Exam #2 - Dixon

Question 1

Rheumatoid arthritis occurs when the immune system attacks what?

Answer 1

the synovium

Question 2

What is the difference between Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 2

Osteoarthritis occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones in your joints gradually deteriorates

Rheumatoid Arthritis occurs when your immune system attacks the synovium

Question 3

What is Osteoporosis?

Answer 3

causes bone to become weak and brittle., occurs when the creation of new bone doesn’t keep up with the loss of the old bone

Question 4

What is a fracture

Answer 4

is a broken bone, condition that changes the contour (shape) of the bone

Question 5

What is Spinal Stenosis

Answer 5

is a narrowing of the spaces within the spine, which can put pressure on the nerves that travel through the spine

Question 6

Mention What causes Spinal Stenosis

Answer 6

• Overgrowth of bone
• Herniated disk
• Thickening ligaments
• Tumors
• Spinal injuries

Question 7

What an Orthopedic Surgeon do?

Answer 7

They specialize on injuries and diseases of your body’s musculoskeletal system, includes bones, joints, ligaments, tendons muscles and nerves

Question 8

What is a Podiatrist, and what they do?

Answer 8

A physician and surgeon who treats the foot, ankle and related structure of the leg, they can do surgery, reset bones, prescribe drugs, and order lab test or X-rays

Question 9

Ways to diagnose Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 9

• Physical exam:
• Lab test
• Imaging

Question 10

How do you Diagnose Osteoporosis

Answer 10

DEXA Scan or Bone Density Scan they measures bone mineral density using x-ray absorptiometry or bone densitometry

Question 11

What skill nursing facilities do?

Answer 11

• Provide inpatient skilled and license care 24/7 – nursing, therapy, physician evaluation
• They’re certified by Medicare/Medicaid
• Provide assistance with ADL’s

Question 12

Mention the top 5 reasons for SNF admission:

Answer 12

• Urinary tract infection
• Pneumonia
• After care for joint surgery
• Sepsis
• Stroke

Question 13

Mention the characteristics of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Answer 13

• Is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord
• The brain loses its ability to initiate and control muscle movement. people may lose the ability to speak, eat, move and breathe

Question 14

Which condition occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones in the joints gradually deteriorates?

Answer 14

Osteoarthritis

Question 15

A patient that is suffering from osteoarthritis in the hip joint and thinks they need to have surgery is likely to visit which physician?

Answer 15

Orthopedic surgeon

Question 16

What do rheumatologists treat?

Answer 16

A rheumatologist diagnose and treats arthritis and other diseases of the joints, muscles, and bones.

Question 17

What does a DEXA Scan do and how it works?

Answer 17

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is a machine that measures bone density using spectral imaging. Two X-ray beams, with different energy levels, are aimed at the patient’s bones.

When soft tissue absorption is subtracted out, the bone density can be determined from the absorption of each beam by bone

Question 18

True or False: Hyaluronic acid can be injected into a joint suffering from osteoarthritis.

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

What procedure is performed when the surgeon adds or removes bone to shift the body’s weight away from the worn-out portion of a joint?

Answer 19

Osteotomy

Question 20

What is a laminotomy?

Answer 20

is a procedure that removes part of the lamina of a vertebral arch in order to relieve pressure in the vertebral canal.

Question 21

True or False: Biologic agents are one type of non-invasive treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

What is the condition called when nerves in the esophagus become damaged causing the esophagus to become paralyzed and dilated over time?

Answer 22

Achalasia

Question 23

Gastroparesis is a condition that affects what?

Answer 23

the normal spontaneous movement of the muscles in the stomach

Question 24

The physician specialty that treats the normal function and diseases of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon and rectum, pancreas, gallbladder, bile ducts and liver is what?

Answer 24

Gastroenterologist

Question 25

When performing a swallow study under fluoroscopy, the patient will most likely be asked to drink what?

Answer 25

Barium

Question 26

How is nuclear medicine used to diagnose gastroparesis?

Answer 26

With the help of technology, there’s a machine which is a Hybrid between a CT scan and a nuclear camera, to diagnose gastroparesis a patient eats a small meal that contains an small amount of radioactive material, then the scanner detects the movement of the radioactive material that is placed in a patient’s abdomen to monitor the rate of food leaving the stomach

Question 27

The LINX device is used to treat what illness?

Answer 27

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Question 28

True or False: Gallstones form from hardened deposits of white blood cells.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

Identify two differences between ulcerative colitis and Chron’s disease.

Answer 29

1) In Chron’s disease, there are healthy parts of the intestine mixed between the inflamed areas, ulcerative colitis in the other hand is continuous inflammation of the colon
2) Ulcerative colitis only affects the inner most lining of the colon, while Chron’s disease can occur in all the layers of the bowel walls

Question 30

True or False: A colonoscopy is performed with a colonoscope and examines the colon and small intestine.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

A proctocolectomy is a surgical procedure to remove what?

Answer 31

all the colon and the rectum

Question 32

What is Gastroparesis

Answer 32

is a disease in which the stomach cannot empty itself of food in a normal fashion.