Exam #2 (Ch. 7-9) Flashcards
Lockup
Facility authorized to hold people before court appearances for up to 48 hrs, mostly administered by local police agencies
Free System
Jail operations are funded by a set amount paid each day per person held
Regional Jail
Facility operated between 2+ government units with a jail board drawn from representatives of the participating jurisdiction and having varying authority over policy, budget, operations, and oersonal
New-Generational Jail
Podular architectual design and management policies that emphasize interactions w/staff and provisions of services
Podular Unit
Self-contained living areas designed to hole 12-25 people, composed of individual cells and open areas
Direct Supervision
Staff have direct, continual physical interaction with people in jail
Therapeutic Justice
Philosophy of reorienting the jail experience into becoming rehabilitative
Bail
Amount of money, specified by judge, to be posted as a condition for pretrial release to ensure appearance of accused individual at trial
Release on recognizance
Pretrial release used when the judge believes the person’s ties in the community are sufficient to guarantee appearance in court
Day Reporting Center
Facility where people under pretrial release can attend intervention and appearance in court
Electronic Monitoring
Community supervision, uses electronic devices to maintain surveillance
Pretrial Diversion
Alternative to adjudication in which accused person agrees to conditions set by prosecutor in exchange of charges
Widening the Net
Increasing corrections by applying a diversion program to people charged w/offenses less serious
Absconders
People who fail to appear for a court date for no reasn
Preventative Detention
Detention of an accused person in pail to prevent crimes that are likely to be committed if freed before trial
John Agustus
first probation officer
Judicial Reprieve
A practice under English common law whereby a judge could suspend the imposition or execution of a sentence on condition of good behavior
Community Justice
Model of justice that emphasizes reparation to the victim and the community, approaching crime from a problem-solving perspective, and a citizen involvement in crime prevention
Recidivism
Return of a former correctional client to criminal behavior, as measured by new arrests or other problems
Evidence-Based Probation
Using correctional methods that have shown to be effective
Technical Violation
Failure to abide by the rules and conditions of probation resulting in revocation of probation
Presentence Investigation (PSI)
Investigation and summary report of a convicted person’s background that helps the judge decide on an appropriate sentence
Victim Impact Statement
Description in a PSI of the costs of the crime for the victim, including emotional and financial loss
Client-Specific Planning
Private investigation firns contract w/ the person who was convicted to conduct comprehensive background checks and suggest to judge sentencing options other than incarceration
Power
Ability to force a person to do something they do not want to do
Authority
Ability to influence a person’s actions w/o resorting to force
Motivational Interviewing
Method for increasing the effectiveness of correctional treatment by having probation officer interact w/the client in ways that promote the client’s stake in the change process
Standard Conditions
Constraints imposed on all probation clients
Punitive Conditions
Constraints imposed on some probation clients to increase restrictiveness
Treatment Conditions
Constraints imposed on some probation clients to force them to deal w/a significant problem or need
Continuum of Sanctions
A graded range of correctional management strategies based on the degree of intrusiveness and control, along with a client is moved based on their response to correctional programs
Stakes
Potential losses to victims and the system if someone recidivates
Day FInes
Criminal penalty based on the amount of money a person earns in a day’s work
Forfeiture
Gov’t seizure of property and other assets derived or used in criminal activities
Community Service
Compensation for injury to society by the performance of service in the community
Probation Center
Facility where people who fall behind in restitution are sent to make payments for their debt
Intensive supervision probation (ISP)
Probation granted w/strict reporting to a probation officer who has limited caseloads
House Confinement
Sentence served in their own home
Shock Incarceration
Short period of incarceration followed by sentence reduction
Principle of interchangeability
The idea that different forms of intermediate sanction can be calibrated to make them equivalent as punishments despite their differences in approach
Who are in jails?
-85% males
-66% under 35 y/o
~50% white
-Little education & low income
Special Problems in jail
-Suicide (Vulnerable, hopeless)
-2/3 People have mental health problems
-Substance dependency and withdrawal
-Medical nees
-Legal needs
Benefit of Clergy
Whether or not can read a bible passage (Psalm 51)
4 Ways to enter probation
1) Judge impose probation
2) Judge impose sentence that is suspended w/good behavior
3) Additional sentence for a previous sentence
4) Split sentence
Decentralized
Administered by city/county
Centralized
Administered by state
Judiciary
Courts control probation
Executive
Professional public admin
Officer
Enforcing the law vs. helping offender
Bureaucracy
Formal and informal constraints
Case Management Systems
1) Statistical Risk Assessment
2) Systematic Need Assessment
3) Contact supervision standards
4) Case Planning
5) Workload Accounting
Evidence-Based Practice
Using correctional methods that have been shown to be effective by well-designed research studies
Public Safety Emphasis
1) Choose supervision strategies that reflect effectiveness of supervision
2) Set goals for improved supervision outcomes w/their client
Ways Probation Ends
1) Person successfully completes period of probation
2) Person’s probationary status is revoked due to misbehavior
Revocation
1) New arrest
2) New conviction
3) Rules violation
Intermediate Sanctions can Improve Supervision
1) Intensify supervision
2) Provide specialization programs
Halfway House
A physical structure owned by the state that serves as a temporary residence for offenders w/the defining characteristics are prosocial, increased supervision, free of drugs and control
