Exam 2: Brainstem Basics

Question 1

The brainstem consists of

Answer 1

The brainstem consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla

Question 2

The brainstem lies within the

Answer 2

The brainstem lies within the posterior fossa

Question 3

Rostral limit of the brainstem?

Answer 3

The rostral limit of the brainstem is the midbrain-diencephalic junction (This is where the tentorium cerebelli is)

Question 4

Caudal limit of the brainstem?

Answer 4

The caudal limit of the brainstem is the cervicomedullary junction
(This is the region of the foramen magnum)

Question 5

Components of the midbrain

Answer 5

1. The dorsal surface of the brainstem, within the midbrain, contains two pairs of bumps called the superior and inferior colliculi, which form a structure called the tectum.
   a. This region is responsible for auditory and visual reflexes
2. The ventral surface of the midbrain contains the cerebral peduncles

Question 6

Components of the pons

Answer 6

1. Remember that the cerebellum is located on the dorsal side of pons–the cerebellum sends axons to the brain via the pons
2. The cerebellum sends large white matter tracts, the cerebellar peduncles, to the pons

Question 7

Components of the medulla

Answer 7

The medulla contains the pyramidal decussation, seen on the ventral side
The dorsal side is where the posterior pathways are visible