Exam 2 (Days 8-12)

Question 1

Integrity

Answer 1

The willingness to conduct one’s self in accord with principles that promote fairness to all

Question 2

Business Ethics

Answer 2

The study of how to properly use one’s economic and professional power with integrity.

Question 3

Ethics

Answer 3

the study of Integrity

Question 4

Cheating

Answer 4

The giving of less than fairly due while expecting the same reward as those who gave what was due.

Question 5

Protected Classes

Answer 5

For these, an employer must be prepared to prove, for any discharge, for any reason, that it is not driven by discrimination.

Question 6

not a protected class

Answer 6

Under US law, every American is in a protected class except non-disabled, non-gender diverse Caucasian males between the age of 18 and 40.

Question 7

Disparate treatment

Answer 7

this is created by deliberate acts that deny protected classes access to the workplace

Question 8

Disparate impact

Answer 8

this is created by common business practices that negatively impact protected classes

Most discrimination suits today

Question 9

Why is discrimination an ethical issue

Answer 9

1. Inclusion in “Protected Classes” has expanded to include most Americans.
2. The categories for “discrimination victim” expand every year.
3. The meaning of disability is constantly expanding
4. The meaning of BFOQ can be subjective and hard to apply.

Question 10

Bona Fide Occupational Qualifier

BFOQ

Answer 10

Through this, an employer can argue that a job, to be properly done, must require certain abilities on the part of the employee; but the burden of proof is on the employer

UPS case

Question 11

two forms of sexual harassment

Answer 11

1. The linkage, quid pro quo, of sexual activity to work place privileges
2. The presence of a hostile work environment

Question 12

A Quid Pro Quo Harassment Claim must be able to prove the following elements to a jury:

Answer 12

1. The alleged harasser, an officer or employee of company X, suggested or requested a personal relationship with the plaintiff.
2. The request was linked to the granting of certain job benefits or even the possibility of employment or continued employment.
3. At the time of the conduct, the alleged harasser was a supervisor or agent for company X.

Question 13

Workplace Possessiveness

Answer 13

Like workplace bullying, this can involve co-workers, create psychological harm and even the threat of physical harm.

This can express itself as quid pro quo harassment, physical stalking, e-stalking, restructured work assignments (possibly involving travel with the harasser) and revenge (If you don’t like me I’ll make it so no one ever likes you.)

Question 14

Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson

Answer 14

This established the principle that an employer is liable for quid pro quo sexual harassment even if the victim prefers not to report it until a lawsuit.

Question 15

The Meritor v. Vinson Perspective

Answer 15

Employers must prepare for the unexpected

Question 16

Hostile work environment

Answer 16

This is created by unwelcome verbal or physical conduct directed at race, color, religion, gender identity, national origin, age (40 and over), disability (mental or physical), sexual orientation, or retaliation.

Question 17

Robinson v. Jacksonville Shipyards

Answer 17

This case established the principle that an employer is liable for sexual harassment even if the victim suffers no psychological harm

Question 18

The elements of a hostile work environment complaint

Answer 18

1. There is no quid pro quo
2. It can be employee to employee
3. The employer is liable even if unaware or not involved
4. The lack of preventive policies increase the awarded damages.

Question 19

The Tail Hook Scandal

Answer 19

100 U.S. Navy and Marine aviation officers were alleged to have sexually assaulted 83 women

Question 20

Bullying in the workplace

Answer 20

A violation of the

Social Contract

Question 21

Goal Driven

Workplace Bullying

Answer 21

In this the purpose of the bullying is to drive someone from the workplace.

Question 22

Friedrich Nietzsche in: The Will to Power

Answer 22

Argued that the most fundamental human need is to possess and control

Question 23

Psychologically Driven

Workplace Bullying

Answer 23

In this the purpose of the bullying is to express power

Question 24

Workplace bullying
differs from
“schoolyard” bullying
in three ways

Answer 24

1. It is goal driven rather than psychologically driven.
2. It is more subtle. It operates within the established rules and policies of both the organization and existing laws.
3. In most cases the bully (bullies) is not a peer but a boss or a manager.

