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Human Comprehensive Pharmacology 406 > Exam 2 Drugs > Flashcards

Exam 2 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Noncompetitive (meaning it will have a slow on set of action)
Administered orally
Irreversible antagonist b/c it has an active metabolite that forms a covalent bond
Decreases vascular resistance?
Decrease supine and BP?
Treats hypertension patients w/ pheochromocytoma (a tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes huge amount of catecholamines)
Also used during surgery to control hypertension

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2
Q

Phentolamine

A

Competitive (immediate on set of action)
Administered intravenously = produces vasodilation (opens up the vessels) decreasing BP
Reversible antagonist
Treats acute hypertension by the alpha agonist
used to counter act localized ischemia (inadequate blood supply to an organ)
Increase HR block alpha 2 receptor

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3
Q

Prazosin

A

Selective alpha 1 antagonist
Calcium Channel Blocker
Relaxes the vascular and other SM (urethra, urinary bladder, and prostate)
Produces vasodilation (expands vessels) = decrease BP
Treat primary hypertension
Doesn’t increase HR it doesnt block alpha 2 receptor
Causes less tachycardia than phentolamine

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4
Q

Doxazosin

A

Selective alpha 1 antagonist
Treats lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic (prostate alpha 1) hyperplasia
Drug blocks alpha 1 receptor on prostate which allow SM to relax and allows urination

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5
Q

Terazosin

A

Selective alpha 1 antagonist

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6
Q

Alfuzosin

A

Selective alpha 1 antagonist
Treats lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Drug blocks alpha 1 receptor on prostate which allow SM to relax and allows urination

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7
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Selective alpha 1 antagonist
Treats lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Drug blocks alpha 1 receptor on prostate which allow SM to relax and allows urination

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8
Q

Siiodosin

A

Selective alpha 1 antagonist

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9
Q

Nadolol

A

Beta nonselective antagonist

inhibits renin secretion?

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10
Q

Pinodolol

A

Beta nonselective antagonist

Inhibits renin secretion?

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11
Q

Propranolol

A

Beta 1 nonselective antagonist (block beta 1 and 2)
Administered orally or parentally
used for hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmias, migraines, and angina pectoris
Decrease HR and cardiac output

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12
Q

Timolol

A

Beta 1 nonselective antagonist (block beta 1 and 2)

Administered as an eye drop for glaucoma

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13
Q

Carteolol

A

Beta nonselective antagonist

Inhibits renin secretion?

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14
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Muscarinic receptor agonists (helps flow)
Site of action is the trabecular meshwork
Stimulates the contraction of meridional ciliary muscle fibers (the eye)

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15
Q

Atenolol

A

Selective beta 1 blocker (block beta 2)
Block beta 2 receptors in the lungs, liver, and vascular SM to avoid beta 2 adverse effects (bronchoconstriction, hypoglycemia, decrease in peripheral blood flow)
Treat hypertension, angina pectoris, and acute myocardial infarction
Decrease HR and cardiac output

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16
Q

Metroprolol

A

Selective beta 1 blocker (block beta 2)
Block beta 2 receptors in the lungs, liver, and vascular SM to avoid beta 2 adverse effects (bronchoconstriction, hypoglycemia, decrease in peripheral blood flow)
Treat hypertension, angina pectoris, and acute myocardial infarction
Decrease HR and cardiac output

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17
Q

Esmolol

A

Selective beta 1 blocker
Administered parentally
Decrease HR and cardiac output

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18
Q

Carvedilol

A

Beta 3 nonselective antagonists (block alpha 1, beta 1 and 2)
Calcium Channel Blocker
Administered orally
Reduce ventricular wall tension and oxygen demand

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19
Q

Labetalol

A

Beta 3 nonselective antagonists (block alpha 1, beta 1, and 2)
Administered orally

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20
Q

Verapamil

A

Direct acting vasodilators
Calcium channel blocker use for SM and heart
Affect cardio myocytes
Target both vascular and cardiac tissue, reduce HR and cardiac output
Reduces ventricular wall tension and oxygen demand
Decrease afterload
Reduces digoxin clearance and increases serum digoxin levels by inhibiting P-glycoprotein mediated renal excretion

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21
Q

Diltiazem

A

Direct acting vasodilators
Calcium channel blocker use for SM and heart
Affect cardio myocytes
Target both vascular and cardiac tissue, reduce HR and cardiac output
Reduces ventricular wall tension and oxygen demand
Decrease afterload
Reduces digoxin clearance
Increases serum digoxin levels by inhibiting P-glycoprotein mediated renal excretion

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22
Q

Hydralazine

A

Direct acting vasodilators
CCB
Inhibits IP3 induced calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Favors relaxation
Decreases BP
Increases HR, SV, and CO
Dilate arterioles NOT veins (affects after load)
Reduces ventricular wall tension and oxygen demand

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23
Q

LosarTAN

A

Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist

Block angiotensin 2 in SM and adrenal medulla

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24
Q

ValsarTAN

A

Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist

Block angiotensin 2 in SM and adrenal medulla

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25
Q

CandesarTAN

A

Angiotensin receptor antagonist

Block angiotensin 2 in SM and adrenal medulla

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26
Q

Clonidine

A

Central acting sympatholytics

27
Q

Methyldopa

A

Central acting sympatholytics

28
Q

Guanfacine

A

Central acting sympatholytics

29
Q

CaptoPRIL

A

ACE inhibitors
in the lungs
Block formation of angiotensin 2 and inhibits the breakdown of bradykinin (vasodilator)
Adverse effects: fetal injury during 2nd & 3rd trimester/ dry cough & angioedema (swelling of skin) due to bradykinin accumulation

