Exam 2 (Chapters 29, 38-40, 42, 43, 45, 46, 49, 50, 55, & 57) Flashcards
What is the primary mission of the Department of Defense (DoD)?
A. Maintain public health
B. Deter war and protect U.S. security
C. Conduct scientific research
D. Enforce domestic laws
B
Why do military personnel often face separation from family members?
A. Family vacations
B. Training and preparation for war
C. Administrative duties
D. Personal preferences
B
What factors contribute to mental health problems in the military lifestyle?
A. Academic challenges
B. Relationship conflict, parenting difficulties, work stress
C. Financial success
D. Lack of physical exercise
B
Which of the following is NOT a factor associated with a higher risk of mental health stressors?
A. Younger age
B. Deployment to a combat zone
C. Extensive military training
D. Reservist and National Guard membership
C
What is the focus of this chapter regarding mental health problems?
A. Physical health
B. Psychological well-being
C. Social interactions
D. Cognitive abilities
B
What are commonly reported mental health problems mentioned in the chapter?
A. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
B. PTSD, MDD, and GAD
C. Anxiety and stress
D. Insomnia and sleep disorders
B
Why are severe psychiatric problems less common among military personnel?
A. Strict military diet
B. Regular mental health check-ups
C. Screenings completed before entering military service
D. Limited exposure to combat zones
C
According to chapter 38, what might deployment to a combat zone add to the stress of service members?
A. Decreased workload
B. Increased financial benefits
C. Additional stressors
D. Improved mental health
C
What is the reported rate of predeployment PTSD in the sample of post-9/11 service members mentioned in chapter 38?
A. 5.7%
B. 9.4%
C. 15.5%
D. 16.6%
B
Why might there be underreporting of mental health problems in the predeployment phase?
A. Fear of deployment
B. Fear of job loss
C. Lack of awareness
D. Lack of mental health services
B
How does the chapter describe the mental health status of military personnel immediately post-deployment?
A. Improved compared to predeployment
B. Similar to the general population
C. More likely to report mental health problems
D. Stable with no changes
C
What do the rates of mental health problems highlight about reserve component members?
A. Lower rates compared to active duty
B. Higher rates of seeking treatment
C. Challenges in accessing mental health services
D. Similar rates to the general population
C
What is a concern related to untreated mental health problems among military personnel?
A. Increased job performance
B. Substance abuse and homelessness
C. Improved relationships with family
D. Decreased likelihood of unethical behavior
B
What is mentioned as a potential impact of untreated PTSD on military personnel?
A. Increased likelihood of homelessness
B. Improved social relationships
C. Higher job satisfaction
D. Decreased risk of suicide
A
According to the chapter, what percentage of service members made a medical visit within 6 months after a mental health referral in the reserve component?
A. 17.8%
B. 43.8%
C. 96%
D. 1.1%
B
Why might service members avoid reporting mental health symptoms, according to the chapter?
A. Fear of job loss
B. Lack of mental health awareness
C. Financial compensation
D. Inability to access mental health services
A
What does chapter 38 say about the rates of mental health problems in military families compared to the general population?
A. Lower rates
B. Similar rates
C. Higher rates
D. No information provided
C
Why is divorce considered a concern among military families?
A. Positive impact on mental health
B. Strongly related to improved family functioning
C. Can negatively influence service member readiness and mission accomplishment
D. Linked to increased job satisfaction
C
According to chapter 38, what is a potential impact of distress and conflict among military parents on military children?
A. Improved academic engagement
B. Decreased behavioral problems
C. Lower rates of mental health problems
D. Predictive of child depression and externalizing symptoms
D
What is the significance of undiagnosed and untreated mental health problems among military personnel?
A. Improved family relationships
B. Increased job satisfaction
C. Impact on both service members and their families
D. Reduced need for mental health services
C
What do military personnel require to access time away from work for mental health appointments?
A. Financial compensation
B. Personal preference
C. Approval from commanding officer
D. Completion of additional training
C
What is the role of a commander in ordering a mental health evaluation for a service member?
A. Protect the privacy of service members
B. Provide financial compensation
C. Articulate reasons for the evaluation
D. Encourage service members to avoid treatment
C
Why might service members avoid seeking treatment for mental health problems, according to the chapter?
A. Fear of job loss and negative job impact
B. Lack of mental health services
C. Inability to make medical visits
D. Lack of mental health awareness
A
What is malingering in the context of mental health problems among military personnel?
