Exam 2 Content Flashcards
True Labor
true labor brings about changes in the cervix; or causes effacement and dilation
Prodromal Labor
contractions are frequent, painful and irregular, but do not promote any dilation or effacement
The 4 P’s
passage, psyche, powers, passenger
CST
Contraction stress test; must have 3 contractions in a 10 minute period; a negative CST is a reassuring sign
NST
mom doesn’t have to be contracting; have to have at least 2 decelerations in a 20-min period
Maternal serum AFP (MsAFP)
will show birth defects; will show if fetus high risk for neural tube defects, down syndrome; will measure amt of hormones including estriol and inhibin A, amt of AFP in mom’s blood
Stage 1 of Labor
begins with labor onset, ends with complete dilation
3 phases of Labor Stage 1
latent, active, transition
Latent phase
0-3 cm dilated, is the longest stage, and mom is the happiest
Active phase
4-7 cm dilated, mom is visibly less happy
Transition phase
8-10 cm dilated, shortest phase, mom is very unhappy, “devil horns”
Stage 2 of Labor
birth of the baby; begins with complete dilation and ends with delivery
Stage 3 of Labor
delivery of the placenta; either Duncan (maternal side) or Shultz (fetal side)
Stage 4 of Labor
recovery or postpartum period
Fetal presentation
what part presents first; cephalic, breech, or shoulder
Fetal position
right or left; occiput; anterior or posterior; most common is left occiput anterior
Leopold’s maneuvers
to inspect and palpate the maternal abdomen to determine fetal position, station, and size
1st Leopold maneuver
determines what part of fetus is in the fundus of the uterus
2nd Leopold maneuver
to determine location of fetal back
3rd Leopold maneuver
to determine presenting part
4th Leopold maneuver
to determine cephalic prominence
Pelvic inlet is wider _______
side to side
Pelvic outlet is wider _______
front to back
Movements of the fetus during delivery
internal rotation, extension, flexion, restitution, external rotation, expulsion
Comfort measures
repositioning, shower, massages
*positioning- if babies face is facing to the front of mom, the baby is ______
posterior
*positioning- if babies face is facing to back of mom, the baby is ______
anterior
the left or right position of the baby describes the location of the baby’s _______
back
effacement
shortening and thinning of the cervix; cervix softens and thins during labor
dilation
the enlargement or opening of the cervix
station
the level of the presenting part of the fetus in the birth canal in relationship to the ischial spines; 0 to -3 is above the ischial spine, 0 to +3 is below the ischial spine
Apgar scores
obtained at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth, if 5-min apgar scor is less than 7, additional scores should be assigned every 5 minutes up to 20 minutes
5 physiological signs that are tested to determine Apgar scores
HR, RR, muscle tone, reflex irritability, color
How is the Apgar test scored?
each component is given a score of either 0, 1, or 2, and a total of 7-10 indicates stable status
Fetal kick counts
to monitor babies well-being; should get at least 10 within 1 hour, if don’t get within 2 hrs then call physician
biophysical profile
consists of NST, fetal breathing movements, fetal muscle tone, AFV, CST
How is the biophysical profile scored?
either 0 or 2 points given for each parameter; 8-10 is normal score
How do you measure the strength or intensity of a contraction?
by IUPC or palpation
