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Art Outside the Western Tradition > Exam 2 Hindu and Buddhist Art > Flashcards

Exam 2 Hindu and Buddhist Art Flashcards

Islamic Art

1
Q
A

Yakshi

From one of the Gateways of the Great Stupa, Sanchi

c. 150-50 BCE

Stone

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2
Q
A

Brahma

South India

late 900s or early 1000s CE

Granite

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3
Q
A

Kandariya Mahadeva Temple dedicated to Shiva

North India

c. 1050 CE

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4
Q
A

Shiva Nataraja (Shiva, Lord of the Dance)

South India

11th-12th century

Bronze

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5
Q

Comparison

A

Yakshi 150-50 BCE Stone

Brahma late 900s or early 1000s CE Granite

Kandariya Mahadeva 1050 CE

Shiva 11th - 12th Century Bronze

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6
Q
A

Seated Buddha Preaching the First Sermon in the Deer Park

India

5th century CE.

Sandstone

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7
Q
A

Birth of the Buddha

Pakistan-Afghanistan

late 2nd-early 3rd century CE.

Schist

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8
Q
A

The Enlightenment of the Buddha

Pakistan-Afghanistan

late 2nd-early 3rd century CE.

Schist

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9
Q
A

The First Sermon in the Deer Park

Pakistan-Afghanistan

late 2nd-early 3rd century CE.

Schist

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10
Q
A

Death of the Buddha (Parinirvana)

Pakistan-Afghanistan

late 2nd-early 3rd century CE.

Schist

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11
Q

Comparison

A

Naratives late 2nd- early 3rd century CE Schist

Seated Buddha 5th century Sandstone

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12
Q
A

Great Stupa at Sanchi

3rd century BCE/150 BCE

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13
Q
A

One of the first representations of the Buddha

1st-2nd century CE

Gandhara in modern Pakistan

Gray schist

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14
Q
A

One of the Colossal Buddhas at Bamiyan

modern Afghanistan

Stone

2nd-5th century CE.

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15
Q
A

Borobudur

Java

c.800 CE

“Mountain of the Buddhas”

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16
Q

Comparison

A

First Representation 1st-2nd century CE gray schist

Colossal Buddha 2nd-5th century CE

Gandhara 3rd century/150 BCE

Borobudur 800 CE

17
Q

Key Aesthetic Concepts: Hindu Art

A
  • Sensualism
  • Smooth
  • Serene/Impassive
  • Three-point Pose
  • Dynamism/Energy
  • Unified, organic whole
  • Visual rhythm
  • Balance
18
Q

Hinduism

A

Most Hindus believe in an immense unifying force that governs all existence and cannot be completely known by humanity. Individual gods and goddesses are personifications of this cosmic force.

19
Q

Reincarnation

A

Samsara

20
Q

Why are there multiple heads?

Why are there multiple arms?

A

Four cardinal points

Representation of different ideas/manifestations

Different aspects

21
Q

Four Goals

A

According to the Hindu view, there are four goals of life on earth, and each human being should aspire to all four. Everyone should aim for dharma, or righteous living; artha, or wealth acquired through the pursuit of a profession; kama, or human and sexual love; and, finally, moksha, or spiritual salvation.

22
Q

Shiva Lingam

A

Lingam (male)

Yoni (female)

Abstract representation of Shiva

23
Q

Mudras & Symbols

A

Cosmic Dance

  • Ring of Fire = Cyclical Nature of Existence
  • Vibrating Drum= Creation of the Universe
  • Flame= Destruction
  • Hair= Ganges River
  • Hand up in gesture of protection
  • Raised leg: Liberation
  • Stands on Ignorance (or “becoming” that Shiva controls)
24
Q

Four Noble Truths

A
  • All life is unsatisfactory
  • Suffering is caused by desire
  • The way to overcome suffering is to overcome desire
  • The way to overcome desire is to follow the eightfold path. The eight fold path consists of right views, right intentions, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration.
25
Q

HOW IS THE BUDDHA PORTRAYED?

A
  • Elongated ear lobes
  • Curled hair
  • Downcast eyes
  • Urna—forehead mole (not in this case)
  • Lotus blossom/throne
  • Mudra
  • Ushnisa—cranial bump
  • Position of feet: soles up
  • Signs of an ascetic—bare feet, no elaborate clothing
  • Wheel of Dharma, sometimes shown on soles of feet
26
Q

What happens during the spread of Buddhism?

A

Buddha becomes god-like

Halo incorporated, similarities to greek helenistic style

27
Q

Aniconic form

A

Buddha representedin symbolic form

28
Q

Stupa

A

Shrine not temple

Solid with relics inside

Four entrances at cardinal points

Art Outside the Western Tradition (5 decks)

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