A. Underreporting symptoms for personal gain
B. Exaggerating symptoms for secondary motives
C. Reporting symptoms honestly
D. Seeking treatment for financial compensation
B
Why do rates of reported mental health problems vary within military samples, according to the chapter?
A. Lack of mental health awareness
B. Fear of job loss
C. Fear of lost privacy or privileges
D. Inability to access mental health services
C
According to chapter 38, what does research suggest about anonymous reporting of mental health problems among military personnel?
A. Increases honesty in reporting symptoms
B. Decreases the likelihood of seeking treatment
C. Has no impact on reporting rates
D. Leads to inaccurate reporting of symptoms
A
How does the chapter describe the impact of untreated mental health problems on military personnel and their families?
A. Improved family functioning
B. Increased job satisfaction
C. Predictive of positive outcomes
D. Potential for engagement in unethical behavior, substance abuse, and family stressors
D
According to DoD Instruction 5200, what criteria must military personnel meet to maintain a security clearance?
A. Demonstrate mental illness
B. Show financial responsibility
C. Avoid physical exercise
D. Lack knowledge about information security
B
What is the primary focus of DoD Directive 6490.4 and DoD Instruction 6490.1?
A. Military training programs
B. Mental health assessments
C. Physical fitness standards
D. Food and nutrition guidelines
B
Why is confidentiality a concern for service members seeking mental health treatment?
A. Fear of job loss and negative job impact
B. Desire for financial compensation
C. Lack of mental health awareness
D. Limited access to mental health services
A
What is a significant challenge faced by psychologists on wartime deployments?
a) Extended family separation
b) Exposure to harsh elements
c) Chronic sleep deprivation
d) All of the above
D
What is the main priority for military medicine leaders regarding combat operating forces?
a) Physical training
b) Deployment preparedness
c) Mental health treatment
d) Leadership development
C
According to Lieutenant Colonel David Grossman, what is the central theme of war?
a) Diplomacy
b) Survival
c) Killing
d) Strategy
C
Which term is used to describe the phenomenon where clinicians absorb the memories of their patients?
a) Compassion fatigue
b) Vicarious trauma
c) Secondary trauma
d) Shared trauma
B
What is the effect of treating trauma on the healer, as mentioned in the text?
a) Increased effectiveness
b) Personal satisfaction
c) Compassion fatigue
d) Enhanced empathy
C
What is the advice given for combat psychologists to navigate ethical challenges?
a) Solve every puzzle alone
b) Seek the council of a supervisor or mentor
c) Ignore ethical dilemmas
d) Follow standard ethical procedures
B
What is emphasized as a vital start to navigating ethical challenges for combat psychologists?
a) Solid background in ethics
b) Extensive combat experience
c) Strong leadership skills
d) Advanced trauma training
A
What is recommended to decrease the possibility of short-term or long-term dysfunction for psychologists on combat deployments?
a) Complete isolation from combat situations
b) Ignoring potential risks
c) Following available evidence and training protocols
d) Relying solely on personal anecdotes
C
According to the text, what is essential for psychologists in combat environments to prioritize?
a) Patient care
b) Combat operations
c) Personal safety
d) Military regulations
A
What is the primary advice for psychologists deployed with combat forces?
a) Trust and follow combat troops
b) Stay in isolation
c) Avoid taking risks
d) Focus on individual tasks
A
What is suggested to reduce the personal effect of exposure to combat casualties?
a) Minimize exposure
b) Seek meaning in roles within the hospital
c) Avoid engaging with patients
d) Focus on personal well-being
B
Why is seeking supervision or consultation important for psychologists on combat deployments?
a) To increase workload
b) To maintain isolation
c) To foster open and honest discussions
d) To undermine professional relationships
C
What is the role of a trusted colleague in combat environments?
a) Ensure self-care practices are in place
b) Share confidential patient information
c) Oversee military operations
d) Provide medical treatment
A
What is essential for medical providers in combat environments regarding self-care?
a) Prioritize patient care over personal well-being
b) Ignore the need for sleep and exercise
c) Seek supervision only during critical situations
d) Make time for sleep, exercise, and rejuvenating moments
D
What is the potential consequence of not having safeguards in place for psychologists on deployment?
