EXAM 2 - DM PHARM Flashcards
What is the primary goal of diabetic pharmacology?
prevent hyperglycemia and decrease chance of long term complications
What are the different types of insulin?
rapid acting (logs)
short acting (human regular)
intermediate acting (NPH)
long acting (glargine)
What is the peak, onset, and duration of rapid?
15 min
1 hour
3 hours
15 min felt like 1 hour in 3 rapid responses
What is the peak, onset, and duration of short?
30 min
2 hours
8 hours
short staffed nurses went from 30 patients 2 8 patients
What is the peak, onset, and duration of intermediate?
2 hours
8 hours
16 hours
nurses played hero 2 8 16 year olds
What is the peak, onset, and duration of long?
2 hours
70 minutes
24 hours
two long nursing shifts never peaked but lasted 24 hours
What are the injection sites for insulin?
backs of arms, thighs, stomach
What do insulin pumps do?
give a basal infusion of regular insulin
Somogyi effect
too much insulin
hypoglycemia around 0300
cause hyperglycemia and ketosis in AM
Dawn phenomenon
hyperglycemia in the morning
sulfonylureas MOA
“izide”
bind and close K-aATP channels in pancreas = stimulate secretion of insulin
sulfonylureas SE
hypoglycemia
biguanides (metformin) MOA
decreases production of glucose in liver
When should you hold metformin?
48 hours post IV contrast usage
What are the incretin hormones and what do they do?
GLP-1 and GIP
stimulate a decrease in blood glucose
What does DPP-4 do?
inactivates both GLP-1 and GIP
GLP-1 Receptor agonists MOA
“glutide”
enhances glucose dependent insulin secretion, suppresses appetite, slows gastric emptying
GLP-1 agonist black box warning
risk of thyroid tumors
DPP4 inhibitor MOA
“gliptin”
inhibits DPP4, increases insulin, reduces glucagon, decreases liver glucose, slows digestion
sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SLGT2) inhibitors
“gliflozin”
MOA: prevents kidneys from reabsorbing glucose back into the blood
SLGT2 inhibitors SE
UTIs
