Exam 2 (Chs. 13, 14, 15, 8 & 27) Flashcards
1
Q
Put the following steps for calculus removal in the correct sequence.
1) My finger rest
2) My dominant hand
3) My patient
4) My adaptation
5) My stabilization
6) My equipment
7) My activation
8) Me
9) My nondominant hand
10) My angulation
A) 8,3,6,9,2,1,4,10,5,7
B) 9,2,8,6,3,1,4,5,10,7
C) 6,8,3,2,1,4,9,10,5,7
D) 6,9,2,1,3,8,10,4,7,5
A
A) 8,3,6,9,2,1,4,10,5,7
Me
patient
equipment
nondominate hand
dominate hand
finger rests
adaptation
stabilization
activation
angulation
2
Q
11/12 Explorer
Tip bent at 90-degree angle to lower shank
-Long, complex shank design
A
Curved back of the working-end touches the soft tissue base of sulcus or periodontal pocket
Complex shank makes it easy to reach root surfaces of anterior and posterior teeth
Can be used in shallow sulci and deep pockets
No Disadvantages!
3
Q
A sickle scaler forms a tip at the end of its working end. Therefore, sickle scalers are designed to be used subgingivally.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Statement 1 is false. Statement 2 is true.
C. Statement 1 is true. Statement 2 is false.
D. Both statments are false.
A
C. Statement 1 is true.
Statement 2 is false.
Sickle scalers = Supra
4
Q
A carious lesion that can be detected visually should be explored. When examining an occlusal surface, the clinician should trace the entire length of a fissure with the explorer while applying heavy pressure downward into the developmental depression.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
A
B) Both statements are false.
5
Q
A clinician is experiencing muscle strain in his fingers and wrist. Which of the following would be most likely to reduce strain to the clinician’s fingers and wrist?
A) Small-diameter handle with no texturing
B) Large-diameter handle with no texturing
C) Small-diameter handle with raised texturing
D) Large-diameter handle with raised texturing
A
D) Large-diameter handle with raised texturing
6
Q
A clinician is holding an instrument so that the tip of the working end is facing her. When the instrument is in this position, the functional shank is bent from side to side. The clinician’s instrument has a ______________ shank design for better access of the ______________ teeth.
A. complex; posterior
B. simple; anterior
C. extended; posterior
D. functional; posterior
A
A. complex; posterior
7
Q
A clinician is holding an instrument so that the tip of the working end is facing her. With the instrument in this position, the functional shank appears to be straight. The clinician’s instrument has _____.
A) An extended shank design
B) A functional shank design
C) A complex shank design
D) A simple shank design
A
D) A simple shank design
8
Q
A clinician is holding an instrument so that the tip of working end is facing him. With the instrument in this position, the functional shank is bent from side to side. The clinician’s instrument has _____.
A) An extended shank design
B) A functional shank design
C) A complex shank design
D) A simple shank design
A
C) A complex shank design
9
Q
A closed angle is one in which the face-to-tooth surface angulation is between _____.
A) 0 degree and 40 degrees
B) 45 degrees and 60 degrees
C) 60 degrees and 80 degrees
D) 90 degrees and 180 degrees
A
A) 0 degree and 40 degrees
Face of the instrument is closed against the tooth surface
insertion of a curet below the gingival margin
10
Q
A complex shank with long functional length is designed for posterior teeth. Extended lower shanks are ideal for supragingival use on anterior teeth.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
A
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
11
Q
A cross section of a curet is _____ by design.
A) Semicircular
B) Triangular
C) Rectangular
D) Circular
A
A) Semicircular
12
Q
A cross section of a sickle is _____ by design.
A) Semicircular
B) Triangular
C) Rectangular
D) Circular
A
B) Triangular
13
Q
A firm instrument grasp is used throughout a calculus removal stroke. For an assessment stroke, a light grasp is recommended for increased tactile sensitivity.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
A
A) Both statements are true.
14
Q
A periodontal instrument is balanced if the _____.
A) Instrument is double-ended
B) Instrument has a small-diameter handle with texturing
C) Working ends are aligned with the long axis of the handle
D) Working ends are mirror images of each other
A
C) Working ends are aligned with the long axis of the handle
15
Q
A sickle scaler may be used on the root surfaces if tissue recession is present on the tooth. The triangular cross section of a sickle scaler could result in tissue trauma if used subgingivally.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
A
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
16
Q
A sickle scaler with a straight, simple shank is a(n) _______.
A) Anterior sickle
B) Posterior sickle
C) Either of the listed instruments
D) Neither of the listed instruments
A
A) Anterior sickle
17
Q
A universal curet may be used on the root surfaces of a tooth. The semicircular cross section of a universal curet could result in tissue trauma if used subgingivally.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
A
C. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
18
Q
A very large supragingival calculus deposit probably cannot be removed as a single piece; it will need to be removed in sections. In removing a large supragingival calculus, it is helpful to adapt the middle third of the working end so that you are using the strongest section of the working-end.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
c
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
A
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
19
Q
Your patient has no probing depths greater than 4 mm. Of the explorers listed, which should you select for calculus detection on anterior and posterior sextants?
A) Orban-type explorer
B) Pigtail or cowhorn explorer
C) Straight explorer
D) Shepherd hook explorer
A
B) Pigtail or cowhorn explorer
used on normal sulci
20
Q
Adaptation
A
Relationship between the working end of an instrument and the
tooth surface being treated
21
Q
Which powders do we use in the Air-Flow Handy
A
Plus Powder:
- Erythritol Powder – Natural Sugar alcohol, smallest particle size on the market
Perio Powder
- Glycine Powder – Extra fine, low-density
22
Q
Air-flow therapy nozzle should be held _______ from the tooth
and at a ________ degree angle.
A
3mm
45
23
Q
Air-flow therapy removes and disrupts ________, removes ______ and polishes teeth, and has a therapeutic effect on ________.
A
biofilm
stains
gingiva
24
Q
Air-flow therapy should trace a half ______ along gum line and moving up tooth at ______ degrees while angling into the __________.