a) Increased effectiveness
b) Personal suffering
c) Rapid promotion
d) Enhanced resilience
B
What concept emerged in recent years, potentially more critical in understanding the effect of treating trauma on the healer?
a) Compassion fatigue
b) Shared trauma
c) Vicarious trauma
d) Secondary trauma
C
What does Lieutenant Colonel David Grossman state is the nature of war in his acclaimed work?
a) Fog and chaos
b) Insanity and confusion
c) Killing and guilt
d) Peace and diplomacy
C
What is one of the unique experiences faced by mental health, medical, and religious personnel serving alongside combat troops on the battlefield?
a) Extended family separation
b) Exposure to harsh elements
c) Chronic sleep deprivation
d) All of the above
D
What is the potential risk facing combat psychologists categorized as “threat to physical safety and well-being”?
a) Extended family separation
b) Exposure to harsh elements
c) Vicarious trauma
d) Chronic sleep deprivation
A
What is described as one of the unusual, dynamic, and thought-provoking ethical challenges that might face a combat psychologist?
a) Mixed agency and/or mission predicaments
b) Avoiding all personal relationships
c) Ignoring ethical dilemmas
d) Focusing solely on combat operations
A
What does the chronic, exhausting nature of providing mental health treatment on deployment lead to?
a) Increased effectiveness
b) Decreased effectiveness
c) Personal satisfaction
d) Enhanced empathy
B
What is important for the psychologist to know when facing ethical challenges?
a) Solve every puzzle alone
b) Seek the council of a supervisor, trusted mentor, or peer
c) Ignore ethical dilemmas
d) Rely on personal anecdotes
B
What term is used to describe the idea that clinicians absorb the memories of their patients through empathy and care?
a) Compassion fatigue
b) Shared trauma
c) Secondary trauma
d) Vicarious trauma
D
What is the potential effect of blurred capacity to differentiate between the psychologist’s and patients’ experiences?
a) Increased effectiveness
b) Compassion fatigue
c) Enhanced empathy
d) Personal satisfaction
B
What is described as a significant need for military psychologists in combat roles?
a) Decreasing exposure to combat situations
b) Writing and sharing experiences
c) Ignoring ethical dilemmas
d) Avoiding supervision and consultation
B
What is the central theme of the text regarding the challenges faced by psychologists in combat?
a) Avoiding risks
b) Overcoming isolation
c) Navigating ethical challenges
d) Ensuring personal well-being
C
What is emphasized as paramount for psychologists deployed with combat forces?
a) Trust and follow combat troops
b) Complete isolation
c) Ignoring potential risks
d) Focusing on personal well-being
A
What does the text recommend to decrease the possibility of dysfunction for psychologists on combat deployments?
a) Complete isolation
b) Ignoring potential risks
c) Following available evidence and training protocols
d) Relying solely on personal anecdotes
C
What is recommended for psychologists in combat environments to ensure well-being?
a) Prioritize combat operations
b) Focus on patient care only
c) Make time for sleep, exercise, and rejuvenating moments
d) Ignore personal safety
C
What does the chronic, exhausting nature of providing mental health treatment on deployment lead to?
a) Increased effectiveness
b) Decreased effectiveness
c) Personal satisfaction
d) Enhanced empathy
D
What are some of the unique challenges faced by military personnel returning from combat deployment?
a) Simple transition without significant adjustments
b) Minimal change in the service member’s worldview
c) Challenges in reintegrating with family, friends, and community
d) Lack of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses
C
According to Chaplain (LTC) John Morris, what are the existential challenges for service members transitioning from wartime deployment to home?
a) Overcoming technical difficulties
b) Embracing a sense of alienation
c) Adjusting to a lack of complexity
d) Finding new physical challenges
B
What does the transition from combat to garrison or civilian life involve, according to the text?
a) No significant adjustments are needed
b) Learning that combat skills are universally applicable
c) Recognizing that behaviors effective in combat may not be suitable at home
d) Maintaining the same level of emotional intensity
C
Why might service members seek to replicate the intense experiences of combat after returning home?
a) They miss the simplicity of home life
b) They are seeking a new form of entertainment
c) To avoid the challenges of reintegration
d) Trying to recreate the intense sense of purpose and arousal
D
What is the “new high” that some service members may seek upon returning from combat?
a) Elevated emotional and physical arousal
b) Sense of boredom and routine
c) Minimal engagement with activities
d) Focus on complex problem-solving
A
What are some of the challenges faced by service members when attempting to find meaning in day-to-day activities after combat deployment?
