Exam 2 Continued Flashcards
Terms used to describe a radiographic lesion’s numerical distribution when:
- There is only one lesion.
- Lesions are spread significantly through either the mandible or maxilla, but not both.
- Lesions are spread through at least 3 quadrants, both the mandible and maxilla
- solitary or focal
- diffuse
- generalized
Another description of numerical distribution that often means that the lesion is a variant of normal or of an inherited origin.
-symmetrical
What information can the borders of a lesion provide?
How the active part of the lesion is growing and how the normal bone is reacting to it.
What do sclerotic, well-corticated, hyperostotic borders mean?
When are they usually observed?
- They indicate the presence of reactive bone.
- Usually present with cysts and benign tumors.
A lesion with a border that can be traced with a pencil could be described in general as:
Well-defined or distinct
A lesion whose borders appear to have been created by putting holes in the radiograph could be described as _____________.
In which diseases is this observed?
- Punched-out
- Multiple myeloma and Langerhan’s cell histiocytosis
When this type of border is observed, you can be assured that the lesion can probably be easily removed surgically.
-Peripheral radiolucent rim around a radiopaque lesion
Terms to describe a lesion whose borders are hard to identify
-ill-defined, poorly marginated
Ragged, moth-eaten borders all too often signify the presence of what?
-Severe inflammatory disease or malignant neoplasia.
Simple geometric descriptor, often indicating fluid-filled cysts
-Round, ovoid
Geometric descriptor for radiolucent lesions which appear to undulate up and down and form arches through the mandible along the roots of teeth.
What diseases manifest this geometry?
- Scalloped
- Simple bone cyst.
- Odontogenic keratocyst
Term that describes a lesion with no simple geometry, indicating that some parts of the lesion are growing more than others. This often indicates aggression of the lesion.
-Irregular
What likely origin does a lesion with an epicenter above the IAN canal have?
-odontogenic
What origin can be ruled out if a lesion’s epicenter is below the IAN canal?
-lesion is highly unlikely to be odontogenic
What origins of a lesion are distinct possibilities if its epicenter lies in the IAN canal?
-neural, vascular, or smooth muscle
Lesions arising in the condyle may be _____________ in nature.
-cartilaginous
Where would a central lesion be found?
-Cancellous bone of the jaw with cortex on either side and alveolar bone superiorly.
Where do peripheral lesions arise?
-Alveolar crest
Where are periosteal lesions found?
In the periosteal compartment of bone
These terms describe lesion locations relative to teeth
Circumcoronal (unerupted), periapical, interradicular
Radiolucency comprised of a single compartment
-Unilocular
Multilocular radiolucency comprised of multiple overlapping compartments
-Soap bubble
Multilocular radiolucency comprised of small equal-sized compartments.
In what condition is this usually seen?
- honeycomb
- ameloblastoma, less frequently seen in intraosseous hemangiomas.
Multilocular radiolucent lesion in which septae radiate from a central body
-spider web
In this subtype of multilocular radiolucency, septae are positioned at right angles to one another.
In what condition is this architecture EXCLUSIVELY observed?
- tennis racket
- odontogenic myxoma
Descriptors of texture are used exclusively with which type of lesion?
Radiopacities
The texture of a cluster of radiolucencies would be described as _________.
Multilobulated
This smooth, frosty appearing texture is very suggestive of early fibrous dysplasia.
Ground glass
Late stage of fibrous dysplasia. Trabeculations are fine but dense.
-Orange peel
The texture of dense patches of sclerotic bone, often formed in cases of condensing osteitis, chronic diffuse condensing osteomyelitis, and fibro-ossous disorders like Paget’s disease.
Cotton wool
A slow growing benign cyst or neoplasm that wedges its way between teeth causes
Root divergence
Soft tissue of a lesion is the only thing holding a tooth in place.
-Floating in air tooth
When cysts or benign neoplasms cause recession of roots coronally.
-Root resorption by blunt pressure
Resorption by a lesion that surrounds the root(s).
Circumferential root resorption
Growth of a neoplasm in bone slow enough to leave the cortex intact.
Cortical expansion
Agressive neoplasm growth does not permit cortical growth and breaks through the cortex of bone
Cortical perforation
Conditions that irritate the periosteum and cause it to lay down multiple layers of periosteal bone display this appearance
Onion skinning
Malignant tumors of bone expand so rapidly into soft tissue that they take striae of periosteal bone with them, and create a distinct pattern, as seen in osteosarcoma.
Sunburst spiculation
The visual pattern of periosteal bone exhibited in sickle-cell anemia and thalassemia.
Hair on end
What can a calcified lymph node indicate?
- Prior infection or inflammation
- Granulomatous disorders, deep fungal infection, lymphoma
What are the clinical features of antroliths?
- Unilateral nasal obstruction
- Pain
- Epistaxis
- Fetid Rhinorrhea
- Post-nasal drip
What are the types of arterial calcifications?
- Monckeberg’s medial calcinosis
- calcified atherosclerotic plaque
What is Monckeberg’s medial calcinosis?
- elastic fibers of medial coat fragment and calcify.
- frequently seen in cases of hyperparathyroidism and chronic renal failure.
- tram-track calcifications visible radiographically
What do irregular verticolinear opacities at the level of common carotid artery bifurcation, C3-C4, hyoid bone indicate?
Calcified atherosclerotic plaque
Extraskeletal, benign, bone-producing neoplasm likely found on the posterior dorsum of the tongue.
Intraoral osseous choristoma
Multiple small round radiopacities with radiolucent centers in the suferficial skin
-Miliary osteoma
Trauma to muscle, hemorrhages and calcifies. calcification follows the direction of muscle fibers. May cause severe trismus.
myositis ossificans
Calcifications represent parasite larvae found in muscle or internal organ tissue
Cysticercosis Cellulosae
Complication of dermatomyositis, sceleroderma, Raynaud’s disease
calcinosis cutis
