Exam 2 Ch 11 Flashcards
assesses environmental factors that influence human health and quality of life
environmental health
poison produced by a living thing
toxin
poison produced by humans or as a by-product of their activity
toxicant
airborne transport of pesticides
pesticide drift
degree of harm a substance can cause
toxicity
type of magnitude of negative effects
response
toxic substance that harms living organisms through the contamination of air, water, or soil
pollutant
compound that is poisonous
toxic compound
compound that is dangerous
hazardous compound
toxins stored in the body
lipophilic toxins
toxic compound that attacks nerve cells
neurotoxin
toxic compound that damages cells in a way that causes cancer
carcinogen
toxic compound that changes genetic material
mutagen
toxic compound that causes abnormalities during embryonic growth
teratogen
toxic compound that mimics hormones and disrupts body signaling
endocrine disruptor
natural defenses against toxic compounds
skin, scales, feathers, biochemical pathways, storage of toxins in body
absorption and storage in cells; can result in dangerous levels of toxins in cells and tissues
bioaccumulation
toxic concentrations are magnified through tropic levels
biomagnification
chemical interaction where toxicity of one chemical is reduced by exposure to a second (4+4=2)
antagonistic
chemical interaction where toxicity of two chemicals is their sum (4+4=8)
additive
chemical interaction where toxicity of two substances combined is greater than the sum of their individual toxicities (4+4=10)
synergistic
chemical interaction where on chemical has no effect until added to another chemical (0+2=6)
potentiation
ways to measure toxicity
case history, epidemiological study, animal testing, dose-response analysis
median lethal dose
LD50