A
circle
90
interproximal
25
Alberto has positioned the working end of a sickle scaler apical to (beneath) a large supragingival calculus deposit. Which of the following is the recommended angulation for a calculus removal stroke with a sickle scaler?
A) 0 degree to 40 degrees
B) 50 degrees to 70 degrees
C) 60 degrees to 70 degrees
D) 70 degrees to 80 degrees
D) 70 degrees to 80 degrees
26
An anterior **sickle scaler** has a **rounded toe**. One working end is used for the facial surfaces and the opposite working end is used for lingual surfaces.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
B) Both statements are **false**.
27
An explorer provides the most tactile information to the clinician's fingers. During calculus removal, the curet is used for calculus detection until all deposits that are detectable with the curet have been removed.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
A) Both statements are true.
28
An instrument designed for **subgingival** use on **anterior teeth** would have a
A. simple shank design with a short functional shank length
B. simple shank design with a long functional shank length
C. complex shank design with a short functional shank length
D. complex shank design with a long functional shank length
B. **simple shank** design with a **long** functional shank length
**long = subgingival**
29
An instrument designed for **supragingival** use on **posterior** teeth would have a \_\_\_\_\_.
A) Simple shank design with a short functional shank length
B) Complex shank design with a short functional shank length
C) Simple shank design with a long functional shank length
D) Complex shank design with a long functional shank length
B) **Complex shank** design with a **short** functional shank length
**Complex = Posterior**
**Short = Supra**
30
An instrument is identified as a Gracey 11/12. The Gracey in the name indicates the \_\_\_\_\_.
A) Exact identification of each working end of the instrument
B) Code for the location where the instrument was manufactured
C) Function that the instrument is intended to perform
D) Name of the individual who originally designed the instrument
D) Name of the individual who originally designed the instrument
31
An instrument that is **flipped** during patient treatment so the clinician can use the other end is a \_\_\_\_\_.
A) Single-ended instrument
B) Extended instrument
C) Unpaired instrument
D) Double-ended instrument
D) **Double-ended** instrument
32
An instrument that is not balanced is more difficult to use and stresses the muscles of the hand and arm. All instruments with paired working ends are balanced.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
33
An instrument with two dissimilar working-ends will have ______________ working ends.
A. paired
B. unpaired
C. none of the above
D. single-ended
B. unpaired
34
Angulation
The angle formed by the working end of an instrument with the surface to which the instrument is applied
35
Another name for the **lower shank** is the
A. extended shank
B. overall shank
C. functional shank
D. terminal shank
D. **terminal shank**
36
Another term for the **texturing** on an instrument handle is \_\_\_\_\_.
A) Weight
B) Balance
C) Tactile sensitivity
D) Knurling
D) **Knurling**
37
Balance instrument is where the working end is centered on a line running through the long axis of the handle.
True
False
True
38
Biofilm can be _______ destroyed and is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
mechanically ; non-mineralized
39
Biofilm was named so by __________ in 1978.
Bill Costerton
40
Blade
Working end of an instrument with special design for a particular clinical treatment
41
Calculus deposits **adjacent** to _________ are removed first, those near the ________ are removed last.
A) junctional epithelium; gingival margin
B) gingival margin; base of the pocket
C) proximal surface; facial
D) roots; enamel
A) junctional epithelium; gingival margin
42
Calculus not detected at midlines of anteriors may be due to **not using** horizontal strokes. Undetected deposits on mesials and distals may be due to **overlapping** strokes.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is **false**.
43
Calculus removal strokes are activated by **pushing** the working end toward the junctional epithelium (base of the pocket). Before beginning a calculus removal stroke, the hand is **stabilized** by applying inward pressure against the handle with the middle finger and thumb.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
B) Both statements are **false**.
44
Cross sections
**Curet**: Semicurcular (rounded) cross section = **Toe**
***Supra and subgingival use***
**Sickle scaler**: Triangular cross section = **Tip**
***Supragingiva*l use ONLY**
45
Curet will be triangular in cross section. Sickle will be semi-circular.
True
False
False
46
Curet:
Area Specific Curet
A specialized instrument designed with specific angles in the shank for adaptation to a certain group of tooth surfaces
47
Curet:
Universal Curet
A curet designed for use on any tooth surface where the adaptation, angulation, and other principles of the instrument used can be correctly and effectively accomplished.
48
Curettage:
Removal of **inflamed** soft tissue lining of a pocket wall.
49
Curet
A curved, **rounded** dental instrument utilized for scaling, root planing, and gingival curettage.
**Semicircular**
50
Does the instrument pictured below have mirror image?
A) Yes
B) No
A) Yes
51
Dominant hand
The hand generally used for performing fine tasks such as writing and holding instruments for scaling
52
Effective calculus removal depends on a combination of firm lateral pressure and an angulation of between **50 and 60 degrees**. Inadequate lateral pressure and/or incorrect **angulation** can result in a **burnished** calculus deposit.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
53
Effie is instrumenting the line angle region of a molar tooth with a sickle scaler. To maintain adaptation, Effie should \_\_\_\_\_.
A) Switch to the other cutting edge of the working end
B) Roll the instrument handle slightly
C) Use a sickle with a simple shank design
D) Use very light lateral pressure against the tooth
B) Roll the instrument handle slightly
54
Explorers are made of a **flexible** metal that will bend easily. Explorers are **semi-circular** in cross section.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true. The second statement is false.
D. The first statment is false. The second statement is true.
C. The first statement is **true**. The second statement is **false**.
55
Explorers are made of strong, rigid metal that does not bend easily. Explorers are **circular** in cross section.
A) Both statements are TRUE
B) Both statements are FALSE
C) The first statement is TRUE; the second statement is FALSE
D) The first statement is FALSE; the second statement is TRUE
D) The first statement is FALSE; the second statement is TRUE
56
Finger Rest
For an intraoral rest, the place on a tooth or teeth where the third or ring finger of the hand holding the instrument is placed to provide stabilization and control during activation of the instrument
57
For successful instrumentation, **correct angulation** of the working end must be maintained throughout the instrumentation stroke. **Incorrect angulation** can result in a **burnished** calculus deposit.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
A) Both statements are true.
58
For the instrument illustrated below, working end A is identified as \_\_\_\_\_.
