Exam 2 Hip SI Knee Flashcards
positive finding for anterior innominate test
local pain over the SI joint
what could be causing the SI joint pain in the anterior innominate test
unilateral forward displacement of the ilium, sacrum, or SI joint sprain
supported adam’s test a.k.a
belt test
what is indicated if there is pain only during the first part of the belt test
SI joint problem
what is indicated if there is pain during the first and second part of the belt test
lumbar spine problem
the patient lies prone and the doctor compresses the SI joints by applying pressure to the PSIS’s with the thenar or thumbs
erichsen’s test
what could be causing the SI joint pain in a positive erichsen’s test
stress being placed on the anterior SI joint ligaments
with the patient supine, the doctor stands on the affected side and brings the unaffected knee up toward the patient’s chest. the doctor then slowly hyper-extends the affected knee
gaenslen’s test
the patient lies supine while the doctor palpates L5 and S1. the doctor uses the other hand to elevate the affected leg
goldthwait’s sign
if there is pain before the L5-S1 separation on goldthwait’s test what is the finding
SI joint problem
if there is pain after the L5-S1 separation on goldthwait’s test what is the finding
lumbar spine problem
with the patient prone, the doctor flexes the knee to 90 degrees and internally rotates the femur by pushing the foot laterally
hibb’s test
what is the doctor looking for during hibb’s test
femoral head or acetabular problems
the patient lies on their unaffected side and the doctor compresses the iliac crest toward the table
iliac compression test
what could be causing the pain during an iliac compression test
sprain of the posterior SI ligaments.
gold standard to find SI pain
iliac compression test
SI joint problems normally cause neurologic deficits
FALSE
the patient lies on their unaffected side and brings their unaffected knee toward their chest. the doctor slowly hyper-extends the affected thigh
lewin gaenslen test
a positive lewin gaenslen test
SI joint pain or muscle tightness
the patient lies prone and the doctor applies pressure on the base of the sacrum with one hand and places the other under the ipsilateral knee and lifts the knee off of the table (extending the thigh)
yeoman’s test
a positive yeoman’s test
pain in the SI joint and muscle tightness
what could be causing the pain in a positive yeoman’s test
- stress on the anterior SI ligaments
- femoral nerve irritation
- iliopsoas or rectus femoris muscle contracture
which tests have pain being caused by stress on the posterior SI ligaments
iliac compression test
which tests have pain being caused by stress on the anterior SI ligaments
- erichsen’s test
- yeoman’s test
test where doctor measures from apex of ASIS to medial malleolus
actual leg length
positive sign for actual leg length
a difference of more than 6mm from the other leg
what does a positive sign for actual leg length indicate
could indicate hip joint or long bone deficiency
test where doctor measures from umbilicus to medial malleolus
apparent leg length
positive sign for apparent leg length
a difference of more than 6mm from the other leg
what could a positive sign for apparent leg length indicate
pelvic subluxation
in which test does the patient lie supine with knees and hips flexed and feet flat on the table
allis’ sign
in which test does the patient lie supine and the doctor elevates a straight leg and hits the bottom of the heel with a fist
anvil test
positive sign with anvil test
pain in the kinetic chain from the heel to acetabulum
the patient lies with the affected side up and the doctor grasps just above the ankle, abducts the leg and then internally and externally rotates the thigh
gauvain’s sign
positive gauvain’s sign
- ipsilateral contraction of abdominal muscles
- hip pain
- referred pain to the groin or anterior thigh
what was gauvain’s sign designed to find
TB in preadolescents
what is a positive sign for telescoping test
excess joint play and/or palpable click in the joint
what could a positive sign for telescoping test indicate
hip dislocation or hip dysplasia
the patient lies supine, the doctor stands on the unaffected side and the patient crosses the leg into the figure 4 position while the doctor stabilizes the opposite ASIS
patrick’s test
positive sign for patrick’s test
pain in the hip or the patient is unable to perform
the patient lies with the affected side up. the doctor stands behind the patient and stabilizes the pelvis. the doctor uses the other hand to abduct and extend the thigh and the hip. the doctor the slides the hand from knee to ankle while keeping the knee bent
ober’s test
what is a positive ober’s test
the affected thigh remains abducted and may be painful or may drop with clonus
what could a positive ober’s test indicate
IT band tightness
the patient lies supine and actively pulls the unaffected knee to the chest while keeping the other leg straight
thomas test
what could a positive thomas test indicate
flexion contracture or shortening of iliopsoas on affected side
the patient stands on the affected foot and raises unaffected foot off of the ground
trendelenburg’s test
what is a positive trendelenburg’s test
high iliac crest on supported leg and low iliac crest on the lifted leg
what could a positive trendelenburg’s test indicate
gluteus medius insufficiency on the supported leg
the infant lies supine. the doctor grasps both thighs and the level of the lesser trochanter and flexes and abducts the thighs bilaterally
ortolani’s test
positive ortolani’s test
palpable click or “clunk”
patient lies supine with legs straight. the doctor stabilizes the medial ankle and pushes lateral to medial at the knee
abduction (valgus) stress test
which ligament is being tested with the abduction (valgus) stress test
MCL
patient lies supine with legs straight. the doctor stabilizes the lateral ankle and pushes medial to lateral at the knee
adduction (varus) stress test
which ligament is being tested with the adduction (varus) stress test
LCL
patient lies prone with knees flexed at 90 degrees and the doctor grasps the foot, pushes down and then medially and laterally rotates the foot
apley’s compression test
the patient lies supine with the leg straight. the doctor pushes down on the patella and moves it lateral and medial, palpating for motion
patella ballottement test
positive patella ballottement test
- patella is slow to return to resting position
- there is increased patella movement
- patella feels “spongy”
what could a positive ballottement test indicate
retropatellar effusion or intra-articular knee swelling
the patient lies supine. the doctor lifts the leg and bends the knee to 20 degrees. the doctor then allows the knee to drop into full extension
bounce home test
positive bounce home test
knee pain or inability to fully extend the knee
what could a positive bounce home test indicate
meniscal tear
the patient lies supine and the doctor applies S-I pressure on the top of the patella. the patient then contracts the quadeiceps
clarke’s sign
positive clarke’s sign
retroatellar pain
what could a positive clarke’s sign indicate
chondromalacia patella or degeneration of the patellofemoral joint
patient lies supine with hip and knee flexed to 90 degrees. the doctors rotates the tibia internally with valgus stress while extending the leg. procedure is repeated with external rotation and varus stress.
McMurray sign
positive McMurray sign
pain or crepitus
during McMurray’s when there is internal rotation and valgus stress being placed on the knee, which structure is being stressed
lateral meniscus
during McMurray’s when there is external rotation and varus stress being placed on the knee, which structure is being stressed
medial meniscus
which meniscal tear is more common
medial meniscus
patient lies supine with hip and knee extended. the doctor then does adduction internal rotation, valgus stress and flexes the knee
lateral pivot shift maneuver
the lateral pivot shift maneuver is testing which structure
ACL
patient lies supine with knee flexed at 90 degrees. the doctor pulls the tibia anterior and pushes posterior looking for excess motion
drawer test
purpose of drawer test
checking for ACL or PCL stability
drawer test with patient’s knee flexed at 25 degrees
lachman’s test
which test is said to be most sensitive for testing the stability of the ACL and PCL
lachman’s test
the doctor places one hand on anterior tibia and the other on posterior calcaneous and pulls the foot anterior
anterior drawer sign
