Exam 2 Hindu and Buddhist Art Flashcards
Islamic Art
Yakshi
From one of the Gateways of the Great Stupa, Sanchi
c. 150-50 BCE
Stone
Brahma
South India
late 900s or early 1000s CE
Granite
Kandariya Mahadeva Temple dedicated to Shiva
North India
c. 1050 CE
Shiva Nataraja (Shiva, Lord of the Dance)
South India
11th-12th century
Bronze
Comparison
Yakshi 150-50 BCE Stone
Brahma late 900s or early 1000s CE Granite
Kandariya Mahadeva 1050 CE
Shiva 11th - 12th Century Bronze
Seated Buddha Preaching the First Sermon in the Deer Park
India
5th century CE.
Sandstone
Birth of the Buddha
Pakistan-Afghanistan
late 2nd-early 3rd century CE.
Schist
The Enlightenment of the Buddha
Pakistan-Afghanistan
late 2nd-early 3rd century CE.
Schist
The First Sermon in the Deer Park
Pakistan-Afghanistan
late 2nd-early 3rd century CE.
Schist
Death of the Buddha (Parinirvana)
Pakistan-Afghanistan
late 2nd-early 3rd century CE.
Schist
Comparison
Naratives late 2nd- early 3rd century CE Schist
Seated Buddha 5th century Sandstone
Great Stupa at Sanchi
3rd century BCE/150 BCE
One of the first representations of the Buddha
1st-2nd century CE
Gandhara in modern Pakistan
Gray schist
One of the Colossal Buddhas at Bamiyan
modern Afghanistan
Stone
2nd-5th century CE.
Borobudur
Java
c.800 CE
“Mountain of the Buddhas”
Comparison
First Representation 1st-2nd century CE gray schist
Colossal Buddha 2nd-5th century CE
Gandhara 3rd century/150 BCE
Borobudur 800 CE
Key Aesthetic Concepts: Hindu Art
- Sensualism
- Smooth
- Serene/Impassive
- Three-point Pose
- Dynamism/Energy
- Unified, organic whole
- Visual rhythm
- Balance
Hinduism
Most Hindus believe in an immense unifying force that governs all existence and cannot be completely known by humanity. Individual gods and goddesses are personifications of this cosmic force.
Reincarnation
Samsara
Why are there multiple heads?
Why are there multiple arms?
Four cardinal points
Representation of different ideas/manifestations
Different aspects
Four Goals
According to the Hindu view, there are four goals of life on earth, and each human being should aspire to all four. Everyone should aim for dharma, or righteous living; artha, or wealth acquired through the pursuit of a profession; kama, or human and sexual love; and, finally, moksha, or spiritual salvation.
Shiva Lingam
Lingam (male)
Yoni (female)
Abstract representation of Shiva
Mudras & Symbols
Cosmic Dance
- Ring of Fire = Cyclical Nature of Existence
- Vibrating Drum= Creation of the Universe
- Flame= Destruction
- Hair= Ganges River
- Hand up in gesture of protection
- Raised leg: Liberation
- Stands on Ignorance (or “becoming” that Shiva controls)
Four Noble Truths
- All life is unsatisfactory
- Suffering is caused by desire
- The way to overcome suffering is to overcome desire
- The way to overcome desire is to follow the eightfold path. The eight fold path consists of right views, right intentions, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration.
