EXAM 2 -- Chapter 3

Question 1

2 Major Divisions of the Nervous System

Answer 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 2

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 2

• it receives, processes, and sends signals to the PNS
• the division of the nervous system that is located within the skull and spine
• 2 major divisions: the brain and spinal cord

Question 3

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 3

• it carries information to and from the CNS
• the division that is located outside the skull and spine
• 2 major divisions: the somatic nervous system (SNS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Question 4

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Answer 4

• the part of the PNS that interacts with the external environment
• composed of afferent nerves and efferent nerves

Question 5

Afferent Nerves (SNS)

Answer 5

• carry sensory signals from the skin, skeletal muscles, joints, eyes, ears, and so on, to the CNS

Question 6

Efferent Nerves (SNS)

Answer 6

• carry motor signals from the CNS to the skeletal muscles

Question 7

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer 7

• the part of the PNS that regulates the body’s internal environment
• composed of afferent nerves and efferent nerves
• the efferent nerves are divided into two kinds: sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves

Question 8

Afferent Nerves (ANS)

Answer 8

• carry sensory signals from internal organs to the CNS

Question 9

Efferent Nerves (ANS)

Answer 9

• carry motor signals from the CNS to internal organs

- divided into two kinds: sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves

Question 10

Sympathetic Nerves

Answer 10

• those autonomic motor nerves that project from the CNS in the lumbar (small of the back) and thoracic (chest area) regions of the spinal cord
• stimulate, organize, and mobilize energy resources in threatening situations
• changes are indicative of psychological arousal

Question 11

Parasympathetic Nerves

Answer 11

• those autonomic motor nerves that project from the brain and sacral (lower back) region of the spinal cord
• act to conserve energy
• changes are indicative of psychological relaxation

Question 12

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

Answer 12

12

Question 13

What are cranial nerves?

Answer 13

• nerves that project from the brain

- purely sensory and motor fibers

Question 14

What are the 3 categories of protection for the CNS?

Answer 14

(1) skull and backbone
(2) 3 meninges (dura matter, arachnoid membrane, pia mater)
(3) cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

Question 15

Dura matter

Answer 15

• the outer meninx

- tough mother

Question 16

Arachnoid membrane

Answer 16

• immediately inside the dura matter

- spider-like weblike membrane

Question 17

Subarachnoid space

Answer 17

• beneath the arachnoid membrane

- contains many large blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid

Question 18

Pia mater

Answer 18

• the innermost meninx
• delicate
• pious mother
• adheres to the surface of the CNS

Question 19

Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)

Answer 19

• fills the subarachnoid space, the central canal of the spinal cord, and the cerebral ventricles of the brain

Question 20

Cerebral ventricles

Answer 20

• the four large internal chambers of the brain

Question 21

Central channel

Answer 21

• a small central channel that runs the length of the spinal cord