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L 211 > exam 2 (hw questions) > Flashcards

exam 2 (hw questions) Flashcards

1
Q

Bacterial DNA associates with various proteins to form a structure called the:

A

nucleoid

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2
Q

Which of the following chromatin features would you expect to find in a region of heterochromatin?

  • H3K9me3
  • H3K27ac
  • Low levels of DNA methylation
  • Low nucleosome occupancy
A

H3K9me3

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3
Q

RNAPs catalyze the formation of what type of bond?

A

phosphodiester

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4
Q

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers can expose specific DNA sequences wrapped into nucleosomes?

  • Sliding of nucleosomes
  • Targeting of histones for destruction
  • Unwrapping of nucleosomal DNA
  • Eviction of nucleosomes
A

targeting of histones for destruction

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5
Q

what regions of a mammalian genome would you expect to have a high level of DNA methylation?

A

transposable elements

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6
Q

Histones are uniquely able to form strong interactions with DNA due to what feature?

A

Their unusually high basic amino acid content

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7
Q

Which subunit of bacterial RNAP targets it to specific sets of promoters?

A

sigma

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8
Q

Polycomb silencing and Trithorax activation are chromatin regulatory processes that primarily act on what histone residue?

A

H3K27

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9
Q

Which of the following histones is not part of the core nucleosome octamer?

  • H4
  • H1
  • H2A
  • H3
A

H1

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10
Q

Bacterial RNAP is capable of denaturing DNA at promoters. It can thus be considered what type of enzyme?

A

helicase

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11
Q

Which component of the lac operon system encodes the lac repressor?

A

lacl

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12
Q

which eukaryotic RNAPs transcribes rRNA?

A

RNAP1

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13
Q

lacOc mutations only cause constitutive expression of lac mRNA when they are on the same strand as a normal copy of lacZ. this means that they are is of what formation?

A

cis-domainant

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14
Q

Most eukaryotic promoters do not have a TATA box and so rely on what general transcription factor to begin PIC assembly?

A

TFIID

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15
Q

Which module of Mediator is responsible for contacting RNAPII bound to promoters?

A

head

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16
Q

The attenuator hairpin in the trp leader mRNA is formed by the interaction of what two leader segments?

A

3 and 4

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17
Q

Which of the following elements would you not expect to find in a eukaryotic core promoter?

  • Inr
  • -10 box
  • TATA box
  • BRE
A

-10 box

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18
Q

When glucose is added to a lactose-containing bacterial culture medium, the transcription of lac mRNA is silenced via what mechanism?

A

catabolite repression

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19
Q

Eukaryotic TFIIH serves what function in the context of the PIC?

A

promoter DNA melting

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20
Q

The trp operon encodes five enzymes and is shut off in response to high levels of tryptophan in the cells’ growth medium. These enzymes therefore fall into what category?

A

repressible

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21
Q

what eukaryotic transcription-related proteins is equivalent to bacterial GreA/GreB in the rescue of stalled RNAPs?

A

TFIIS

22
Q

RNA editing can recode an “A” base in mRNA to what nonstandard base?

A

Inosine

23
Q

Which of the following eukaryotic transcription-related proteins is NOT involved in the regulation of RNAPII pausing?

  • TFIID
  • NELF
  • DSIF
  • p-TEFb
A

TFIID

24
Q

What feature of eukaryotic mRNAs can be used to purify them from bulk cellular RNA?

A

Poly(A) tail

25
Q

Which histone modifications or variants would you expect to find primarily in the bodies of active genes?

A

H3K36me3

26
Q

RNAPII transcription termination is coupled to what stage of RNA processing?

A

Cleavage and polyadenylation

27
Q

Transcriptional activators bound to enhancers are contacted by what module of the Mediator complex?

A

tail

28
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of EUKARYOTIC mRNA polyadenylation?

  • Nuclear export of mRNAs
  • Destabilization of mRNAs -Recruitment of translation-related proteins to mRNAs
  • Stabilization of mRNAs
A

-Destabilization of mRNAs

29
Q

which organism has the longest intron

A

human

30
Q

Which of the following biological phenomena we discussed was not discovered in a virus?

  • Split genes
  • Gene regulation by enhancers
  • DNA methylation
  • All of these were first described in viruses.
A

DNA methylation

31
Q

Eukaryotic mRNAs can be isolated from total cellular RNA due to the presence of what sequence feature?

A

poly(A)-tail

32
Q

Circular bacterial chromosomes interact with proteins to form a condensed structure known as the:

A

nucleoid

33
Q

Which module of the Mediator complex is responsible for interaction with the promoter-bound general transcription machinery?

A

head

34
Q

Which of the following is a false statement regarding mRNA capping?

  • The cap is placed at the 5’ end of the pre-mRNA
  • The cap enhances degradation of mRNAs by exonucleases
  • Most mRNAs are capped
  • Capping occurs co-transcriptionally
A

The cap enhances degradation of mRNAs by exonucleases

35
Q

The complete, catalytically competent form of an enzyme is referred to as a(n):

A

holoenzyme

36
Q

The eviction of HP1 and TFIID from chromosomes during mitosis is mediated by the interplay between what two types of histone modification?

A

methylation and phosphorylation

37
Q

What is the function of lacO within the lacoperon?

A

it serves as bonding site for the lac repressor

38
Q

Which of the following chromatin features would you notexpect to find at a heterochromaticregion?

  • High levels of histone acetylation
  • high levels of DNA methylation
  • H3K9me3
  • sensely packed nucleosomes
A

High levels of histone acetylation

39
Q

RNA editing recodes A to which nonstandard base?

A

inosine

40
Q

While bacterial RNAP contains the helicase activity necessary to melt promoter DNA, eukaryotic RNAPII requires some help. What general transcription factor performs this function?

A

TFIIH

41
Q

hnRNA was an early term for what type of RNA

A

unprocessed mRNA

42
Q

RNAP accumulates enough energy to transition from abortive initiation to productive elongation through what mechanism?

A

scrunching

43
Q

What is the correct order of the RNA processing events listed below?

A

capping, cleavage, polyadenylation

44
Q

what amino acid can not be phosphorylated by a kinase

A

cysteine

45
Q

Which of the following elements is not involved in bacterial intrinsic transcription termination?

  • stem loop
  • rut site
  • U-rich region
  • all of these participate
A

rut site

46
Q

Operons generate single mRNAs containing multiple protein-coding sequences. What is the generally accepted term for this type of mRNA?

A

polycistronic

47
Q

telomeres are bound by what specialized eukaryotic protein complex

A

shelterin

48
Q

the eukaryotic Xrn2 protein is involved in what step of mRNA processing?

A

termination

49
Q

The enzymes encoded by the lac operon are turned on in response to a specific stimulus –the addition of lactose to the bacterial culture medium. These enzymes are thus of what class?

A

inducible

50
Q

Bridging between eukaryotic enhancers and promoters is often achieved by what protein complex?

A

mediator

L 211 (12 decks)

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