Exam 2 - Closed Notes

Question 1

3 “compelling interests” that the U.S. Supreme Court has permitted to justify government discrimination on the basis of race

Answer 1

1. National Security
2. Education
3. Past discrimination

Question 2

Race-based discrimination by the government is reviewed under which level of scrutiny?

Answer 2

Strict scrutiny

Question 3

T or F: A state law violates the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment simply by having a racially disparate impact

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Which Amendment is used to challenge race-based discrimination by the federal government and federal government officials?

Answer 4

5th Amendment

Question 5

Which Amendment is used to challenge race-based discrimination by state and local governments and state and local government officials?

Answer 5

14th Amendment

Question 6

Which Amendment protects the right to vote on the basis of race?

Answer 6

15th Amendment

Question 7

If a public school assigned students of different races to sit a different lunch tables, then that would represent ___

Answer 7

de jure racial segregation

Question 8

T or F: All race-based discrimination by the federal government is unconstitutional

Answer 8

false

Question 9

It is easiest for the government to discriminate under __

Answer 9

rational basis scrutiny

Question 10

What prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of in programs receiving federal financial assistance

Answer 10

Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act

Question 11

Race-based discrimination by the government is reviewed under which standard of scrutiny

Answer 11

Strict

Question 12

Title 2

Answer 12

Prohibits public accommodation discrimination based on race, color, religion…

Question 13

Title VII

Answer 13

prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion , sex, or national origin by covered private and public employers

Question 14

Title VI

Answer 14

prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national origin by an program receiving federal financial assistance

Question 15

15th Amendment

Answer 15

protects the right to vote on the basis of race

Question 16

De jure

Answer 16

Racial segregation that is required by law

Question 17

De facto

Answer 17

racial segregation that just happens

Question 18

Race is what level of scrutiny

Answer 18

strict

Question 19

Religion is what level of scrutiny

Answer 19

Strict

Question 20

Sex is what level of scrutiny

Answer 20

intermediate

Question 21

Which standard of scrutiny requires that a law be substantially related to an important government purpose?

Answer 21

Intermediate

Question 22

__ reflects the idea that the government cannot deny rights of life, liberty, or property until the government completes a series of procedures that include notice and an opportunity to be heard

Answer 22

Procedural Due Process

Question 23

Which is the lowest of the three standards of proof

Answer 23

Preponderance of the evidence

Question 24

Which is the highest of the three standards of proof

Answer 24

Beyond a reasonable doubt