Exam 2 GYT Eyes, ENT, Cards, Resp Flashcards
Get you thinking and objectives
What is excessive cupping of the optic disc?
Is a backward depression of the disc. Caused by IOP which leades to cupping and atrophy.
Bacterial Conjunctivitis.
-KEY FINDING-Erythemia in one or both eyes, then moving to both and yellow-green prulent discharge, encrusted and matted eyelids on awakening. -Burning, stinging or itching and feeling of foreign body. -Petechiae on bulbar conjunct. SX of URI, OM and Acute pharyngitis. -Contageous, H.influenzae. -MOST COMMON ORGANISM ISOLATED IN CHILD <7.
Viral Conjunctivitis.
-KEY FINDING- Tearing and profuse clear, watery DC, Fever, headache, anorexia, malaise, UR sx(pharyngitis-conjunct-fever triad w/adenovirus. Pharyngitis with enlarged Pre-auri nodes. -Itchy, red swollen conjunc. Hyperemia (increased blood flow) and swollen eyelids. -Photophobia, herpetic vesicles on eyelid and eyelashed. -Caused by Adenovirus or herpes. more common in children >6y.
Allergic Conjunctivitis
4 types: Hay fever-associated Conjunct; Vernal Conjunctivitis, Atopic keratonconjunctivitis and giant papillary conjunct. -KEY FINDING-severe itching and tearing. -Hay fever Assoc-mild injection and swelling with environmental allergens, nasal congestion. -Vernal Conj-More severe, peak in 10-12yom, warm weather prevalent. -Atopic conjunctivitis-occurs in pple with atopic dermatitis or asthma affecting the lower tarsal conjunct. Late adolescence. Significant itching, burning and tearing chronic. -Giant papillary-Most often in contact lens wearers. occurs 10 or more times
TX for Viral, Bacterial and Allergic Conjunctivitis.
-Viral-(self limiting) warm compress, antihistamine opth solu. if HSV refer to opth specalist. -Bacterial-(self limiting) topical abx in eye, broad spect abx if you MUST. with lowest resistance rate. -Allergic-Prevention is best, avoid allergens. saline solution artifical tears. topical decong, NSAID
What is the abnormal fundoscopic finding of AV Nicking?
Vein appears to stop abruptly on either side of the artery. at the AV crossing points the arteries indent and displace veins.
Why is red relex important what is white reflex of the eyes?
Red reflex helps to detect the presence of asymmetric refractive errors, strabismic deviations and abnormalitis in the ocular media (cataracts, corneal abn, retinoblastoma). thse disease block the light from entering or exiting the pupil. -White reflex is what you would see in the absence of the red reflex. (abnormal finding). Small children could indicate blindness.
What is uveitis?
Uveitis is a form of eye inflammation. It affects the middle layer of tissue in the eye wall (uvea). It consists of the iris, the ciliary body and the choroid and is the soruce of deep blood flow to retina. SX come on quickly and get worse quickly! Eye redness Eye pain Light sensitivity Blurred vision Dark, floating spots in your field of vision (floaters) Decreased vision -If not cared for can cause Glaucoma Cataracts Optic nerve damage Retinal detachment Permanent vision loss
What is corneal infection?
Keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea — the clear, dome-shaped tissue on the front of your eye that covers the pupil and iris. Keratitis is sometimes caused by an infection involving bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Noninfectious keratitis can be caused by a minor injury, contaminated water, wearing your contact lenses too long or other noninfectious diseases. -SS Eye redness Eye pain Excess tears or other discharge from your eye Difficulty opening your eyelid because of pain or irritation Blurred vision Decreased vision Sensitivity to light (photophobia) A feeling that something is in your eye -PREVENTION IS KEY!!
What is anterior epistaxis? What usually causes it?
Nosebleed in the Anterior aspect of nose where the majority of bleeds occur. Usually caused by trauma, vigorous nose blowing, nasal dryness and foreign body. Less sever than posterior.
What is Menieres Disease?
Is vertigo with hearing loss and nystagmus. Sudden onset. Causes sensorineural hearing loss which recurs and progresses. Tinnitus is present and pressure or fullness in the ear, n/v.
How can you assess hearing loss from Menieres?
Tuning fork tests: Webber and Rinne. These test for sensorineural loss which is what happens in Menieres disease.
What does the Webber test do?
Tests for Lateralization. In unilateral conductive hearing loss sound is heard in (lateralized to) the impaired ear.
In Unilateral Sensorineural hearing loss sound is heard in the good ear.
The Weber tuning test lateralizes to the affected ear.
TRUE.
The Rinne test reveals that air exceeds bone conduction?
FALSE. In conductive hearing loss bone conduction exceeds air conduction.(BC>AC) In sensorineural hearing loss sound is heard longer through the air. (AC>BC)
