Exam 2 flashcards
What two realities allow for the possessors to possess the chairs on the ship?
- The privileged have a superior capacity for organization
- reciprocity bears legitimacy
What role did Hitler rise to in the NSDAP?
Party leader and Speaker at public events
What was the SA?
defensive attack group of the NSDAP
Why were the SA allowed to exist?
Bayern had a right leaning government
What was the NSDAP’s first attempt to gain government power?
Beerhall Putsch
What were the results of the Beerhall Putsch?
-Hilter imprisoned
-the disbanding of NSDAP
How did the Federal government and Local government differ politically?
-Fed-Left leaning
-Local-right leaning
What was the NSDAP’s second attempt to gain government power?
legal power through the legal system (get into parliament)
Describe the Nazi Party
-1st party of the masses
-No particular program
-Pro-german, anti-Semitic, anti-treaty of Versailles
What made the Nazi Party votes rise in 1930?
-Great Depression
-Permanent crisis of Democracy
-Radicalization (diminishing political center)
-Organization (appeal to upper and middle class)
Who was Hindenburg?
-Big WWI General
-Stab in the Back Legend
-He is old
Powers of the President
- can dissolve Parliament
- Emergency Ordinances
-pass decrees in an emergency
How did Hitler campaign his presidency?
-“Hitler über Deutschland”
-Airplane Campaigns, 20 speeches a week
How did Hitler present himself to the voters?
as a people’s man
Who wins the 1932 Presidency Election?
Hindenburg with less than 50%
Who are in Hindenburg’s Camarilla?
Franz von Papen (conservative)
-Kurt von Schleicher (military conservative)
What does Schleicher want to do with the dissolved SS & SA?
establish new military government
Who becomes Chancellor after Brüning resigns?
Franz von Papen
elections July 1932- What happens when Hitler refuses to create a coalition?
New Gov. forced to run by minority through emergency ordinances–> issues w/finances
After the constitutional crisis and new elections who becomes chancellor?
Schleicher
Why did the Nov 1932 election percentage for the NSDAP go down?
-difficult to mobilize voters -NSDAP did not do much
-Structural patterns in history (up and down)
How did the lower percentage impact the NSDAP?
they took action and formed a coalition
JAN 30 1933
Hitler becomes chancellor
Meaning of “We have hired him”?
-hitler is no threat
-he can be fired just as quickly
-they expect him to abide by their rules
Who organizes the march through the Brandenburg Tür?
Goebbels
How many seats did the Nazis hold in the cabinet?
3 out of 9
What seats did the Nazis hold in the cabinet?
Chancellor, Secretary of Interior, and Secretary without a portfolio (later Prussian Governor)
Why were these seats key Nazi power?
Prussia-half of Germany
Secretary of Interior- had control over police and homeland security
Who was the Secretary of the interior?
Wilhelm Frick
Who was the Governor of Prussia?
Göring
Main points of the new government proclamation
-strength through unity
-democracy failed
-fighting for Germany
-restoration to former glory
-4 years of blind support, trust, and unquestioned power
-dictatorship
What are the two decrees and one law that lead to totalitarianism?
Protection of the German people, Fire decree, and the Enabling Act
Main points of the 1st decree?
-political events must be approved 48 hours in advance by the Police
-no public donations to political causes
-censorship of media
-can be confiscated and forbidden
Affects of the 1st Decree
GENERAL PARTY FOCUS
-weakens SPD and Communist parties
(they collect funds from the public)
-Nazis control the media and what people can see
-many people begin to migrate
NSDAP Advantages over other parties
-Funding from private donors
-broadcasting of speeches
-support from the police
-SA &SS as auxiliary police in Prussia
What leads to the creation of the Fire Decree?
Reichstag is set on fire
Decree two
FOCUSED ON INDIVIDUALS
violation of basic rights,
-no privacy of home,
-no freedom of speech,
- state governments can be fired by federal government
-life imprisonment becomes death penalty
Who do the decrees target?
Communists & Social Democrats
How do the conservatives and the Nazis get 2/3rds vote to change the constitution?
-Communists are barred from voting
-SPD threatened with arrest if they vote
-Concessions to the Vatican (Con cor da)
When were the communists banned?
Day after the Nazi Party came to power
Problems with the Enabling Act?
-no checks and balances
-Legislation becomes irrelevant
Article 1(Enabling Act)
-2/3rds no longer required to pass laws
cabinet has the power to pass laws
Article 2
laws can go against the constitution as long as it does not affect the federal government
Article 3
Chancellor holds power and propagates the legislation and Reich cabinet enacts and executes them
Article 4
Cabinet can assume Power of domestic and international affairs
Article 5 (most important)
law only becomes void after four years if the cabinet is controlled by another party or if Hitler is replaced
