Exam 2 - Impromptu, Supporting Material, Microphone, Because Test, Transitions, Organization Patterns

Question 1

What are 5 forms of supporting material?

Answer 1

1) Offer Examples
2) Share Stories
3) Draw on Testimony
4) Provide Facts and Statistics
5) Refer Orally to you sources

Question 2

What is and example?

Answer 2

a typical instance of something

Question 3

What are 3 types of examples for developing supporting material?

Answer 3

1) Brief Example
2) Extended Example
3) Hypothetical Example

Question 4

What is a “Brief” example?

Answer 4

a single illustration of a point

Question 5

What is an “Extended” example?

Answer 5

multifaceted illustrations of the idea, item, or event being described, thereby allowing the speaker to create a more detailed picture for the audience.

Question 6

What is a “hypothetical” example?

Answer 6

Since it hasn’t happened; what you believe the outcome would be given a scenario

Question 7

Why tell a story?

Answer 7

1) Conveys a message and connects with the audience
2) Real or imaginary relating personal experiences, folk wisdom, etc.
3) A successful story will strike an emotional connection between the speaker and the audience

Question 8

What is an anecdote?

Answer 8

brief stories of interesting and often humorous incidents based on real life.

Question 9

What is testimony?

Answer 9

firsthand findings, eyewitness accounts and people’s opinions

Question 10

What is expert testimony?

Answer 10

testimony given from professionals trained to evaluate a given topic

Question 11

What is lay testimony?

Answer 11

Non-experts that can reveal compelling firsthand information that may be unavailable to others.

Question 12

What are facts?

Answer 12

represent documented occurrences, including actual events, dates, time, etc.

Question 13

What is a statistic?

Answer 13

quantified evidence that summarizes compares and predicts things

Question 14

Evaluate Your Research Needs (5 points)

Answer 14

1) Examples to illustrate, describe, or represent you ideas
2) A story or anecdote to drive your point home
3) Firsthand findings, in the form of testimony, to illustrate your points or strengthen your argument
4) Relevant facts, or documented occurrences, to substantiate your statements
5) Statistics to demonstrate relationships

Question 15

What are the 5 key elements in organizing the body of a speech?

Answer 15

1) Use main point to make your claim
2) Use supporting points to demonstrate your claim
3) Pay close attention to coordination and subordination
4) Strive for Unified, Coherent and Balanced Organization
5) Use transitions to give direction to the speech

Question 16

What are main points?

Answer 16

Cummulative key ideas; each main point is restricted to a single idea

Question 17

What is a thesis statement?

Answer 17

aka central idea; the theme of the speech stated as a single, declarative sentence.

Question 18

What is the difference between a thesis statement and the specific purpose

Answer 18

Specific Purpose: describes in action form what you want to achieve with the speech (e.g.to show my audience three steps on how to… X)

These statement: concisely defines a single idea of what the speech is about (e.g. done correctly, “X” can….)

Question 19

What steps can help you narrow your topic (5)

Answer 19

1) What is my audience most likely to know about the subject?
2) What do my listeners most likely want to learn?
3) What aspects of the topic are most relevant to the occasion?
4) Can I develop the topic using just two or three main points?
5) How much can I competently research and report on in the time I am given to speak?

Question 20

What is the specific speech purpose?

Answer 20

Lays out precisely what you want the audience to take away from your presentation.

Question 21

What are supporting points?

Answer 21

Organize the evidence you have gathered to explain the main points.

Question 22

What is coordination and subordination?

Answer 22

the logical placement of ideas relative to their importance to one another (think of an outline)

Question 23

What does it mean when a speech is unified?

Answer 23

when it contains only those points implied by the specific purpose and thesis statements

Question 24

What does it mean when a speech is coherent?

Answer 24

when it is organized clearly and logically, using the principles of coordination and subordination

Question 25

What does it mean when a speech is balanced?

Answer 25

the appropriate emphasis has been given to each part of the speech relative to the other parts and the theme

Question 26

When are full sentence transitions used?

Answer 26

When moving from one main point to another

Question 27

Internal Previews and Summaries can be used as…?

Answer 27

Transitions

Question 28

What is a preview statement?

Answer 28

briefly mention the main points and thesis of the speech

Question 29

What is an internal preview?

Answer 29

Signals a shift between one main point or idea to another

Question 30

What is an internal summary?

Answer 30

draws together important ideas before the speaker proceeds to another speech point

Question 31

Use transitions to (8 Points)

Answer 31

1) show comparisons
2) contrast ideas
3) illustrate cause and effect
4) illustrate sequence of time
5) indicate explanation
6) indicate additional examples
7) emphasize significance
8) summarize

Question 32

What are 6 types of organizational patterns?

Answer 32

1) Chronological
2) Spatial
3) Cause-Effect
4) Problem-solution
5) Topical
6) Narrative

Question 33

What characterizes the chronological pattern?

Answer 33

main points arranged in natural sequential order

Question 34

What characterizes the spatial pattern?

Answer 34

main points arranged in physical proximity or direction relative to one another

Question 35

What characterizes the cause-effect pattern?

Answer 35

main points arranged to demonstrate cause followed by the effect

Question 36

What characterizes the problem-solution pattern?

Answer 36

main points arranged to demonstrate problem followed by the solution

Question 37

What characterizes the topical pattern?

Answer 37

main points arranged by topic or category relative to the thesis statment

Question 38

What characterizes the narrative pattern?

Answer 38

consists of a story or series of stories; usually incorporates elements of other designs.

Question 39

What is the goal of an informative speech

Answer 39

Enlighten rather than advocate

Question 40

Preparation for an informative speech includes..(6 points)

Answer 40

1) Gain and sustain involvement
2) Look for ways to increase understanding
3) Subject Matter
4) How to communicate your information
5) Take steps to reduce confusion
6) Arrange points in patterns

Question 41

How do you gain and sustain involvement of your audience?

Answer 41

Analyze audience and present new &/or interesting information

Question 42

What are ways to increase audience understanding? (5)

Answer 42

1) Prepare a well organized introduction the clearly previews a the thesis and main points.
2) Make liberal use of transition words and phrases
3) Use rhetorical devices
4) Choose and organizational pattern
5) Use presentation aids

Question 43

Steps to Reduce Confusion (2)

Answer 43

1) Use analogies to build on prior knowledge

2) Counter faulty assumptions

Question 44

What is an analogy?

Answer 44

Relating something that is unknown to an existing known

Question 45

Strategies for explaining complex information (7)

Answer 45

1) Use analogies that link concepts to something familiar
2) Define terms in several ways
3) Simplify terminology wherever possible
4) Make ample use of presentation aids
5) Acknowledge its plausibility
6) Demonstrate its limitation using familiar examples

Question 46

What are the 4 most common ways that people learn

Answer 46

1) Visual - pictures, diagrams, maps
2) Aural - spoken word; lectures, tapes, etc
3) Read/Write - through text based delivery; handouts, power point
4) Kinesthetic - communicated through real life, simulation, movies, etc