a) Difficulty in recognizing the importance of activities
b) Enhanced sense of fulfillment
c) Struggling with loss of purpose
d) Decreased focus on mission
C
What is one potential consequence of service members perceiving everyday situations as risky upon returning from deployment?
a) Increased trust in others
b) Enhanced emotional expression
c) Aversion to routine activities
d) Improved decision-making
C
How does the text describe the impact of combat stress reactions on service members returning from deployment?
a) They are typically permanent
b) They do not affect reintegration
c) They are transient but can complicate reintegration
d) They only manifest as physical injuries
C
What is a common consequence of combat stress reactions that may affect a service member’s participation in social and recreational activities?
a) Enhanced enjoyment of activities
b) Decreased interest or pleasure in activities
c) Improved family relationships
d) Increased social interactions
B
Why might sleep difficulties and nightmares persist after returning from deployment?
a) They are indicative of normal adjustment
b) They are unrelated to combat experiences
c) Service members enjoy vivid dreams
d) They can be associated with other reintegration issues
D
How does the text describe the service members’ focus on mission during combat deployments?
a) Distracting from achieving assigned goals
b) A reinforcement of simplicity and straightforwardness
c) Leading to a preference for complex problem-solving
d) Causing minimal impact on decision-making
B
What challenges might service members face when returning to family life due to their mission-focused mindset?
a) Frustration with competing goals
b) Increased cooperative approaches
c) Decreased conflicts with family members
d) Lack of decision-making problems
A
How does the need for control manifest in service members returning from deployment?
a) Desire for less control in daily activities
b) Avoidance of information disclosure
c) Comfort with limited emotional expression
d) Demands for control over situations and discomfort in uncontrollable environments
D
What potential issues can arise from service members’ attempts to maintain emotional control after returning home?
a) Enhanced emotional expression
b) Improved communication with family
c) Perceived as cold or disconnected
d) Decreased problems in familial relationships
C
What term is used to categorize physical, behavioral, and emotional changes in service members due to the stress of combat deployment?
a) Existential challenges
b) Garrison transition
c) Reintegration complexities
d) Combat and operational stress
D
What is emphasized about combat stress reactions in the text?
a) They are always severe and persistent
b) They constitute diagnosable disorders
c) They are expected to remit relatively quickly
d) They only affect service members during deployment
C
How might heightened vigilance and startle reactions impact service members after returning home?
a) Enhanced enjoyment of social events
b) Increased participation in recreational activities
c) Difficulty in certain activities and potential avoidance
d) Improved trust and intimacy
C
What potential problems can arise from difficulties in concentration and memory persisting through the return home?
a) Enhanced problem-solving abilities
b) Exacerbation of adjustment difficulties
c) Decreased challenges in reintegration
d) Improved familial relationships
B
Why might combat stress injuries warrant additional assessment upon the service member’s return from deployment?
a) They are always less severe than combat stress reactions
b) They are expected to remit without intervention
c) They may indicate more significant problems like PTSD or depression
d) They only manifest as physical injuries
C
What is emphasized about counselors and therapists in the reintegration process according to the text?
a) Conflict and difficulties are unexpected, warranting no role for therapists
b) Their role is limited, and difficulties are considered pathological
c) They play a potentially important role in supporting families
d) They have no relevance in managing the transition home
C
When was posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) officially recognized as a mental health concern by the medical community?
a. 1970
b. 1980
c. 1990
d. 2000
B
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV-TR), what is a necessary criterion for a diagnosis of PTSD?
a. Witnessing a traumatic event
b. Exposure to a traumatic event
c. Developing intense fear
d. Experiencing physical harm
B
Which of the following is NOT listed as an example of a traumatic event in the text?
a. Combat exposure
b. Natural disaster
c. Academic failure
d. Physical assault
C
In the DSM, what is the additional requirement (Criterion A2) for a diagnosis of PTSD related to the individual’s response to a traumatic event?
a. Development of intense fear
b. Inability to recall traumatic events
c. Emotional distress in response to trauma reminders
d. Experience of flashbacks
A
How long must the symptoms persist to meet the diagnostic criteria for PTSD (Criterion E)?
a. Less than 1 week
b. More than 3 months
c. At least 6 months
d. Exactly 1 year
C
What is proposed in DSM-5 regarding the reaction to trauma criterion in PTSD diagnosis?
a. It will be emphasized even more.
b. It will be removed.
c. It will be required for a shorter duration.
d. It will be mandatory for chronic cases only.