30
Q

EnalaPRIL

A

ACE inhibitors
in the lungs
Block formation of angiotensin 2 and inhibits the breakdown of bradykinin (vasodilator)
Adverse effects: fetal injury during 2nd & 3rd trimester/ dry cough & angioedema (swelling of skin) due to bradykinin accumulation

31
Q

LisinoPRIL

A

ACE inhibitors
in the lungs
Block formation of angiotensin 2 and inhibits the breakdown of bradykinin (vasodilator)
Adverse effects: fetal injury during 2nd & 3rd trimester/ dry cough & angioedema (swelling of skin) due to bradykinin accumulation

32
Q

Aliskiren

A

Direct renin inhibitors

inhibits formation of angiotensin 1

33
Q

HydrochlorothiaziDE

A 
Diuretics
Increase sodium excretion
Decrease blood volume
Treat high blood pressure and edema
Has side effects
Increase blood sugar levels
Precipitate or worsen diabetes
Patients allergic to sulfa drugs might be allergic to this drug
34
Q

IndapamiDE

A

Diuretics
Increase sodium excretion
Decrease blood volume

35
Q

AmiloriDE

A

Diuretics
Increase sodium excretion
Decrease blood volume
Inward diffusion of Na+ through the sodium channel
Drives reabsorption of Cl- and efflux of K+

36
Q

AmlodiPINE

A

Calcium channel blocker (Dihydropyridines only target SM)
Cause reflex tachycardia
Reduces ventricular wall tension and oxygen demand
Reduce afterload

37
Q

NifediPINE

A

Calcium channel blocker (Dihydropyridines only target SM)
Cause reflex tachycardia
Reduces ventricular wall tension and oxygen demand
Reduce afterload

38
Q

Minoxidil

A

A potent direct acting peripheral vasodilator
Reduces peripheral resistance and lowers BP
Dilate arterioles NOT veins (affects after load)
Active metabolite Minoxidil Sulfate increase membrane permeability when the potassium channels open contracting the muscles less.
Improves hair follicles
No phase 1 rxn

39
Q

Preload

A

Veins (to heart)
Dilation of veins
Decrease venous pressure, cardiac filing pressure, and ventricular DIASTOLIC pressure

40
Q

Afterload

A 
Arteries (away from heart)
Dilation of arteries
Decrease arterial and aortic pressure
Reduces ventricular SYSTOLIC pressure
CCB and nitrates reduce afterload = no contractions
41
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Organic nitrate/nitrate (acts on venous tissue in the heart)
Administered sublingual
Nitrate tolerance
Undergoes 1st pass inactivation

42
Q

Amyl nitrate

A

Organic nitrate/nitrate (acts on venous tissue in the heart)
Potent vasodilator
Nitrate tolerance
Undergoes 1st pass inactivation

43
Q

Isosorbide dinitrate

A

Organic nitrate/nitrate (acts on venous tissue in the heart)
Administered sublingual
Nitrate tolerance
Undergoes 1st pass inactivation

44
Q

Doxorubicin

A

Anti-cancer drug

The use of this drug could cause heart failure

45
Q

Digoxin

A

Positive inotropic drug
Treatment for heart failure
Increase cardiac contractility by increasing calcium in cardiac myoctyes
Digoxin inhibits ATpase (sodium pump) = increase in sodium in the SR
Sodium allows for more calcium in enter the cell = increase in contractility by shortening muscle fibers
Increase SV and CO = increase preload
Long half life
Low therapeutic index
P-glycoprotein pumps digoxin into the urine
Increases parasympathetic activity
Decreases sympathetic activity

46
Q

Dobutamine

A

Positive inotropic drug
Beta 1 agonist
Treatment for heart failure
Increase cardiac contractility by increasing calcium in cardiac myocytes
Increase calcium influx by increasing cAMP
Short half life

47
Q

Milrinone

A

Positive inotropic drug
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
“inodilators”
Treatment for heart failure
Increase cardiac contractility by increasing calcium in cardiac myocytes
Increase calcium influx by increasing cAMP

48
Q

Hockey stick configuration

A

ST segment depression

49
Q

Anatacids

A

Can reduce the absorption of digoxin and decrease its therapeutic effect
Administer separately by 2 hours

50
Q

Cholestryamine

A

Can reduce the absorption of digoxin and decrease its therapeutic effect
Administer separately by 2 hours

51
Q

Quinidine

A

Reduce digoxin clearance and increase serum digoxin levels by inhibiting P-glycoprotein mediated renal excretion

52
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Diuretics
Used for altitude sickness
Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitor
Sodium bicarbonate is inhibited in the proximal tubule

53
Q

Canagliflozin

A

Diuretics

54
Q

Mannitol

A

Diuretics

Osmotic agent

55
Q

Urearetics

A

Diuretics

Osmotic agent

56
Q

Furosemide

A

Diuretics
Loop agent
Inhibits reabsorption of sodium in the thick ascending limb = produces a greater diuresis

57
Q

Thiazides

A

Diuretics

58
Q

Aldosterone antagonists

A

Diuretics

59
Q

Anti-Diuretic Hormone antagonists

A

Attracts water from adjacent collecting duct

Increases urine concentration

60
Q

Adenosine

A

Diuretics

61
Q

Loop of Henle

A

Reabsorption of filtered sodium chloride
Calcium and Magnesium are reabsorbed
Enables urine to be concentrated by transporting sodium chloride into surrounding interstitium

62
Q

Triamterene

A 
Diuretic
Treat high blood and edema
Side effects
Increase blood sugar levels
Precipitate or worsens diabetes
63
Q

Spironolactone

A

Potassium Sparing Diuretic

Acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules

Human Comprehensive Pharmacology 406 (2 decks)

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