A) G
B) G1
C) G2
D) G1/2
B) G1
59
Fulcrum
The support upon which a lever rests while force intended to produce motion is exerted
60
Functional shank:
the portion of the shank that allows the **working-end** to be adapted to the **tooth surface**
61
Glycine powder can result in ______ load of ___________ gingivalis in oral cavity.
decreased
porphy**romonas**
62
Gordon wants to select the correct **working end** of an explorer for use on a **molar**. Which of the visual clues should he use?
A) Posterior = parallel
B) Functional shank _down and around_ the tooth
C) Functional shank **up and over** the tooth
D) Both posterior = parallel and functional shank up and over the tooth
D) Both **posterior = parallel**
and
functional shank **up and over** the tooth
63
Greg wants to remove a **medium-size** calculus deposit located approximately 5 mm **below** the **gingival margin**. Greg's efforts will be most successful if he selects a **universal curet** with which of the following design characteristics?
A. a smaller (i.e., "mini") working end
B. a flexible shank
C. long lower shank length
D. all of the above
C. **long lower shank length**
64
The fingers of the dominant hand should be relaxed between calculus removal strokes. Lateral pressure should be exerted immediately prior to beginning a calculus removal stroke.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
A) Both statements are true.
65
Which explorer would be a poor choice for calculus detection on **interproximal surfaces**?
A) Shepherd hook
B) Pigtail (Cowhorn)
C) Orban type
D) 11/12 type
E) Pigtail and 11/12 type
C) Orban type
66
Hilda wants to select the correct working end of a double-ended sickle scaler for a **posterior** sextant. What visual clue should she look for to select the correct end?
A) Lower shank should be **parallel** to the distal surface
B) Lower shank should extend across the facial surface
C) Lower shank should be tilted slightly toward the distal surface
D) Lower shank should be longer than height of the crown
A) Lower shank should be **parallel** to the distal surface
67
If your fulcrum finger is "in the line of fire" it will be \_\_\_\_\_.
A) Over the surface being instrumented
B) A tooth away from the one being instrumented
C) At risk for an exposure
D) Answers A and C are correct.
D) Answers A and C are correct.
68
In preparation for inserting the working end **beneath the gingival margin** on the **facial** aspect of a **molar tooth**, the clinician should do which of the following?
A) Tilt the lower shank and the face of the curet slightly away from the facial surface
B) Lower the hand and the instrument handle until the curet toe is pointing toward the gingival margin
C) Observe the relationship between the facial surface and the functional shank of the instrument; the functional shank should be parallel to the distal surface
D) Observe the relationship between the facial surface of the molar and the lower shank of the instrument; the lower shank should be parallel to the distal surface
B) Lower the hand and the instrument handle until the **curet** **toe** is **pointing toward** the **gingival margin**
**curet toe** is pointing toward the **gingival margin**
69
Indirect vision
Use of a dental mouth mirror to view the area of instrumentation is performed
70
**Insertion** is the action of moving the working end of an instrument beneath the gingival margin and into the sulcus or pocket. For insertion, the instrument **face** should be positioned as **far away from the tooth** surface as possible.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
71
Instead of using visual information, the clinician must rely on his or her **sense of touch** to locate the calculus deposits hidden beneath the gingival margin.
True
False
True
72
Instrumentation Zone
Section of the tooth where treatment is **indicated** and instrumentation is **performed**
73
Instruments that are designed to **remove calculus** from **crowns and roots** of teeth are called \_\_\_\_\_.
A) Sickle scalers
B) Explorers
C) Curets
D) Periodontal files
C) Curets
**Supra and Sub**
74
Instruments with **flexible shanks** are designed to \_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) Remove heavy calculus deposits
B) Crush calculus deposits
C) Decrease the tactile sensitivity for less fatigue
D) **Enhance** the tactile sensitivity for the clinician
D) **Enhance the tactile sensitivity** for the clinician
75
Is the instrument pictured below balanced?
A) Yes
B) No
A) Yes
76
The instrument has a pointed tip, pointed back, and is **triangular** in cross section. What design classification is this instrument?
A) Explorer
B) Sickle scaler
C) Universal curet
D) Area-specific curet
B) Sickle scaler
77
What is the function of **sickle scaler**?
A) Detect the texture and character of tooth surfaces
B) Remove large supragingival calculus deposits
C) Remove large subgingival calculus deposits
D) Check for bleeding of the gingival tissues
B) Remove large **supra**gingival calculus deposits
78
James' instrument **cuts** the soft tissue of the **gingiva**. Which of the following is the most likely cause of tissue trauma?
A) Inserting the working end beneath the gingival margin at a 0 degree angulation
B) Asking the patient to assume a chin down position
C) Establishing a face-to-tooth surface angulation of 75 degrees
D) Adapting the **middle third** of the working end to the tooth
D) Adapting the **middle third** of the working end to the tooth
**Not keeping the Tip third on the tooth**
79
John consistently fails to detect calculus deposits at the line angles of posterior teeth. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
A) Not using **horizontal strokes** to assess the **line angle** area
B) Using a relaxed grasp during assessment strokes
C) Middle finger resting lightly on the instrument shank
D) Using an inappropriate explorer for calculus detection
A) Not using horizontal strokes to assess the line angle area
80
Juan wants to obtain the correct **adaptation** of a **sickle scaler** on the **distal** surface of the mandibular 1st **molar**. What visual clues should he look for to determine that he has established correct adaptation?
A) Lower shank should be parallel to the distal surface
B) Lower shank should extend across the facial surface
C) Lower shank should be tilted slightly toward the distal surface
D) Lower shank should be tilted slightly away from the distal surface
C) **Lower shank** should be **tilted** slightly
toward the **distal surface**
81
Judy has **burnished** the surface of a calculus deposit. Which of the following technique errors is the most likely cause of the burnishing?
A) Incorrect angulation during calculus removal
B) Incorrect use of an explorer
C) Incorrect angulation during insertion
D) Incorrect adaptation of the working end
A) Incorrect **angulation** during calculus removal
82
Lateral pressure
The minimal pressure that is required of an instrument against the tooth or soft tissue to accomplish the objective of the designated assessment or treatment
83
Linda is getting ready to **initiate** a calculus removal stroke with a **sickle scaler**. Which of the following correctly describes the type of **lateral pressure** that Linda should apply?
