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MGMT 363 Fall 2024 > Exam 2 Contents > Flashcards

Exam 2 Contents Flashcards

1
Q

What is motivation

A

A set of energetic forces that originate within and outside an employee that initiates work-related effort and determines its direction, intensity, and persistence

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2
Q

Meaning of Money

A

people can attain:
-achievement
-respect
-freedom

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3
Q

What is Expectancy Theory?

A

Motivation is fostered when the employee believes three things

-effort will result in performance
-performance will result in outcomes
-outcomes will be valuable

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4
Q

What is Instrumentality?

A

the belief that successful performance will result in certain outcomes

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4
Q

Expectancy Theory (definition)

A

The belief that a high level of effort will lead to the successful performance of a task

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5
Q

What is Valence

A

the anticipated value of outcomes

-ranges from -1 to 1

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6
Q

What does Maslow’s theory state?

A

Physiological, Safety & Security, Belongingness, esteem, & self-actualization are the basic needs of human ranking in that order from bottom to top

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7
Q

What does Alderfer’s ERG theory say?

A

existence, relatedness, and growth are our basic need which relate to Maslow’s theory
- existence = physiological + safety & security
-relatedness = belongingness
-growth = esteem & self-actualization

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8
Q

What does McClelland’s Theory of Needs say?

A

Achievement, power, & affiliation
-acquired these needs through early life experiences, you are not born with them
-a person is motivated by one of these three things

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9
Q

What is Goal Setting Theory?

A

Motivation is fostered when employees are given specific and difficult goals rather than no goals, easy goals, or “do your best” goals

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10
Q

What are SMART goals?

A

-Specific
-Measurable
-Achievable
-Results-Based
-Time-Sensitive

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10
Q

What is equity theeory

A

Motivation is maximized when an employee’s ratio of “outcomes” to “inputs” matches those of some “comparison other.”

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11
Q

What are the types of Comparison others?

A

-Job Equity
-Company Equity
-Occupational Equity
-Educational Equity
-Age Equity

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12
Q

What is psychological empowerment?

A

an intrinsic form of motivation derived from the belief that one’s work tasks are contributing to some larger purpose

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13
Q

How is psychological empowerment fostered?

A

-Meaningfulness
-Self-determination
-Competence
-Impact

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14
Q

Trust?

A

the willingness to be vulnerable to a trustee based on positive expectations about the trustee’s actions and intentions

trust= willing to be vulnerable

risk= actually becoming vulnerable

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15
Q

Why is trust important?

A

-it is a firm’s reputation and one of its most prized possessions
-reputation reflects the prominence of a brand in the minds of the public and its perceived quality
-it can be easily damage

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16
Q

What is Disposition-Based Trust

A

trust propensity
- a person is more willing to trust others than to be suspicious of them

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17
Q

What is Affect-Based trust

A

-trust rooted in emotion rather than reason
-Based on an emotional bond with the trustee

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18
Q

What is Cognition-Based trust

A

Trustworthiness - the characteristics or attributes of a trustee that inspire trust
-ability
-benevolence
-integrity

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19
Q

What is justice?

A

-based on perceptions of fairness
*Justice-relevant acts can serve as behavioral evidence of trustworthiness

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20
Q

What are the interpersonal justice rules?

A

respect and propriety

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21
Q

what are the informational justice rules?

A

Justification & truthfulness

22
Q

What are the Distributive justice rules?

A

equity versus equality versus need

23
Q

What are the procedural justice rules?

A

-voice
-correctability
-consistency
-bias suppression
-representativeness
-Accuracy

24
Q

What is Ethics?

A

The degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms

25
Q

What is Moral Judgement

A

The process people use to determine whether a particular course of action is ethical or unethical

26
Q

What are the stages of cognitive moral development?

A

-Pre-conventional Stage: focuses on consequences of actions for the individual

-Conventional Stage: references the expectations of one’s family and society

-principled stage: most advanced, uses a set of established moral principles

27
Q

What is Moral Intent & Behavior?

A

Moral Intent: reflects degree of commitment to the moral course of action

ethical behavior: what does the person actually do?

28
Q

How Important is Trust

A

-significant predictor of an employee’s ability to focus
-influences citizenship behavior & counterproductive behavior

29
Q

What are economic exchange relationships?

A

-lack trust and are narrowly defined, quid pro quo obligations

30
Q

What are social exchange relationships?

A

have increased trust, and are characterized by mutual investment, going above and beyond expectations

31
Q

What is a trust dividend?

A

“When trust goes up, speed goes up, and costs go down” // Boost in performance because there is trust & boost in citizenship behavior

32
Q

What is a distrust tax?

A

“When trust goes down, speed goes down, and costs go up” // Decrease in performance because there is a lack of trust

33
Q

Figure 7-8 Effects of Trust on Performance and Commitment

A

Trust has a moderately positive effect on Performance
Trust has a strong positive effect on commitment

34
Q

Stages of cognitive moral development.

A

preconventional, conventional, principled

35
Q

Preconventional stage

A

focuses on consequences of actions for the individual.

36
Q

Conventional stage

A

references the expectations of one’s family and society.

37
Q

Principled stage

A

the most advanced, uses a set of defined, established moral principles.

38
Q

Moral intent:

A

reflects degree of commitment to the moral course of action.

39
Q

Ethical Behavior:

A

what does the person actually do?

40
Q

How Important Is Trust?

A

Trust is a significant predictor of an employee’s ability to focus.
Trust also influences citizenship behavior and counterproductive behavior

41
Q

Economic exchange

A

relationships lack trust, and are narrowly defined, quid pro quo obligations.

42
Q

Social exchange

A

relationships have increased trust, and are characterized by mutual investment, going above and beyond expectations.

43
Q

Importance of trust

A

Trust dividend vs. Distrust Tax

44
Q

Figure 7-8 Effects of Trust on Performance and Commitment

A

Trust has a moderately positive effect on Performance
Trust has a strong positive effect on commitment

45
Q

Moral Judgment

A

The process people use to determine whether a particular course of action is ethical or unethical.

46
Q

Ethics

A
  • Unethical behavior.
  • “Especially ethical” behavior
  • “Merely ethical” behavior.
47
Q

Ethics Definition

A

The degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms.

48
Q

Justice

A

Based on perceptions of fairness.
Justice-relevant acts can serve as behavioral evidence of trustworthiness

49
Q

Risk =

A

actually becoming vulnerable.

50
Q

Organizational Mechanisms

A

Organizational Structure
Organizational Culture

51
Q

Why does money have such high value?

A

Achievement
Respect
Freedom

52
Q

Expectancy Theory: Motivation is fostered when the employee believes three things:

A

1) That effort will result in performance.
2) That performance will result in outcomes.
3) That those outcomes will be valuable

53
Q

Expectancy Theory

A

Effort -> Performance -> Reward
the belief that a high level of effort will lead to the successful performance of a task.

54
Q
A

MGMT 363 Fall 2024 (2 decks)

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