Exam 2: Dementia, Nutrition, Sleep

Question 1

What is the difference between delirium and dementia?

Answer 1

delirium is generally reversible, while dementia is irreversible and progressive

Question 2

What can be a cause of delirium?

Answer 2

A UTI

Question 3

What is the most common form of dementia?

Answer 3

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 4

what are possible causes Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 4

Genetics

Environmental factors (chemical use-farmers)

free radicals (radiation)

levels of aluminum and mercury in brain (from food/water)

slow-acting virus (covid)

Question 5

How do you stage Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 5

Global Deterioration Scale/Functional Assessment Staging (GDS/FAST)

Question 6

what is the cure and treatment for Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 6

None

Question 7

How do you treat symptoms for Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 7

antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12, and gene therapy

medications that slow acetylcholinesterase

Question 8

What is vascular dementia

Answer 8

dementia caused by brain damage from impaired blood flow to the brain

Question 9

what does frontotemporal dementia?

Answer 9

Damage to the frontal lobe

Question 10

What is Lewy body dementia?

Answer 10

Progressive protein deposits in the brain, Robin Williams had this

Question 11

what is creutzfeldt-jakob disease?

Answer 11

a neurodegenerative disease that is rapid & fatal. 1 year to live after diagnosed and is pretty rare

Question 12

What is Wernick encephalopathy?

Answer 12

lack of vitamin B1 (alcohol abuse, malnutrition) that has acute and chronic stages and affects usually alcoholics. Bruce Willis had this.

Question 13

What is Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 13

when nerves selves in ganglia die, affect dopamine production that call causes uncontrolled movement. Treatment include increase of dopamine levels in the brain. Muhammad Ali had this

Question 14

what is aids?

Answer 14

damaged immune system that causes death within three years, Abraham Lincoln had this 

Question 15

How do you insure a patient safety with dementia 

Answer 15

Use items to trigger memory such as colors/pictures

Question 16

What are CAM therapies?

Answer 16

nutritional supplements such as vitamins and herbs

Question 17

What is dyspareunia?

Answer 17

painful intercourse

Question 18

what is menopause

Answer 18

the permanent cessation of menses for at-least 1 year

Question 19

what is perimenopause

Answer 19

several years prior to the onset of menopause

Question 20

what is postmenopause

Answer 20

time beginning 12 months after the last menstrual cycle

Question 21

What is a popular menopause and hormone therapy

Answer 21

women’s health initiative: estrogen and progestin increased heart risks. estrogen alone less risk

Question 22

what happens if women take longer to take estrogen during menopause

Answer 22

longer the wait, greater the chance of heart attack

Question 23

what is andropause

Answer 23

testosterone levels decline in men

Question 24

does andropause occur in all men?

Answer 24

no

Question 25

what are causes of erectile dysfunction

Answer 25

artherosclerosis, DIABETES, hypertension, thyroid dysfunction, alcoholism, renal failure

Question 26

what is hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Answer 26

replacement of estrogen and/or progestin hormone that is no longer being made by the body

Question 27

What is dysphagja?

Answer 27

difficulty swallowing

Question 28

what is transfer dysphasia?

Answer 28

difficulty moving food from the mouth to the esophagus

Question 29

what is transport dysphagia?

Answer 29

difficultly moving food from mouth down the esophagus

Question 30

what is delivery dysphagia?

Answer 30

difficulty moving food from the esophagus into the stomach

Question 31

define anorexia

Answer 31

loss of appetite

Question 32

True or false: older adults have reduced need for calories

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What percentage of calories should a dietary fat intake be

Answer 33

30%

Question 34

What macro nutrient is most important in the nutrition pyramid?

Answer 34

Soluble, fiber

Question 35

what disease presents itself when there is a deficiency in calcium

Answer 35

Osteoporosis

Question 36

what factor is utilized to determine caloric intake for older adults using the Harris Benedict equation

Answer 36

Age, height, weight, and gender

Question 37

What is the minimal required fluid intake for older adults and why?

Answer 37

1500 mL, to decrease chance of UTI

Question 38

what are older adult diapers called?

Answer 38

Depends

Question 39

what can dysphasia lead to

Answer 39

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, which starts at age 50

Question 40

What causes constipation?

Answer 40

slower peristalsis, inactivity, medication, side effects, and decreases fiber and fluids

Question 41

 Define, insomnia

Answer 41

Inability to fall asleep, difficulty, staying asleep, or premature waking

Question 42

define nocturnal myoclonus

Answer 42

A condition characterized by at least five legged jerks or movement per hour during sleep

Question 43

define restless leg syndrome

Answer 43

Neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs when one lies down

Question 44

Define sleep apnea

Answer 44

disorder in which at least five episodes of cessation of breathing lasting at least 10 seconds occur per hour sleep, accompanied by daytime sleepiness 

Question 45

define cessation of breathing

Answer 45

Stop breathing

Question 46

in which people does sleep apnea, often happen in

Answer 46

Obese people that usually have diabetes, or hypertension, or some sort of cardiac disorder

Question 47

Define sleep latency

Answer 47

Delay in the onset of sleep

Question 48

define phase advance

Answer 48

Find asleep earlier in the evening in awaking earlier in the morning

Question 49

What is the pattern of sleep stages in older adults?

Answer 49

Older adults shift in and out of stage one and stage two sleep. They also have a decline in time spent in deeper stages such as three and four sleep.

Question 50

BUN levels for someone dehydrated

Answer 50

>24 mg/dl. Usually 35mg/dl

Question 51

How to dress someone with Alzheimer’s

Answer 51

EXPLAIN what you are doing. Lay out clothes in the order in which they’ll be put on

Question 52

calcium levels in someone with emphysema

Answer 52

increased

Question 53

how often do we take a person with dementia to the bathroom

Answer 53

every 2 hours

Question 54

what is the temperature of the water when bathing someone who is immobile

Answer 54

43.3*c 110*f

Question 55

when

Answer 55

nenene