A) Light pressure against the tooth surface
B) Moderate to firm scaling pressure against the tooth surface
C) **Contact** with the tooth surface, but **no pressure**
D) Very heavy pressure sufficient to gouge the tooth surface
C) **Contact** with the tooth surface,
but **no pressure**
84
Lorelei tells you that she can never feel subgingival calculus deposits with her explorer no matter where the deposits are located. Which of the following technique errors is the most likely cause of Lorelei's inability to detect calculus?
A) She is using the wrong explorer.
B) She is resting her middle finger on the instrument handle.
C) She is not inserting the working end to the base of the sulcus.
D) She is holding the instrument handle with her thumb and index finger.
B) She is resting her middle finger on the instrument handle.
85
Lower shank:
the portion of the **functional shank** that is nearest to the **working-end**;
also called the “**terminal**” shank
86
Maria is getting ready to remove large **supragingival** calculus deposits from the **posterior** teeth. Which design characteristic should a sickle scaler have for this task?
A) A very flexible functional shank
B) A rounded back
C) A simple shank design
D) A complex shank design
D) A **complex** shank design
87
Marie wants to select the correct **working end** of a **double-ended universal curet** for an **anterior** tooth. What visual clue should she look for to select the correct end?
A. Lower shank does not go across the tooth surface
B. Lower shank should be parallel to the distal surface
C. Lower shank should be parallel to the distal surface
D. Lower shank **goes across** the tooth surface
D. Lower shank **goes across** the tooth surface
88
Mary consistently **fails to detect calculus** deposits no matter where the deposits are located. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
A) Not overlapping her assessment strokes at the line angles and midlines
B) Not inserting the working end to the junctional epithelium
C) Not extending strokes apical to the contact area
D) Not resting her **middle finger** lightly on the instrument **shank**
D) Not resting her middle finger lightly on the instrument shank
89
What is the correct working end of an **explorer** for use on a mandibular **molar?**
A) The working end on the facial surface pointing forward; if the lower shank goes across the facial surface, this working end is correct.
B) The working end on the distal surface; if the lower shank is parallel to the distal surface, this working end is correct
C) The working end on the distal surface; if the lower shank goes across the distal surface, this working end is correct
D) The working end on the facial surface pointing forward; if the lower shank goes across the facial surface, this working end is correct and she should place the working end on the distal surface; if the lower shank goes across the distal surface, this working end is correct.
B) She should place the working end on the **distal** surface; if the **lower shank** is **parallel** to the distal surface, this working end is correct
90
Of all the instruments in your cassettes, which ones have the most flexible shanks?
A. the curets
B. the sickles
C. the probes
D. the explorers
D. the explorers
91
Offset blade
The blade of an area-specific Gracey curet in which the lower shank is at a 70 degree angle to the face of the blade;
contrasts with a universal curet blade, which is at a 90 degree angle with the lower shank
92
One of the design characteristics of a **universal curet** is that is has a _____ shank.
A. Complex
B. Short
C. Straight
D.Simple
A. Complex
93
One to two millimeters of the **side of the explorer's working end** is known as the \_\_\_\_\_.
A) Functional length
B) Explorer tip
C) Explorer point
D) Explorer protuberance
B) Explorer **tip**
94
Orban explorer
#17
**Subgingival** calculus detection on:
Anterior root surfaces
Facial and lingual root surfaces of posterior teeth
Bent tip allows the **back of the tip** (instead of the point) to be directed against the soft tissue base of the sulcus/pocket
-Excellent for use on anterior teeth
95
Paired working ends are working ends that are exact mirror images of each other. Some double-ended instruments have unpaired, dissimilar working ends.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
A) Both statements are true.
96
Parts of the Explorer:
Tip
The tip is **1 to 2 mm** of the **side** of the explorer.
The tip is adapted to the tooth for detection of calculus deposits.
97
Parts of the working end:
## Footnote
**Cutting edges**
The cutting edge is a **sharp edge** formed where the **face** and **lateral** surfaces **meet**.
## Footnote
**Most working-ends have two cutting edges.**
98
Parts of the working-end. Choose which one does not apply
## Footnote
a. Back e. Middle third
b. Heel third f. Terminal shank
c. Cutting edges g. Face
d. Leading third h. Lateral surface
f. Terminal shank
99
Parts of the working end:
Face/Back
The shaded surface on this illustration is the **face**.
The surface opposite the face is the **back** of the working-end.
100
Parts of working end:
Lateral surface
The surfaces on either **side of the face** are called the lateral surfaces of the working-end.
101
Perio Powder - **Glycine**
**extra fine**, low density, used on any tooth surface
or restorative materials
102
Pigtail and Cowhorn Explorer
Calculus detection in **normal sulci or shallow pockets** extending **no deeper** than the **cervical-third** of the root
The curved lower shank causes considerable stretching of the tissue away from the root surface.
103
Positioning the first **1 mm - 2 mm** of the working end's **lateral surface** in **contact with the tooth**" is a definition for which of the following?
A) Insertion
B) Angulation
C) Parallelism
D) Adaptation
D) Adaptation
104
Priscilla wants to explore a **narrow** **periodontal pocket** located on the facial surface of an **incisor** tooth. She should select an explorer with which of the following design characteristics?
A) A long, complex shank design
B) A pointed working end
C) Lower shank that is highly curved
D) A long, simple shank design
D) A long, simple shank design
Anterior explorer = **Sub**
105
Removing **supragingival** calculus deposits is a challenging task since the clinician cannot see the deposits **hidden beneath the gingival margin.** Instrumentation zones are used to divide the root surface into a series of narrow tracts.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
D) The first statement is **false**; the second statement is true.
106
Rodney wants to explore a periodontal pocket on a molar tooth with a probing depth of 5 mm. He should select an explorer with which of the following design characteristics?
A) A long, complex shank design
B) A pointed working end
C) Lower shank that is highly curved
D) A long, simple shank design
A) A long, complex shank design
107
Rosali needs to remove a very **large supragingival calculus deposit**. Which of the following approaches should she use?
