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CHEM 305 > Exam 2 Bold Words > Flashcards

Exam 2 Bold Words Flashcards

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0
Q

Base

A

Substance that decreases the concentration of H3O+

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1
Q

Acid

A

Substance that increases the concentration of H3O+

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2
Q

Salt

A

Any ionic solid

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3
Q

Neutralize

A

Reaction between an acid and a base

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4
Q

Conjugate acid-base pair

A

Relation between acid and a base due to the gaining or loss of one H+

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5
Q

Autoprotolysis

A

One substance acts as both an acid and a base

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6
Q

Acidic

A

H+ concentration > OH- concentration

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7
Q

Basic

A

H+ concentration < OH- concentration

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8
Q

Strong acid/base

A

Completely dissociates in aqueous solution

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9
Q

Weak Acids

A

React with water by donating a proton to H2O

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10
Q

Acid Dissociation Constant

A

Ka

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11
Q

Weak Bases

A

React with water by abstracting (grabbing) a proton from H2O

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12
Q

Base hydrolysis constant

A

Kb

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13
Q

Carboxylic Acids

A

Weak acids

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14
Q

Carboxylate anions

A

Weak bases

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15
Q

Amine

A

Nitrogen-containing compound

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16
Q

pK

A

Negative log of an equilibrium constant

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17
Q

Buffer

A

Consists of a mixture of a weak acid and the conjugate base

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18
Q

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

A

Tells the pH of a solution

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19
Q

How many H+ concentrations can be measured in a solution?

A

1

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20
Q

Why does a buffer resist changes in pH?

A

It does so because the strong acid or base is consumed by B or BH+

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21
Q

Indicator Error

A

Difference between the observed end point (color change) and the true equivalence point

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22
Q

Kjeldahl nitrogen analysis

A

Method for determining nitrogen in organic substances such as porteins

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23
Q

Polyprotic Acids

A

Those having more than one acidic proton

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24
Q

Amino Acids

A

Building blocks of proteins containing an acidic carboxylic acid group, a basic amino group, and a variable substituent designated R group

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25
Q

Zwitterion

A

Structure remaining after an amino acid is formed with positive and negative sides

26
Q

Hydrolyze

A

React with water

27
Q

Amphiprotic

A

A molecule that can both donate and accept a proton

28
Q

Ionic Atmosphere

A

The region of net positive charge around any particular anion

29
Q

Activities

A

Concentration multiplied by the activity coefficient

30
Q

Activity coefficient

A

Depends on ionic strength

31
Q

Extended Debye-Huckel Equation

A

Used to calculate the activity coefficient of a given species

32
Q

Charge Balance

A

Algebraic statement of electroneutrality –> The sum of positive charges in solution equals the um of the negative charges in solution

33
Q

Redox Reaction

A

Electrons are transferred from one species to another

34
Q

Oxidized

A

Loses electrons

35
Q

Reduced

A

Gaining electrons

36
Q

Oxidizing agent

A

Takes electrons from another substance and becomes reduced

37
Q

Reducing agent

A

Gives electrons to another substance and becomes oxidized

38
Q

Coulombs

A

Measure of electric charge (C)

39
Q

Faraday Constant

A

9.649 X 10^4 C/mol

40
Q

Electrode

A

Device to conduct electrons into or out of the chemicals involved in the redox reaction

41
Q

Electroactive species

A

Molecule that can donate or accept electrons at an electrode

42
Q

Electric potential

A

Measures the work that can be done when electrons move from one point to another

43
Q

Volts

A

Measure of potential difference

44
Q

Electrolysis

A

Chemical reaction in which we apply a voltage to drive a redox reaction that is not spontaneous and would not otherwise occur

45
Q

Salt bridge

A

Place where ions migrate to maintain electroneutrality in each vessel

46
Q

Cathode

A

Electrode at which reduction occurs

47
Q

Anode

A

Electrode where oxidation occurs

48
Q

Standard Reduction Potential

A

Each half-cell is measured by an experiment shown in idealized form

49
Q

Standard Hydrogen Electrode

A

Standard electrode to compare all other standards to

50
Q

Nernst Equation

A

Expresses the net driving force of a reaction

51
Q

Indicator Electrode

A

Electrode that responds directly to the analyte

52
Q

Reference Electrode

A

The half cell with a constant potential

53
Q

Silver-silver chloride Electrode

A

Standard reference electrode used instead of hydrogen reference electrode

54
Q

Saturated Calomel Electrode

A

Cell is saturated with KCl

55
Q

Potentiometry

A

Use of voltage measurements to extract chemical information

56
Q

Junction Potential

A

The voltage difference when two dissimilar electrolyte solutions are placed in contact

57
Q

Ion-Selective Electrode

A

Responds preferentially to one species in a solution

58
Q

Combination Electrode

A

Incorporating both the glass and reference electrodes in one body

59
Q

Solid-state ion-selective electrode

A

Crystals of one substance doped with an impurity

60
Q

Liquid-based ion-selective electrode

A

Ion-exchange equilibrium of analyte between the liquid ion exchanger and the aqueous solution gives rise to the electrode potential

61
Q

Selectivity Coefficient

A

Response to X/Response to A

Measures interference of another ion when measuring response to ion A

62
Q

Compound Electrode

A

Conventional electrode surrounded by a membrane that isolates the analyte to which the electrode responds

CHEM 305 (1 decks)

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