Exam 2: Complex Tones Flashcards
How does a complex tone cause air particles to vibrate?
In a very complex manner, NOT in simple harmonic motion (SHM).
What effect does a pure tone have on air particles?
A pure tone causes the air particles to vibrate in simple harmonic motion (SHM)
Complex sound is made up of more than 1 _______. How does this effect the air molecules?
- Frequency
2. It causes the air molecules to vibrate in a complex manner.
Why is a complex periodic sound complex?
Why is a complex periodic sound periodic? What makes the sound periodic?
- It is complex because it generates more than 1 frequency.
- The sound is considered to be periodic because it generates the frequencies in a predictable manner as long as the sound source lasts.
Give EXs of complex periodic sound (6)
- Guitar
- Violin
- Trumpet
- Tuba
- Piano
- Vocal folds
Define complex aperiodic sound.
A complex sound made up of randomly occurring frequencies, generated at random intensities (random loudness volumes). These sounds are not predictable.
Complex aperiodic sound is generally considered to be _______.
Unpleasant
List examples of complex aperiodic sound (2)
- Car engine
2. Weedeater
Types of aperiodic complex sound (2)
- Transient
2. Continuous
Define transient aperiodic complex sound and give an example.
A very brief sound. Examples include a clap, dropping a book on a table, or dropping a glass on a tile floor.
What is the difference between a complex periodic sound and a complex aperiodic sound?
A complex periodic sound has periodicity. A complex aperiodic sound lacks periodicity.
Define continuous complex aperiodic sound. Give examples.
A long-lasting sound. Examples include a weedeater, phonemes: /s/, /p/, /k/
What type of sound are vowels and dipthongs?
Complex periodic
A line spectrum is another way to represent what?
A sine wave
Define fundamental frequency.
The lowest component frequency of a complex periodic sound.
If you have a fundamental frequency of a 100 Hz, what would: f2 = f3 = f4 = ?
f2 = 2 X 100 = 200 Hz f3 = 3 X 100 = 300 Hz f4 = 4 X 100 = 400 Hz
We hear the fundamental frequency of the vocal folds, as…
pitch
If I have vocal folds that vibrate at 100 Hz (f0), each 1/2 would vibrate at? 1/3 would vibrate at? 1/4 would vibrate at? 1/5 would vibrate at?
The entire vocal fold would vibrate at 100 Hz. Each 1/2 = 200 X /s Each 1/3 = 300 X /s Each 1/4 = 400 X/s Each 1/5 = 500 X/s
Draw a line spectrum of a 100 Hz pure tone.
See notes
Describe the relationship between the frequencies of harmonics and their intensities.
As the frequencies of the harmonics increases, their intensity decreases. A 200 Hz harmonic is not as loud as a 100 Hz harmonic.
Draw a line spectrum of a 100 Hz COMPLEX tone.
See notes
Define wavelength.
The distance that one cycle of vibration travels.
Define period.
The time it takes for one cycle of vibration to occur.
The fundamental frequency is not only the loudest sound but it also has the ____________ ________.
Longest wavelength
The harmonics of a fundamental frequency have a much ______ wavelength.
Shorter
A resonator by definition has to be….
set into vibration by something other itself.
Define a broadly tuned resonator and give an example.
A resonator that RESPONDS to a broad range of frequencies, and when the outside force causing this type of resonator to vibrate stops, the resonance of the object ends immediately. An example of this type of resonator are the vocal folds.
Define a narrowly tuned resonator and give an example.
A resonator that responds to only one resonating frequency. It will keep vibrating until the sound dampens out due to friction. Example: tuning fork