A) Remove the deposit layer by layer beginning with the outermost layer
B) Remove the deposit in sections
C) Both of the techniques described are acceptable
D) Neither of the techniques is acceptable
B) Remove the deposit in **sections**
**A) would cause burnishing = bad**
108
Sadie wants to improve her ability to detect calculus. Which of the following techniques will help her achieve this goal?
A) Lightly resting her middle finger on the shank
B) Applying pressure with her middle finger against the shank
C) Lightly resting her middle finger on the handle
D) Applying pressure with her middle finger against the handle
A) **Lightly** resting her middle finger on the shank
109
Scaling
Instrumentation of a tooth surface to
## Footnote
**remove calculus and biofilm**
110
Sela is employing oblique calculus removal strokes with a sickle scaler. Because she is using **oblique strokes**, Sela is most likely instrumenting which of the following tooth surfaces?
A) Facial surface of a molar
B) Mesial surface of canine
C) Distal surface of a premolar
D) Midline of the facial surface of an incisor
A) Facial surface of a molar
111
Select the recommended HANDLE selection criteria. Choose all that apply.
Select the Correct Answers
a. Raised texturing
b. Small handle diameter
c. Large diameter (10mm)
d. Lightweight, hollow handle
e. heavy, solid metal handles
f. Handle tapers near shank
a. Raised texturing
c. Large diameter (10mm)
d. Lightweight, hollow handle
f. Handle tapers near shank
112
Seth is about to initiate a calculus removal stroke with a **sickle scale**r. Which of the following is **correct** technique for a calculus removal stroke?
A) Relax the index finger and the thumb in the grasp
B) Lift the ring finger off the tooth during the stroke
C) Apply pressure against the handle with index finger and thumb
D) Adjust the instrument face-to-tooth angulation to 60 degrees
C) Apply **pressure** against the **handle** with **index finger** and **thumb**
113
Shank design:
Complex shank
for use on posterior teeth
(also called **angled** or **curved** shanks)
Complex shank with **short** functional length = ***Supra**gingival* posterior
Complex shank with long functional length = **Sub**gingival posterior
114
Shank design:
Simple shank
for use on anterior teeth
(also called straight shanks)
Simple shank with **short** functional length = ***Supra**gingival* anterior
Simple shank with **long** functional length = ***Sub**gingival* anterior
115
Shank flexibility:
Ridgid shank
removes heavy deposits
116
Shank flexibility:
Flexible shank
removes small to medium deposits
117
Shank:
Effect of Shank Length
Too short a distance limits action
**Extended lower** shank length permits accessing the blade into **deep pockets** along narrow roots, and into furcation areas
118
Shank
The part of the instrument **between the handle** and the **working end**
119
Sheryl wants to select the **correct working end** of a double-ended area-specific curet for an **anterior tooth**. What visual clue should she look for to select the correct end?
A. Lower shank should be parallel to the distal surface
B. Lower shank should be parallel to the mesial surface
C. Face tilts slightly toward the facial surface
D. Face tilts slightly away from the facial surface
C. Face tilts slightly **toward** the facial surface
120
Sickle scalers that are designed exclusively for anterior teeth have what type of shank?
A. simple
B. complex
C. complex and/or simple
D. flexible
A. simple
121
**Simple** shank, **short** functional shank length
a. Shank design for anterior teeth (Supra)
b. Shank design for posterior teeth (Supra)
a. Shank design for **anterior teeth (Supra)**
122
Stanley wants to adapt the working end of a **sickle scaler** to a **molar** tooth. Which of the following sickle design characteristics must Stanley be aware of to obtain correct adaptation?
A) Back is pointed
B) Cutting edges meet in a pointed tip
C) Face is perpendicular to lower shank
D) Two cutting edges per working end
C) Face is **perpendicular** to lower shank
123
Stroke
A single unbroken movement made by an instrument against a tooth surface during an examination a treatment procedure to accomplish a particular objective; the motion made for activation of an instrument
124
**Sub**gingival calculus deposits are \_\_\_\_\_.
A) Tiny remnants of calculus
B) Located above the gingival margin
C) Located beneath the gingival margin
D) Located at the line angles of posterior teeth
C) Located **beneath** the gingival margin
125
Subgingival:
use of an instrument apical to (**beneath**) the gingival margin
126
Supragingival:
use of an instrument coronal to (**above**) the gingival margin
127
Tactile sensitivity is \_\_\_\_\_.
A) The way that the clinician's fingers are placed on the instrument handle
B) The clinician's ability to feel things through the instrument shank and handle
C) The surface irregularities found subgingivally on the teeth
D) The correct relationship between the working end and the tooth surface
B) The clinician's ability to **feel things** through the instrument shank and handle
128
What is the technique for assessment strokes
**Grasp**—_relaxed grasp_, middle finger rests _lightly_ on shank
**Adaptation**—1 to 2 mm of _side of tip_
**Lateral Pressure**—feather-light pressure against tooth
**Strokes**—fluid, sweeping strokes
Make many (2-3mm) overlapping, multidirectional strokes to assess the entire root surface.
129
Thaddeus will have better success in **detecting subgingival calculus** deposits if he uses assessment strokes with \_\_\_\_\_.
A) Light pressure
B) Moderate pressure
C) Heavy pressure
D) Intermittent pressure
A) Light pressure
130
The clinician should **not** use a **shepherd hook** explorer for **subgingival** calculus detection because \_\_\_\_\_.
A) It has a curved lower shank that would get in the way
B) It is available only as a single-ended instrument and would not adapt well
C) It has a long, straight functional shank works best on anterior teeth
D) The **sharp point** is directed toward the junctional epithelium
D) **The sharp point is directed toward the junctional epithelium**
131
The clinician should use the actual point of an explorer's working end to detect which of the following?
A) Dental caries
B) Calculus deposits
C) Junctional epithelium
D) None of the above
A) Dental caries
132
The clinician should use the **actual point** of an explorer's working end to detect which of the following?
