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Biochemistry > Exam 2: Collagen + Gylcoproteins > Flashcards

Exam 2: Collagen + Gylcoproteins Flashcards

1
Q

Which collagen can be found in bundles of fibers?

A

Type 1

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2
Q

Which collagen is found in most basement membranes?

A

Type IV

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3
Q

Which collagen is found in small amounts and pulls together the other collagens?

A

Type V

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4
Q

Where can tubule composition be found?

A

Within dentin

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5
Q

What fills the spaces between tubules?

A

Intertubular dentin + collagen

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6
Q

Where is collagen not abundantly found?

A

Enamel of the teeth
*this is why enamel is harder than dentin

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7
Q

33% of type I collagen is made up of which amino acid?

A

Glycine

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8
Q

15% of type I collagen is made up of which amino acid?

A

Proline
*will not form alpha helix or beta sheets because of this

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9
Q

How many amino acids per turn in collagen?

A

3 (Gly, X, Y)

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10
Q

Initially, is a collagen helix a left or right-handed turn?

A

Left-hand turn

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11
Q

Every third amino acid is ___?

A

Glycine

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12
Q

When the collagen helices come together are they left or right-handed?

A

Right-handed: they are made up of left-handed interiors and right-handed exteriors

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13
Q

What is the collagen helix commonly referred to?

A

Coiled-coil structure

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14
Q

Hydroxylation of proline helps with what?

A

Thermal stability of the helix

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15
Q

Where can type I collagen be found?

A

Oral cavity, bone, tendons, ligament, skin

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16
Q

Where can type III collagen be found?

A

Skin, blood vessels, internal organs

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17
Q

Where can type IV collagen be found?

A

Basal lamina

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18
Q

What is co-translational synthesis?

A

Making hydroxy-proline and hydroxy-lysine at the same time as collagen is being synthesized

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19
Q

What does hydroxylation of Pro and Lys require?

A

O2, Fe+2, alpha-ketoglutarate, and vitamin C

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20
Q

What is a vitamin C deficiency called?

A

Scurvy

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21
Q

Why does scurvy not impact bone as much as it does teeth, gums, and collagen stability?

A

Because collagen does not turn over as often in bone, so it’s less affected

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22
Q

Glycosylation is the process of ___?

A

Adding sugars

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23
Q

What are propieces?

A

They are pieces present during initial collagen synthesis but will eventually be removed

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24
Q

Where can pro-pieces be found?

A

N and C-termini’s

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25
Q

Do C or N terminal propieces facilitate triple helix formation?

A

C-terminal

26
Q

What do propieces help prevent?

A

Premature aggregation: they prevent early collagens from interacting with one another

27
Q

How does staggered arrangement help collagen strength?

A

With no flushed joints, they are more structurally integral (can’t be easily ripped apart)

28
Q

Which collagen type is more like a “rug” or sheet and which are like fibers?

A

Rug: type IV
Fiber: type I and III

29
Q

Does crosslinked collagen increase or decrease with age?

A

Increase

30
Q

What is the purpose of crosslinking collagen triple helices?

A

Increases thermal stability

31
Q

Lysine amino oxidase is a ___ requiring enzyme:

A

Copper

32
Q

What is osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

Loss of type I collagen

33
Q

What is dentineogenesis imperfecta?

A

Occurs without bone involvement (so not type I collagen), and instead involves the loss of dentin formation

34
Q

What is amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

Affects enamel formation

35
Q

What is Ehlers-Danlos IV?

A

Defects in collagen type III genes

36
Q

What is Ehlers-Danlos VI?

A

Defects in collagen type I and type III genes

37
Q

Symptoms of Ehlers-Danlos’s disorder include:

A

Hyper-extensive skin, joint hypermobility, translucent skin

38
Q

Symptoms of osteogenesis imperfecta include:

A

Soft, fragile bones, teeth with short constricted roots, detin hypertrophy/dysplasia

39
Q

Symptoms of dentinogenesis imperfecta include:

A

Dental effects but no bone involvement; weak + discolored teeth

40
Q

Symptoms of amelogenesis imperfecta include:

A

Enamel hypoplasia (enamel doesn’t develop properly)

41
Q

What is special about elastin’s structure?

A

They can be stretched but will return back to their structure when tension is released

42
Q

What is the definition of carbohydrates?

A

Polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones

43
Q

What are some synonyms for carbohydrates?

A

Saccharides and sugars

44
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates?

A

Metabolic fuels, energy storage, structural framework of cells, components of nucleic acid

45
Q

Can carbohydrates be used to modify proteins?

A

Yes

46
Q

A-symmetric carbons have?

A

Different stereoisomers

47
Q

OH on the right

A

D sugar structure

48
Q

In a ring, if OH is down, up, down, up, etc… then it is:

A

Glucose

49
Q
A

Mannose

50
Q

In a ring, if OH is down, up, down, down, etc… then it is:

A

Galactose

51
Q

What is the abbreviation for sialic acid?

A

NANA

52
Q

What is sialic acid/NANA?

A

It is a sugar; complex carbohydrate

53
Q

What happens when you form a glycosidic bond?

A

Structure is locked in ring form; becomes a non-reducing sugar

54
Q

Glycosidic linkages can either be:

A

O-glycosidic or N-glycosidic

55
Q

The complex class is defined by the presence of:

A

1 carbohydrate (NANA) aka sialic acid

56
Q

Once you reach the high mannose class…

A

You stop taking away mannose (trimming) and start adding sugars

57
Q

Core oligosaccharides are added ___?

A

Cotranslationally

58
Q

How are core oligosaccharides anchored to the ER membrane?

A

Via a linkage with dolichol

59
Q

Where does processing occur as proteins transit the secretory pathway?

A

In multiple compartments

60
Q

Glycosylation occurs through an ordered series of processing reactions that involves ___?

A

Trimming and adding carbohydrates

61
Q

What happens if you replace Glycine in a colllagen coil with a bulkier amino acid?

A

There will be defects

Biochemistry (6 decks)

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