Exam 2: Ch. 11

Question 0

What are 4 examples of endocrine organs

Answer 0

Small intestines
Kidneys
Liver
Skin

Question 1

What are 3 facts about endocrine glands?

Answer 1

No ducts
Secrete hormones
Achieve response in target organs

Question 2

What are the 4 chemical classifications of hormones?

Answer 2

Amines
Polypeptides
Glycoproteins
Steroids (derived from cholesterol)

Question 3

Polar hormones means that they are ____ and (can/cannot) pass through the plasma membrane
Ex: insulin

Answer 3

Water soluble….. Cannot

Question 4

Non polar hormones are ______ which means they (can/cannot) pass through the plasma membrane
Ex: steriods

Answer 4

Insoluble in water…. Easily pass through plasma membrane

Question 5

What are prohormones? What are prehormones?

Answer 5

Prohormone: Precursor to an active hormone
Prehormone: prwcurson to a prohormone

Question 6

3 pattens that regulate rate of hormone secretion?

Answer 6

• changing levels in non-hormone substances
• neural stimulation of endocrine gland
• control of 1 gland by another

Question 7

What does half-life of a hormone mean?

Answer 7

Half life= time to reduce plasma concentration by 50%

Question 8

3 ways things are removed from the blood?

Answer 8

Excretion
Metabolism
Conjugation by the liver

Question 9

Physiological doses are within ____ ranges and produce the _____ effect

Answer 9

Normal….target

Question 10

Pharmacological doses are within_____ ranges and produce_____ effects

Answer 10

Higher….abnormal

Question 11

What is the priming effect called and what does it do (2 things)?

Answer 11

Up regulation….allows greater response for second hormone and increases number of receptors proteins on target cell

Question 12

What causes desensitization?

Answer 12

Prolonged exposer to high concentrations of hormones causing a decrease in actions of the hormone

Question 13

What is the scientific name for the pituitary gland?

Answer 13

Hypophysis

Question 14

What is the anterior pituitary responsible for releasing? (6)

Answer 14

GH (growth hormone)
TSH ( thyroid stimulating hormone)
ACTH - stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol
FSH-(follicle stimulating hormone) GONADOTROPIN
LH- (luteinizing hormone) ovulation GONADOTROPIN
PRL- (prolactin) milk production

Question 15

What hormones are stored (by the hypothalamus) then ultimately released by the posterior pituitary? (2)

Answer 15

ADH (vasopressin)

Oxytocin- “feel good hormone”

Question 16

What are the 2 parts of the adrenal glands?

Answer 16

Adrenal cortex

Adrenal medulla

Question 17

What does the adrenal cortex release? And what are 3 examples of these?

Answer 17

Corticoids

1. Mineralcoricoids (aldosterone)
2. Glucocorticoids ( cortisol)
3. Androgens (sex steroids)

Question 18

What does the adrenal medulla release? (2)

Answer 18

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 19

What are the 3 stages of stress (general adaptation syndrome)?

Answer 19

Alarm reaction
Stage of resistance
Exhaustion

Question 20

What are the 2 groups of hormones released by the thyroid glands?

Answer 20

1. Thyroid follicles (t3/ t4)

2. Calcitonin- antagonist to PTH by lowing blood Calcium

Question 21

What does the parathyroid glands release? What does it do?

Answer 21

PTH which raises blood Calcium

Question 22

The pancreas is both _____ and ______ in function. Two cell types and what they secrete

Answer 22

Endocrine and exocrine
Alpha- secrete glucagon when blood sugars drops
Beta- secretes insulin when blood sugar raises

Question 23

What does the pineal gland release?

Answer 23

Melatonin

Question 24

What does the thymus stimulate?

Answer 24

T cells

Question 25

What are prostaglandins?

Answer 25

Most diverse group of autocrine regulators that induce an inflammatory response