A) Dental caries
B) Calculus deposits
C) Junctional epithelium
D) None of the above
A) Dental caries
133
The cross section of the lead pencil pictured below is semicircular. The pencil's cross section is exposed by cutting through the pencil at right angles to its longest dimension.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
134
The cross-section of a curet is _______________ by design.
A.circular
B. semicircular
C. triangular
D. rectangular
B. semicircular
135
The cutting edges of a sickle scaler meet in a \_\_\_\_\_.
A) Toe
B) Tip
C) Point
D) Tip and a point
B) Tip
136
The **face** to **lower shank angle** of a **universal sickle** or **curet** is at:
A. It depends on how you hold the instrument.
B. 90 degrees.
C. 70 degrees.
D. 45 degrees.
B. **90 degrees.**
137
Which explorer would you choose to use for **caries detection**?
A) Shepherd hook
B) Pigtail (Cowhorn)
C) Orban type
D) 11/12 type
E) Pigtail and 11/12 type
A) Shepherd hook
138
Which explorer would be the best choice to use in **narrow** periodontal pockets on the maxillary **anterior lingual**?
A) Shepherd hook
B) Pigtail (Cowhorn)
C) Orban type
D) 11/12 type
E) Pigtail and 11/12 type
C) Orban type
139
Which explorer has a **curved lower shank** that causes considerable stretching of the tissue from the root?
A) Shepherd hook
B) Pigtail (Cowhorn)
C) Orban type
D) 11/12 type
E) Pigtail and 11/12 type
B) Pigtail (Cowhorn)
140
Which explorer(s) are recommended for calculus detection in **normal sulci**?
A) Shepherd hook
B) Pigtail (Cowhorn)
C) Orban type
D) 11/12 type
E) Pigtail and 11/12 type
E) Pigtail and 11/12 type
141
Which explorer would you select for use in **deep periodontal pockets** on **posterior** teeth?
A) Shepherd hook
B) Pigtail (Cowhorn)
C) Orban type
D) 11/12 type
E) Pigtail and 11/12 type
D) 11/12 type
142
Which explorer would be a **poor choice** for calculus detection on **interproximal surfaces**?
A) Shepherd hook
B) Pigtail (Cowhorn)
C) Orban type
D) 11/12 type
E) Pigtail and 11/12 type
C) Orban type
143
Which explorer would be the best choice to use in **narrow** periodontal pockets on the maxillary **anterior lingual**?
A) Shepherd hook
B) Pigtail (Cowhorn)
C) Orban type
D) 11/12 type
E) Pigtail and 11/12 type
C) Orban type
144
Which explorer has a **curved lower shank** that causes considerable stretching of the tissue from the root?
A) Shepherd hook
B) Pigtail (Cowhorn)
C) Orban type
D) 11/12 type
E) Pigtail and 11/12 type
B) Pigtail (Cowhorn)
145
Which explorer is able to detect calculus in **both shallow and deep** periodontal pockets?
A) Shepherd hook
B) Pigtail (Cowhorn)
C) Orban type
D) 11/12 type
E) Pigtail and 11/12 type
D) **11/12** type
146
The functional shank begins below the working-end and extends to the last bend in the shank nearest to the handle. The section of the functional shank that is nearest to the working-end is termed the lower shank.
a. Both statements are incorrect.
b. Both statements are correct.
c. The first statement is incorrect. The second one is correct.
d. The first statement is correct. The second one is incorrect.
b. Both statements are correct.
147
The "**Get-Ready Zone**" is in the _____ of the crown.
A) Gingival third
B) Middle third
C) Occlusal third
D) Incisal third
B) **Middle third**
148
The **leading-third** is the portion of the working-end that should be kept in contact with the tooth surface during instrumentation. On a **sickle**, the leading-third is termed the **toe- third** of the working-end.
A) Both statements are TRUE
B) Both statements are FALSE
C) The first statement is TRUE; the second statement is FALSE
D) The first statement is FALSE; the second statement is TRUE
C) The first statement is TRUE; the second statement is **FALSE**
FALSE = **Tip-third**
149
The lower shank (terminal shank) is important in SELECTING the CORRECT working end of an instrument.
True
False
True
150
The part of the working end indicated by the arrow in the illustration shown below is called the \_\_\_\_\_.
A) Face
B) Back
C) Lateral surface
D) Cutting edge
D) Cutting edge
151
The pointed **tip** of a **sickle scaler** \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) Provides easy access to root furcations.
B) Provides strength to remove a large ledge of calculus.
C) Provides good access to proximal surfaces apical to contact areas.
D) None of the above.
C) Provides good access to **proximal surfaces** apical to contact areas.
152
The portion of the instrument shank that is nearest the working end (shown below) is called the \_\_\_\_\_.
A) Functional shank
B) Extended shank
C) Lower shank
D) Standard shank
C) Lower shank
153
The portion of the instrument that goes "**up and over**" the tooth when selecting the correct working end of a universal curet in the **posterior** is the **terminal shank.**
True
False
**False** = **functional shank**
154
The purpose of establishing the proper degree of angulation with the instrument against the tooth, is that if the **angulation is incorrect** \_\_\_\_\_.
A) Tissue can be injured upon insertion
B) Calculus will be burnished instead of removed
C) Tissue can be injured during the scaling stroke
D) All of the choices are correct
D) All of the choices are correct
155
"The relationship between the **face** of a calculus removal **instrument** and the **tooth surface** to which it is applied" is a definition for which of the following?
A) Insertion
B) Angulation
C) Adaptation
D) Parallelism
B) **Angulation**
**calculus removal angulation = 45-90 degrees**
Insertion = 0-40 degrees
156
The shaded part of the working end in the illustration shown below is called the \_\_\_\_\_.
A) Face
B) Back
C) Lateral surface
D) Cutting edge
C) Lateral surface
157
The shaded part of the working end in the illustration shown below is called the \_\_\_\_\_.
A) Face
B) Back
C) Lateral surface
D) Cutting edge
A) Face
158
The shank of an instrument designed with bends in a **front-to-back** and **side-to-side** direction has which of the following:
A) A Simple Shank
B) A Straight Shank
C) A Rigid Straight Shank
D) A Complex Shank
D) A Complex Shank
159
The **triangular** cross section of a sickle scaler limits use to above the gingival margin. The pointed tip and back could cause tissue trauma.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
A) Both statements are true.
