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Gerontological Nursing NUR304 (12/22) > Exam 2: Dementia, Nutrition, Sleep > Flashcards

Exam 2: Dementia, Nutrition, Sleep Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between delirium and dementia?

A

delirium is generally reversible, while dementia is irreversible and progressive

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2
Q

What can be a cause of delirium?

A

A UTI

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3
Q

What is the most common form of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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4
Q

what are possible causes Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Genetics

Environmental factors (chemical use-farmers)

free radicals (radiation)

levels of aluminum and mercury in brain (from food/water)

slow-acting virus (covid)

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5
Q

How do you stage Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Global Deterioration Scale/Functional Assessment Staging (GDS/FAST)

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6
Q

what is the cure and treatment for Alzheimer’s disease?

A

None

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7
Q

How do you treat symptoms for Alzheimer’s disease?

A

antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12, and gene therapy

medications that slow acetylcholinesterase

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8
Q

What is vascular dementia

A

dementia caused by brain damage from impaired blood flow to the brain

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9
Q

what does frontotemporal dementia?

A

Damage to the frontal lobe

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10
Q

What is Lewy body dementia?

A

Progressive protein deposits in the brain, Robin Williams had this

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11
Q

what is creutzfeldt-jakob disease?

A

a neurodegenerative disease that is rapid & fatal. 1 year to live after diagnosed and is pretty rare

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12
Q

What is Wernick encephalopathy?

A

lack of vitamin B1 (alcohol abuse, malnutrition) that has acute and chronic stages and affects usually alcoholics. Bruce Willis had this.

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13
Q

What is Parkinson’s disease?

A

when nerves selves in ganglia die, affect dopamine production that call causes uncontrolled movement. Treatment include increase of dopamine levels in the brain. Muhammad Ali had this

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14
Q

what is aids?

A

damaged immune system that causes death within three years, Abraham Lincoln had this 

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15
Q

How do you insure a patient safety with dementia 

A

Use items to trigger memory such as colors/pictures

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16
Q

What are CAM therapies?

A

nutritional supplements such as vitamins and herbs

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17
Q

What is dyspareunia?

A

painful intercourse

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18
Q

what is menopause

A

the permanent cessation of menses for at-least 1 year

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19
Q

what is perimenopause

A

several years prior to the onset of menopause

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20
Q

what is postmenopause

A

time beginning 12 months after the last menstrual cycle

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21
Q

What is a popular menopause and hormone therapy

A

women’s health initiative: estrogen and progestin increased heart risks. estrogen alone less risk

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22
Q

what happens if women take longer to take estrogen during menopause

A

longer the wait, greater the chance of heart attack

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23
Q

what is andropause

A

testosterone levels decline in men

24
Q

does andropause occur in all men?

A

no

25
Q

what are causes of erectile dysfunction

A

artherosclerosis, DIABETES, hypertension, thyroid dysfunction, alcoholism, renal failure

26
Q

what is hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

A

replacement of estrogen and/or progestin hormone that is no longer being made by the body

27
Q

What is dysphagja?

A

difficulty swallowing

28
Q

what is transfer dysphasia?

A

difficulty moving food from the mouth to the esophagus

29
Q

what is transport dysphagia?

A

difficultly moving food from mouth down the esophagus

30
Q

what is delivery dysphagia?

A

difficulty moving food from the esophagus into the stomach

31
Q

define anorexia

A

loss of appetite

32
Q

True or false: older adults have reduced need for calories

A

True

33
Q

What percentage of calories should a dietary fat intake be

A

30%

34
Q

What macro nutrient is most important in the nutrition pyramid?

A

Soluble, fiber

35
Q

what disease presents itself when there is a deficiency in calcium

A

Osteoporosis

36
Q

what factor is utilized to determine caloric intake for older adults using the Harris Benedict equation

A

Age, height, weight, and gender

37
Q

What is the minimal required fluid intake for older adults and why?

A

1500 mL, to decrease chance of UTI

38
Q

what are older adult diapers called?

A

Depends

39
Q

what can dysphasia lead to

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, which starts at age 50

40
Q

What causes constipation?

A

slower peristalsis, inactivity, medication, side effects, and decreases fiber and fluids

41
Q

 Define, insomnia

A

Inability to fall asleep, difficulty, staying asleep, or premature waking

42
Q

define nocturnal myoclonus

A

A condition characterized by at least five legged jerks or movement per hour during sleep

43
Q

define restless leg syndrome

A

Neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs when one lies down

44
Q

Define sleep apnea

A

disorder in which at least five episodes of cessation of breathing lasting at least 10 seconds occur per hour sleep, accompanied by daytime sleepiness 

45
Q

define cessation of breathing

A

Stop breathing

46
Q

in which people does sleep apnea, often happen in

A

Obese people that usually have diabetes, or hypertension, or some sort of cardiac disorder

47
Q

Define sleep latency

A

Delay in the onset of sleep

48
Q

define phase advance

A

Find asleep earlier in the evening in awaking earlier in the morning

49
Q

What is the pattern of sleep stages in older adults?

A

Older adults shift in and out of stage one and stage two sleep. They also have a decline in time spent in deeper stages such as three and four sleep.

50
Q

BUN levels for someone dehydrated

A

> 24 mg/dl. Usually 35mg/dl

51
Q

How to dress someone with Alzheimer’s

A

EXPLAIN what you are doing. Lay out clothes in the order in which they’ll be put on

52
Q

calcium levels in someone with emphysema

A

increased

53
Q

how often do we take a person with dementia to the bathroom

A

every 2 hours

54
Q

what is the temperature of the water when bathing someone who is immobile

A

43.3c 110f

55
Q

when

A

nenene

Gerontological Nursing NUR304 (12/22) (1 decks)

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