Exam 2 Continued

Question 0

Terms used to describe a radiographic lesion’s numerical distribution when:

• There is only one lesion.
• Lesions are spread significantly through either the mandible or maxilla, but not both.
• Lesions are spread through at least 3 quadrants, both the mandible and maxilla

Answer 0

• solitary or focal
• diffuse
• generalized

Question 1

Another description of numerical distribution that often means that the lesion is a variant of normal or of an inherited origin.

Answer 1

-symmetrical

Question 2

What information can the borders of a lesion provide?

Answer 2

How the active part of the lesion is growing and how the normal bone is reacting to it.

Question 3

What do sclerotic, well-corticated, hyperostotic borders mean?
When are they usually observed?

Answer 3

• They indicate the presence of reactive bone.

- Usually present with cysts and benign tumors.

Question 4

A lesion with a border that can be traced with a pencil could be described in general as:

Answer 4

Well-defined or distinct

Question 5

A lesion whose borders appear to have been created by putting holes in the radiograph could be described as _____________.
In which diseases is this observed?

Answer 5

• Punched-out

- Multiple myeloma and Langerhan’s cell histiocytosis

Question 6

When this type of border is observed, you can be assured that the lesion can probably be easily removed surgically.

Answer 6

-Peripheral radiolucent rim around a radiopaque lesion

Question 7

Terms to describe a lesion whose borders are hard to identify

Answer 7

-ill-defined, poorly marginated

Question 8

Ragged, moth-eaten borders all too often signify the presence of what?

Answer 8

-Severe inflammatory disease or malignant neoplasia.

Question 9

Simple geometric descriptor, often indicating fluid-filled cysts

Answer 9

-Round, ovoid

Question 10

Geometric descriptor for radiolucent lesions which appear to undulate up and down and form arches through the mandible along the roots of teeth.
What diseases manifest this geometry?

Answer 10

• Scalloped
• Simple bone cyst.
• Odontogenic keratocyst

Question 11

Term that describes a lesion with no simple geometry, indicating that some parts of the lesion are growing more than others. This often indicates aggression of the lesion.

Answer 11

-Irregular

Question 12

What likely origin does a lesion with an epicenter above the IAN canal have?

Answer 12

-odontogenic

Question 13

What origin can be ruled out if a lesion’s epicenter is below the IAN canal?

Answer 13

-lesion is highly unlikely to be odontogenic

Question 14

What origins of a lesion are distinct possibilities if its epicenter lies in the IAN canal?

Answer 14

-neural, vascular, or smooth muscle

Question 15

Lesions arising in the condyle may be _____________ in nature.

Answer 15

-cartilaginous

Question 16

Where would a central lesion be found?

Answer 16

-Cancellous bone of the jaw with cortex on either side and alveolar bone superiorly.

Question 17

Where do peripheral lesions arise?

Answer 17

-Alveolar crest

Question 18

Where are periosteal lesions found?

Answer 18

In the periosteal compartment of bone

Question 19

These terms describe lesion locations relative to teeth

Answer 19

Circumcoronal (unerupted), periapical, interradicular

Question 20

Radiolucency comprised of a single compartment

Answer 20

-Unilocular

Question 21

Multilocular radiolucency comprised of multiple overlapping compartments

Answer 21

-Soap bubble

Question 22

Multilocular radiolucency comprised of small equal-sized compartments.
In what condition is this usually seen?

Answer 22

• honeycomb

- ameloblastoma, less frequently seen in intraosseous hemangiomas.

Question 23

Multilocular radiolucent lesion in which septae radiate from a central body

Answer 23

-spider web

Question 24

In this subtype of multilocular radiolucency, septae are positioned at right angles to one another.
In what condition is this architecture EXCLUSIVELY observed?

Answer 24

• tennis racket

- odontogenic myxoma

Question 25

Descriptors of texture are used exclusively with which type of lesion?

Answer 25

Radiopacities

Question 26

The texture of a cluster of radiolucencies would be described as _________.

Answer 26

Multilobulated

Question 27

This smooth, frosty appearing texture is very suggestive of early fibrous dysplasia.

Answer 27

Ground glass

Question 28

Late stage of fibrous dysplasia. Trabeculations are fine but dense.

Answer 28

-Orange peel

Question 29

The texture of dense patches of sclerotic bone, often formed in cases of condensing osteitis, chronic diffuse condensing osteomyelitis, and fibro-ossous disorders like Paget’s disease.

Answer 29

Cotton wool

Question 30

A slow growing benign cyst or neoplasm that wedges its way between teeth causes

Answer 30

Root divergence

Question 31

Soft tissue of a lesion is the only thing holding a tooth in place.

Answer 31

-Floating in air tooth

Question 32

When cysts or benign neoplasms cause recession of roots coronally.

Answer 32

-Root resorption by blunt pressure

Question 33

Resorption by a lesion that surrounds the root(s).

Answer 33

Circumferential root resorption

Question 34

Growth of a neoplasm in bone slow enough to leave the cortex intact.

Answer 34

Cortical expansion

Question 35

Agressive neoplasm growth does not permit cortical growth and breaks through the cortex of bone

Answer 35

Cortical perforation

Question 36

Conditions that irritate the periosteum and cause it to lay down multiple layers of periosteal bone display this appearance

Answer 36

Onion skinning

Question 37

Malignant tumors of bone expand so rapidly into soft tissue that they take striae of periosteal bone with them, and create a distinct pattern, as seen in osteosarcoma.

Answer 37

Sunburst spiculation

Question 38

The visual pattern of periosteal bone exhibited in sickle-cell anemia and thalassemia.

Answer 38

Hair on end

Question 39

What can a calcified lymph node indicate?

Answer 39

• Prior infection or inflammation

- Granulomatous disorders, deep fungal infection, lymphoma

Question 40

What are the clinical features of antroliths?

Answer 40

• Unilateral nasal obstruction
• Pain
• Epistaxis
• Fetid Rhinorrhea
• Post-nasal drip

Question 41

What are the types of arterial calcifications?

Answer 41

• Monckeberg’s medial calcinosis

- calcified atherosclerotic plaque

Question 42

What is Monckeberg’s medial calcinosis?

Answer 42

• elastic fibers of medial coat fragment and calcify.
• frequently seen in cases of hyperparathyroidism and chronic renal failure.
• tram-track calcifications visible radiographically

Question 43

What do irregular verticolinear opacities at the level of common carotid artery bifurcation, C3-C4, hyoid bone indicate?

Answer 43

Calcified atherosclerotic plaque

Question 44

Extraskeletal, benign, bone-producing neoplasm likely found on the posterior dorsum of the tongue.

Answer 44

Intraoral osseous choristoma

Question 45

Multiple small round radiopacities with radiolucent centers in the suferficial skin

Answer 45

-Miliary osteoma

Question 46

Trauma to muscle, hemorrhages and calcifies. calcification follows the direction of muscle fibers. May cause severe trismus.

Answer 46

myositis ossificans

Question 47

Calcifications represent parasite larvae found in muscle or internal organ tissue

Answer 47

Cysticercosis Cellulosae

Question 48

Complication of dermatomyositis, sceleroderma, Raynaud’s disease

Answer 48

calcinosis cutis