Q

What is the purpose of plyometrics

A

Heighten excitability of the nervous system for improved reactive ability of the neuromuscular system

40
Q

What does decreasing the amortization phase achieve

A

Increasing the intensity of the activity

41
Q

What are some prerequisites for plyometric training

A

Adequate strength base

Supportive shoes

42
Q

How do you warm up for plyometrics

A

general drills to sweating

Specific mobility techniques

43
Q

Power vs endurance dosing

A

Power 1:3-4 work/rest

Endurance 1:1-2 work/rest

44
Q

What are some signs of fatigue for plyometric exercises

A

Prolonged foot contact
Lack of arm and leg movement
Lack of interest
Longer rest periods

45
Q

What are the mechanical characteristics of plyometric training

A

Contractile component - force
series elastic component - stability stores energy
Parallel elastic component - stability

46
Q

Compare muscle spindles and GOT’s

A

Muscle spindles - respond to stretch excite muscle

GTO - respond to stretch - relax muscle

47
Q

What controls muscle fiber elongation

A

Tensile strength - more = less stretch

sensitivity - less sensitive = less of a response

48
Q

What changes can plyometric changes elicit

A 
Increased speed of the stretch reflex
Better recruitment of the motor units
Desensitization of the GTO's
Improved coordination
nervous system becomes more autonomic
49
Q

How do you dose plyometrics for volume

A

75-100 foot contacts - low intensity

200-250 - moderate intensity

50
Q

What is appropriate plyometric frequency

A

48-72 hours between training sessions

For the young keep the demand lower

51
Q

What are some general plyometric guidelines

A

should be specific to the individuals goals
Activity specific
Complex movements broken down and built back up
Greatest benefits at the end of a workout
Quality over quantity

52
Q

What are some precautions for aquatic therapy

A 
Fear of water
Neurological disorders
Respiratory disorders
Cardiac dysfunction
Small open wounds and lines
53
Q

What are some contraindications for aquatic therapy

A 
Unstable angina
Cardiac failure
Severe PVD
Severe kidney disease
Uncontrolled bowel and bladder movements
open wounds without occlusive dressing
Active infections
54
Q

What percentage of weight is unloaded at various body structures when submerged

A

C7 - 90%
Sternum - 67%
ASIS - 50%

55
Q

What are the appropriate temperatures for different populations

A

82-88 - active adults, MS
88-92 - less active, arthritis, women
92-96 less active patients

56
Q

How can water therapy affect heart rate

A

HR can drop 20 beats when in water

Use RPE to Gaige intensity

57
Q

What population is likely to deal with PFPS and what causes it

A

Very common in young athletes

Abnormal biomechanics in LE kinetic chain

58
Q

What types of activities tend to aggravate PFPS symptoms

A

Prolonged sitting
Stair climbing
Descending stairs
Squatting

59
Q

What are some symptoms associated with PFPS

A

Pain with walking, kneeling, running
swelling in the knee
Grinding or popping sensation
knee bucking under too much weight

60
Q

What structural issues may lead to PF pain

A 
Increased Q angle
Femoral anteversion
Excessive tibial ER
Genu Valgum
Foot hyperpronation
Generalized laxity
61
Q

What neuromuscular issues can cause PF pain

A

Tight lateral retinaculum
Weak VMO
Poor hip strength
Poor patellar tracking

62
Q

What is normal Q angle in men and women

A

Men - 13

Women - 18

63
Q

What structural variables can increase the Q angle

A

Coxa Vara
Femoral anteversion or internal rotation
Genu valgum
External tibial rotation
Lateral displacement of the tibial tuberosity
Pes planus, calcaneal eversion, hind foot pronation

64
Q

How can you determine if pes planus is functional or structural

A

come up on toes, if arch restores it is more functional and can benefit from therapeutic exercises

65
Q

With McConnel taping how do you correct lateral patellar glide

A

Tape to lateral border of patella to MFC

66
Q

With McConnel taping how do you correct lateral patellar tilt

A

tape to middle of patella to MFC

67
Q

With McConnel taping how do you correct ER

A

tape to middle inferior border of patella to MFC

68
Q

What are some effects of taping

A 
Protection
Stability
Affect/ change alignment
Enhance proprioception
Temporary support for weak muscles
Affect length tension relationship
Increased neuromuscular control
Increased kinesthetic awareness
Placebo
69
Q

Describe McConnel tape

A

Rigid
Highly adhesive
up to 18 hour use

70
Q

What are some taping guidelines

A 
Avoid lotions
Wipe area with alcohol, use spray, shave
Be aware of latex allergies
Tape skin with normal temperatures
Explain how the taping should feel
Maintain limb in proper taping position
71
Q

How long should you wear tape

A

Kinesio - up to 3 days, pat dry after shower, cut away loose ends
McConnel - waking hours only, stretch to help with mobility, may be sore after taping

72
Q

What are some factors to consider when considering taping

A 
Specific
Need someone else to do it
Long term expense
Custom fit
Can help to determine if bracing is needed
Skin reaction possible
73
Q

What are some factors to consider when considering bracing

A 
Easy to use
Not very specific
Initial cost is expensive
Size may be custom
May not stay in place
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TRI 3 - MS 2 (2 decks)

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