Exam 2 Ch 3 Flashcards
What are the Heart chambers? Which one drives blood through vasculature?
Left & right Atria
Left & right ventricles
Left ventricle responsible for driving blood through vasculature
What are the 5 vasculatures and their roles?
Arteries & arterioles: carry blood away from the heart
Veins & Venules: carry blood toward the heart
Capillaries: responsible for gas and nutrient exchange
2 Pathways of the circulatory system?
Systemic circuit: Down left side of body, starts at left atrium goes through left ventricle and down towards intestinal capillaries
Pulmonary circuit: picks up from where systemic circuit ends, goes up right side through right ventricle and right atrium
Describe creatine phosphate energy system
Immediate energy, lasts 10 seconds
Describe anaerobic glycolysis
Lasts about 90 seconds
Glucose broken down into pyruvate
Describe oxidative energy system
Lasts indefinitely
Slower ATP source
Facilitates Krebs cycle and electron transport chain
Before generating energy through CP energy system where does ATP come from?
The small amount stored in the muscles
VO2 ___ at the start of exercise. This continues until ___. Post exercise, VO2 ____
Increases ;
Steady state is reached ;
Decreases
Higher ___ indicates a better level of aerobic fitness
VO2 max
The ___ equation allows for determination of VO2 max
Fick ;
VO2max = HRmax x SVmax x aVO2diff max
The slow rise in VO2 after starting exercise is called
Oxygen deficit
The slow decrease in VO2 after stopping exercise is called
Oxygen debt
How do you know when a participant has reached steady state? How long does it take?
When HR and blood pressure remain constant;
1-4 minutes
____ achievement of steady state indicates higher fitness level
Rapid
What is EPOC
Excessive Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
How do systolic and diastolic BP respond to increased work load
Systolic rises, diastolic remains relatively the same
How does total peripheral resistance respond to increased work load
It decreases
How does MAP respond to increased work load?
mean arterial pressure equation? (MAP)
It increases ;
DBP + 0.33 ( SBP - DBP)
During exercise assessment such as Bruce protocol when do you measure BP?
At end of every stage & 5 min recovery period or until evens out
Cardiac output formula
Q = SV X HR
HR max decreases with age and cannot be trained. What portion of this can be trained?
Stroke volume
What is the gold standard to measure VO2 max?
Open circuit spirometry (metabolic cart for gas exchange)
VO2 max tests measure maximum oxygen uptake. Submaximal tests do what in comparison?
They estimate it
What are examples of submaximal tests?
Rockport walk test
1.5 mile run test
Queens college step test
Strand Rhyming cycle test
Criterion referenced standards vs norm referenced standards
Classify into groups such as “excellent” ;
Compare against others via percentiles
1 MET =
3.5 ml kg min
How many cals to burn 1 lb of fat
3500
What is Harvonen Method? (HRR)
HR max - resting HR
How to calculate target HR?
HRR x exercise intensity %
What is the sympathetic response to exercise in terms of how your blood vessels react?
They constrict everywhere except leading to the engaged muscle to allow better oxygen delivery