160
The two parts of the working end that form the cutting edge are the \_\_\_\_\_.
A) Face and back
B) Toe and back
C) Face and lateral surface
D) Back and lateral surface
C) Face and lateral surface
161
Three instrument handle characteristics are listed below. Which one of the following is **not** a characteristic of the instrument handle
a. Instrument weight
b. length
c. Handle diameter
d. Texture
b. length
162
To improve calculus detection, the clinician should apply **firm pressure** against the tooth surface. Many overlapping strokes should be used during assessment of the root surface.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
D) The first statement is **false**
the second statement is true.
163
To select the **correct** working end for use on the **distal** surface of a **molar** tooth, the clinician should do which of the following?
A) Tilt the lower shank and the face of the curet slightly away from the distal surface
B) Lower the hand and handle until the curet face-to-tooth surface angulation is near to 0 degree
C) Observe the relationship between the distal surface of the molar and the lower shank of the instrument; the lower shank should be perpendicular to the distal surface
D) Observe the relationship between the distal surface of the molar and the lower shank of the instrument; the **lower shank should be parallel** to the **distal surface**
D) Observe the relationship between the distal surface of the molar and the lower shank of the instrument; the **lower shank should be parallel to the distal surface**
164
Using an **explorer**, Louis would detect all of the following conditions as **raised above** the level of the **tooth surface** except \_\_\_\_\_.
A) Ledge of calculus
B) Spicule of calculus
C) Restoration with an overhanging margin
D) Root caries
D) Root caries
165
What are the advantages of using flexible shank?
Used to locate calculus deposits **hidden beneath** the gingival margin
166
What is the correct sequence for establishing a finger rest?
A. my patient (patient chair and head position), me (clock position), my equipment (light), my nondominant hand (mirror), my dominant hand (grasp), establish finger rest
B.me (clock position), my patient (patient chair and head position), my equipment (light), my dominant hand (grasp), my nondominant hand (mirror), establish finger rest
C. me (clock position), my patient (patient chair and head position), my equipment (light), my nondominant hand (mirror), my dominant hand (grasp), establish finger rest
D. my patient (patient chair and head position), me (clock position), my equipment (light), my dominant hand (grasp), my nondominant hand (mirror), establish finger rest
C. me (clock position), my patient (patient chair and head position), my equipment (light), my nondominant hand (mirror), my dominant hand (grasp), establish finger rest
167
What is the function of the middle finger in the modified pen grasp?
A. to stabilize the hand in the mouth
B. to roll the instrument
C. to guide the working end and feel vibrations
D. to hold the instrument handle
C. to guide the working end and **feel vibrations**
168
When the name and number are marked around an instrument handle, the first number on the left identifies the working end at the \_\_\_\_\_.
A) Bottom
B) Top
B) Top
169
When using and 11/12-type explorer on maxillary anterior teeth, the correct working-end:
A) Curves outward away from the tissue
B) Curves toward the tooth surface
C) Is perpendicular to the distofacial surface
D) Both B and C
B) Curves toward the tooth surface
170
When working beneath the gingival margin in a sulcus or pocket, a face-to-tooth surface angulation of **95** degrees would most likely result in \_\_\_\_\_.
A) Efficient calculus removal
B) Burnished calculus deposit
C) Tissue trauma
D) A broken working end
C) **Tissue trauma**
171
Which of the following correctly describes the character of the instrumentation strokes used with a **calculus removal stroke**?
A) Flowing strokes, very short in length
B) Flowing strokes of moderate length
C) Biting strokes, short in length
D) Powerful strokes, long in length
C) **Biting** strokes
**short** in length
172
Which of the following correctly describes the character of the instrumentation strokes used for **calculus removal** with a **sickle scaler**?
A) Flowing strokes, very short in length
B) Flowing strokes of moderate length
C) A short biting stroke
D) Powerful strokes, long in length
C) A **short**
**biting** stroke
173
Which of the following correctly describes the type of **lateral pressure** used with a **calculus removal stroke**?
A) Light to moderate pressure against the tooth surface
B) Moderate pressure to snap deposit from tooth
C) In contact with the tooth surface, but no pressure
D) Heavy pressure sufficient to gouge the tooth surface
B) **Moderate** pressure to **snap deposit** from tooth
Calculus removal strokes:
**Lateral pressure = Firm**
Pinch pressure = Moderate
174
Which of the following correctly describes the type of **lateral pressure** used with an **assessment stroke**?
A) Light to moderate pressure against the tooth surface
B) Moderate to firm scraping pressure against the tooth surface
C) In contact with the tooth surface, but no pressure
D) Heavy pressure sufficient to gouge the tooth surface
C) In **contact** with the tooth surface, but **no pressure**
175
Which of the following instrument design characteristics causes
**increased muscle fatigue**?
A) Lightweight handle
B) Balanced instrument
C) Handles with bumpy texture
D) Small-diameter handle
D) **Small-diameter handle**
176
Which of the following is an example of an **assessment** instrument?
A) Sickle scaler
B) Explorer
C) Curet
D) Periodontal file
B) Explorer
177
Which of the following is **NOT** a design characteristic of a **sickle scaler**?
A. One cutting edge per working end
B. Two cutting edges per working end
C. Face is perpendicular to the lower shank
D. A pointed tip
A. **One cutting edge** per working end
178
Which of the following is **not a function** of **explorers**?
A) Detect the texture of tooth surfaces
B) Detect calculus deposits
C) Examine occlusal surfaces for dental caries
D) Assess sealant retention
D) **Assess sealant retention**
179
Which of the following is the recommended **angulation** for a **calculus removal stroke**?
A) 0 to 40 degrees
B) 50 to 70 degrees
C) 60 to 95 degrees
D) 70 to 80 degrees
D) **70 to 80 degrees**
180
Which of the following situations would be an appropriate use of a **posterior sickle scaler**?
