exam 2 ch. 1&2 Flashcards
What was justice like under the Hammurabi Code?
They were harsh and vengeful, justice was ridged, uncompromising and absolute.
Ex) a person under medical care dies, the physical could be put to death
What was justice like under the early stages of the Old Testament?
Theocratic (system of government where priest rule in the name of God) and trial with gods reactions swift and uncompromising
Lex talioinis
“an eye for an eye”
Three groups of Judaism
Orthodox, Reform, Conservative
What do followers of liberation theology believe?
Believe that the bible should be read from a Marxist perspective with the global of liberating the oppressed, capitalism is evil, and Jesus chose to be born poor and live with and tech the poor (god loves the poor)
What part of the world is liberation theology most prevalent?
Spanish-speaking countries
Reinhold Neibur, what principles must be addressed to achieve justice?
Two justices are freedom and equal. Freedom cannot stand alone unregulated, and equal justice is the greatest goal of society
How did the Islamic religion come into existence?
Born in the deserts of the middle east. Religions were connected by legends and lore
What is the goal of the Quran?
A book/script to recite things in. Book was not only religious but poetry and was always to be read in Arabic.
Was meant to be listened to and repeated.
What was Muhammad’s thinking about the idea of forgiveness?
He preached forgiveness.
“Those who forgive the injury and reconciliation will be rewarded by God”
What are the five pillars of faith under Islam?
- Salat- or ritual prayer, five times a day (sunrise, noon, afternoon, sunset, evening) the faithful are to face Mecca and be led in prater
- Zakat- or the giving of alms, it was not a voluntary tithe but a religious obligation
- Sawn- or month-long fasting during the month of Ramadan
- Haji- or pilgrimage to Mecca
- Shahadah- most importantly the profession of faith; “there is no god but God, and Muhammad is God’s messenger
What are the basic beliefs about Hinduism?
Believe in the divine unity of the universe and all life in it. This unity (Brahman) is visualized as a triad. Brahman is the creative force and creates new relatied continually.
Who founded Buddhism?
Gautama Siddhartha
What do Buddhists believe about human suffering?
They believe human suffering is natural. There is the universal pain of birth, growing old and death
For Buddhists, what is involved in leading a just life?
- Views
- Thoughts
- Speech
- Conduct
- Livelihood
- Effort
- Mindfulness
- Concentration
What did Plato believe about why people engage in just behaviors?
Equated justice with personal civic virtue.
He said the “just” citizen is wiser, stronger, and happier than an unjust one
Believe that as humans we are incapable of seeing the world as it truly is and we only see a rough approximation of the world
What did Aristotle mean by the idea oftelos?
The purpose or essential nature of the social practice
What is distributive justice?
Giving people what they deserve
What is rectificatory justice?
Correct imbalance,
Maintaining and restoring equilibrium or balance
In simple terms what is the idea behind Mill’s idea of utilitarianism?
Those who govern, and individuals in their own lives, should choose the action that will produce the greatest amount of happiness- happiness is all that matters
What did Immanuel Kant believe should motivate people to do good?
Believe in freedom,People should do the right thing because it is right thing and not for some other reason. Doing good should be your only intent in all decisions you make Ex) Not doing good just to get a reward (going to heaven) Doesn’t believe in lying
What are natural rights?
Fundamental rights possessed by all humans. Life, liberty and property
What is the basic principle underlying John Rawls’s notion of justice?
Fairness