B
What diagnostic category may replace anxiety disorders for PTSD in DSM-5?
a. Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders
b. Chronic Anxiety Disorders
c. Fear-Induced Disorders
d. Stress-Responsive Anxiety
A
What percentage of the general population is estimated to be exposed to at least one potentially traumatic event in their lifetime?
a. 30-40%
b. 50-60%
c. 70-80%
d. 90-100%
B
Veterans who served in Vietnam have an increased risk of lifetime trauma exposure compared to civilians, with up to what percentage meeting criteria for lifetime PTSD?
a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 20%
d. 30%
D
How do gender differences in PTSD prevalence among military personnel compare to the general population?
a. More pronounced
b. Less pronounced
c. No difference
d. Only evident in combat trauma
B
What is Military Sexual Trauma (MST) defined as in the text?
a. Trauma from combat exposure
b. Trauma during military training
c. Trauma related to natural disasters
d. Sexual assault or severe sexual harassment during Active Duty service or training
D
Which self-report measure is mentioned as a 17-item questionnaire with excellent psychometric properties for military and veteran samples?
a. Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD
b. Primary Care PTSD screen (PC-PTSD)
c. PTSD Checklist (PCL)
d. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2
C
What is considered the gold standard for assessing PTSD, particularly in military and veteran populations?
a. Primary Care PTSD screen (PC-PTSD)
b. Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV (SCID)
c. PTSD Checklist (PCL)
d. Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS)
D
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a condition commonly comorbid with PTSD in military service members?
a. Traumatic brain injury
b. Chronic pain
c. Bipolar disorder
d. Substance use disorders
C
What is considered a first-line pharmacological treatment option for PTSD, according to current practice guidelines?
a. Tricyclic antidepressants
b. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
c. Benzodiazepines
d. Atypical antipsychotics
B
Which psychotherapy is similar to other exposure-based treatments developed for combat-related PTSD and includes in vivo exposure and imaginal exposure?
a. Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
b. Prolonged Exposure (PE)
c. Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)
d. Stress Inoculation Training
B
What individual psychotherapy involves cognitive restructuring and exposure elements and includes challenging maladaptive thinking patterns related to trauma?
a. Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
b. Stress Inoculation Training
c. Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)
d. Anxiety management
C
What is the primary component of Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) that involves recalling the trauma memory while making alternating eye movements?
a. Cognitive restructuring
b. Desensitization and reprocessing
c. Exposure therapy
d. Psychoeducation
B
What is considered an adjunctive treatment for targeted treatment of nightmares and sleep disturbance in PTSD?
a. Benzodiazepines
b. Prazosin
c. Tricyclic antidepressants
d. Atypical antipsychotics
B
What does the text highlight as an important topic of future research in the treatment of PTSD?
a. The efficacy of benzodiazepines
b. Large controlled trials comparing psychotherapy with medication
c. Elimination of group therapy
d. Gender differences in PTSD prevalence
B
According to the text, what specifier is added if PTSD symptoms develop at least 6 months after the traumatic event?
a. Acute onset
b. Delayed onset
c. Chronic onset
d. Immediate onset
B
In the proposed changes for DSM-5, what emotion might replace fear, helplessness, or horror as a reaction to trauma in the diagnostic criteria for PTSD?
a. Happiness
b. Sadness
c. Guilt
d. Any intense emotion
D
What percentage of military service members serving in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom is estimated to have PTSD, according to the text?
a. 5-10%
b. 10-15%
c. 15-20%
d. 20-25%
C
What is Stress Inoculation Training mentioned as in the text?
a. A pharmacological treatment for PTSD
b. A group therapy approach for PTSD
c. An anxiety management protocol
d. An individual psychotherapy for PTSD
C
What is the primary focus of anxiety management therapy mentioned in the text?
a. Exposure to trauma memories
b. Cognitive restructuring
c. Relaxation training and breathing retraining
d. Psychoeducation about the relaxation response
C
What does EMDR stand for in the context of PTSD treatment?
a. Efficient Memory Desensitization and Recall
b. Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
c. Emotional Management and Distress Reduction
d. Enhanced Mindfulness for Disturbing Recollections
B