A) Removal of light calculus on an exposed root surface
B) Removal of heavy subgingival calculus on the distal surface of a molar
C) Removal of **medium-size supragingival** calculus on the facial surface of a molar
D) Removal of heavy calculus on the lingual of mandibular anterior teeth
C) Removal of **medium-size supragingival** calculus
on the **facial surface** of a **molar**
181
Which of the following situations would be considered an inappropriate use of a **sickle scaler**?
A) Removal of supragingival calculus on the distal of tooth 24
B) Removal of supragingival calculus on the buccal of tooth 3
C) Removal of **subgingival** calculus on the mesial of tooth 12
D) Removal of supragingival calculus on the lingual of tooth 30
C) Removal of **subgingival** calculus on the mesial of tooth 12
182
Which of the following statements about **angulation is true**?
A) The face-to-tooth surface angulation for calculus removal is between 45 degrees and 60 degrees.
B) The face-to-tooth surface angulation for **insertion** of the working end beneath the gingival margin is between 45 degrees and 60 degrees.
C) The face-to-tooth surface angulation for calculus removal is between 60 degrees and 80 degrees.
D) The face-to-tooth surface angulation for **insertion** of the working end beneath the gingival margin is between 60 degrees and 80 degrees.
C) The face-to-tooth surface angulation for **calculus removal** is between
## Footnote
**60 degrees - 80 degrees.**
183
Which of the following stroke directions is most commonly used with a sickle scaler on the facial and lingual surfaces of the crowns of **molar** teeth?
A) Oblique
B) Vertical
C) Horizontal
D) Circumferential
A) Oblique
184
Which of the following stroke directions is most commonly used with the anterior sickle scaler while instrumenting the **interproximals** of mandibular anterior teeth?
A) Oblique
B) Vertical
C) Horizontal
D) Circumferential
B) Vertical
185
Which of the following techniques should be used to remove a
very large **supra**gingival calculus deposit?
A) Remove the deposit layer-by-layer beginning with the outermost layer
B) Remove the deposit in sections
C) Both of the techniques described are acceptable
D) Neither of the techniques described is acceptable
B) Remove the deposit in sections
186
Which part of the working end of a **sickle scaler** is used for calculus removal?
A) Tip third of cutting edge
B) Pointed tip
C) Half of the cutting edge
D) Tip third of cutting edge and pointed tip
A) **Tip third** of cutting edge
187
Which shank can removed **large calculus** deposit with less effort.
a. Flexible shank
b. Rigid shank
b. Rigid shank
188
Why is shank flexibility important?
Enhances the amount of **tactile information** transmitted to clinician’s fingers.
Explorers used to **detect deposits beneath gingival margin.**
**Vibrations** are created when working-end quivers over tooth surface irregularities
189
Working end
Refers to that part used to carry out the purpose and function of the instrument.
Each end is unique to the particular instrument
190
Yasmin wants to explore a molar tooth. How should she begin?
A) Place the tip on the distofacial line angle and work forward toward the mesial surface
B) Place the tip on the distofacial line angle and work back onto the distal surface
C) Place the tip on the midline of the facial surface and work toward the nondominant hand
D) Place the tip on the midline of the facial surface and work toward her dominant hand
B) Place the tip on the **distofacial** line angle and work **back** onto the **distal** surface
191
You are going to instrument the distal of a mandibular first **molar**. Which of the following is the correct visual clue with a posterior **sickle scaler** to choose the **correct working-end**?
A) Look down at the face of the sickle scaler and find the outer edge closest to the handle
B) Look down at the face of the sickle scaler and choose the shorter cutting edge
C) Look down at the face of the sickle scaler and find the **inner edge** _further_ from the handle
D) Look down at the face of the sickle scaler and find the **inner edge closest** to the handle
D) Look down at the face of the sickle scaler and
find the **inner edge closest** to the handle
192
You have a patient that presents with **heavy calculus** deposits. What type of shank design should you choose?
A. extended
B. rigid
C. After-five
D. flexible
B. rigid
193
You need to explore a periodontal pocket on a **molar** tooth with a sulcus or pocket depth of 5 mm. You should select an **explorer** with which of the following design characteristics?
A. a pointed working end
B. a long, complex shank design
C. a long, simple shank design
D. lower shank that is highly curved
B. a long, complex shank design
194
You want to select the correct working end of an explorer for use on an **incisor**. Which of the following visual clues should you use?
A. you should see the face when you adapt the working end to the tooth
B. the tip if the working end should NOT "hug" the tooth
C. you see the **curved back** of the working end when adapted to the tooth (i.e. the face and tip of the working end should "hug" the tooth)
D. anterior = terminal shank is parallel to the long axis of the tooth
C. you see the **curved back** of the working end when **adapted to the tooth** (i.e. the face and tip of the working end should "hug" the tooth)
195
Which of the following **technique errors** could cause problems with calculus removal?
* 1) The wrong clock position
* 2) The wrong patient position
* 3) Incorrect grasp
* 4) Bent fulcrum finger
* 5) Incorrect angulation
* 6) Incorrect adaptation
A) 5 and 6
B) 4, 5, 6
C) 3, 5, 6
D) All of the errors listed
D) All of the errors listed
196
\_\_\_\_\_ is a shank that is bent in **one plane**.
a. Complex shank
b. Simple Shank
b. Simple Shank
197
\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a cut through something at an angle **perpendicular** to its long axis in order to view its interior structure.
a. Transverse section
b. Cross section
c. Coronal section
b. Cross section
198
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ increases the static friction between the fingers and handle resulting in reduced pinch force in the grasp.
Select the Correct Answers:
a. Balanced instrument
b. Not balanced instrument
c. Texturing
d. Knurling pattern
c. Texturing
d. **Knurling** pattern
199
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the clinician's ability to **feel vibrations** transmitted from the working-end to his/her finger as they rest on the shank and handle.
a. Tactile sensitivity
b. Visual information
c. Vibrations
d. Psychomotor skills
a. Tactile sensitivity
200
Assessment Instruments:
Probes
Explorers
201
Calculus Removal Instruments:
Curets
Sickle scalers
Periodontal files
202
What are the 3 major parts of an instrument?
Working end
Shank (simple or complex)
Handle (large in diameter, hollow and textured)