Question 25

Actionable

Answer 25

Conduct that crosses the line between something formal laws will ignore and something they won’t.

Question 26

six elements most commonly found in cases of bullying

Answer 26

1. Disproportionate power
2. A disregard for one’s personhood
3. An absence of individuals able or willing to defend the victim
4. A conscious effort on the part of the bully to not empower the victim with a legal recourse
5. A disregard for one’s property
6. A disregard for one’s rights

Question 27

Plato’s Euthyphro

Answer 27

The oldest recorded case of Whistleblowing

This can also be regarded as the oldest example of an ethical dilemma

Question 28

Problem Reporting

Answer 28

In this an employee who discovers organizational misconduct chooses to bring it to the attention of his or her immediate supervisor

Question 29

Whistleblower

Answer 29

In this an employee who discovers organizational misconduct chooses to bring it to the attention of someone other than his or her immediate supervisor

Question 30

Internal Whistleblowing

Answer 30

This occurs when an employee discovers organizational misconduct and brings it to the attention of a company official, who then follows established procedures to address the misconduct within the organization

Question 31

External Whistleblowing

Answer 31

When an employee discovers organizational misconduct and chooses to bring it to the attention of law enforcement agencies and/or the media.

Question 32

The moral question in whistleblowing

Answer 32

Why did the employee who discovered organizational misconduct choose not to bring it to the attention of his or her supervisor. – skip the normal procedure of problem reporting?

Question 33

The five factors that characterize

Whistle-blowing

Answer 33

1. The problem harms or potentially harms people.
2. The problem has been documented, it is real.
3. Efforts to internally resolve the problem have been exhausted.
4. The communication of the problem ignores normal channels.
5. There is the belief the act of reporting will resolve the problem.

Question 34

When is Whistle-Blowing Unethical?

Answer 34

Whistle-blowing must be questioned if:

• Motivation is the opportunity for financial gain or media attention
• Employee is carrying out a vendetta against the company
• • Key point –be very sure that your facts and your evidence is irrefutable before blowing the whistle

Question 35

The two factors that make whistleblowing unethical

Answer 35

1. It is done only for financial reward or media attention.

2. It is done as an act of revenge.

Question 36

The two devices companies
primarily use to contain
whistle-blowing

Answer 36

1. Confidentiality agreements.

2. The threat of a “tortious interference” suit directed at media seeking to cover the problem.

Question 37

Tortious Interference

Answer 37

A legal term defining conduct
aimed at creating either public or
judicial prejudice against a party in
a lawsuit seeking compensatory
damages.

Question 38

Ground

Answer 38

A statement or set of statements That can be held as incontestably valid.

Question 39

a posteriori

Answer 39

that which is known with certainty by the senses

objective knowledge only exists when all observers experience the same
IF – THEN Conditions

knowledge gained “from after” birth

Question 40

a priori

Answer 40

that which is known with certainty by inference

tied to understanding and ground

knowledge gained “from before” birth
i.e. innate common sense

This relates to those things we can know with certainty when we have no causal influence affecting our senses.

Question 41

Analogical Inference

Answer 41

The justification of a claim based upon a comparison of traits or circumstances.

Question 42

Phenomenology

Answer 42

The study of appearances to the mind

Question 43

Phenomenon

Answer 43

The object as it appears to the mind

Phenomena is the plural

Question 44

Epistemology

Answer 44

the study of knowledge and the use of logic to achieve certainty

Question 45

Skepticism

Answer 45

the view that religious and metaphysical knowledge is always tentative

Plato argued against skepticism using the doctrine of
Moral intellectualism

Question 46

Moral intellectualism

Answer 46

Morality is inherently rational and objective

Question 47

Voluntarism

Answer 47

Rulers use religion to create moral principles so the society can be controlled

Rulers use religion or government to create moral principles to better control society

Question 48

Intellectualism

Answer 48

Morality is inherently rational and objective