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NURS 3005 Intro to Professional Nursing > Exam 2 Blueprint > Flashcards

Exam 2 Blueprint Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary ethical responsibility for nurses?

A

Respect for people

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2
Q

What are Kohlburg’s Stages of Moral Reasoning?

A

Preconventional(1), Conventional(2), Postconventional(3)

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3
Q

Preconventional Stage

A

Moral reasoning is based on own perspective & is self-centered & responds to punishment

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4
Q

Conventional Stage

A

Moral decisions conform to expectations set by family, a group, or society. Most adolescents and adults function at this stage

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5
Q

Postconventional Stage

A

Ability to define his/her own moral values. Not all people reach this stage

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6
Q

What is the belief associated with Kohlburg’s stages?

A

Education, conflict, shared responsibility, & participating in decision making promotes the progression of moral reasoning.

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7
Q

What are Gilligan’s Stages of Moral Reasoning?

A
  1. Orientation to individual survival
  2. Focus on goodness w/ recognition of self-sacrifice
  3. Morality of caring & being responsible for others, as well as self
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8
Q

What is the belief associated w/ Gilligan’s Stages?

A

Women have a different sense of moral reasoning than men. Women are more focused on care; men are more focused on justice.

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9
Q

Autonomy

A

Individuals have the right & freedom to make their own decisions

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10
Q

Beneficence

A

-Promoting good & avoiding harm
-May be in conflict w/ what a pt. wants & can cause conflict w/ autonomy

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11
Q

Nonmaleficence

A

-Duty to do no harm
-Foundations of the Hippocratic oath & Code of Ethics for Nurses
-Must not act in manner to intentionally harm a patient

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12
Q

Justice

A

That everyone w/ the same diagnosis receive the same lvl of care

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13
Q

Fidelity

A

Honoring one’s commitments or promises

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14
Q

Veracity

A

Telling the truth, or not lying

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15
Q

What is the ethical decision making model?

A
  1. Clarify the ethical dilemma
  2. Gather additional data
  3. identify options
  4. make a decision
  5. act
  6. evaluate
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16
Q

Rights & responsibilities of nurses is related to what?

A

people, society, co-workers, & the profession

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17
Q

System

A

“a set of interrelated parts that come together to form a whole that performs to function”

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18
Q

Philosophy

A

Set of beliefs act the nature of how the world works

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19
Q

Nursing philosophy

A

puts together concepts of the metaparadigm

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20
Q

Holistic nursing care nourishes what?

A

the whole person(body, mind, & spirit)

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21
Q

Nursing is an (blank) system

A

Open system

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22
Q

Nursing is the provision of (blank)

A

health care services

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23
Q

Nursing involves (blank) w/ pts. & their families

A

Collaborating

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24
Q

Nursing is integrally (blank)

A

integrally involved w/ people

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25
Q

Nursing Care is (blank) of diagnosis, individual differences, age, beliefs, gender, sexual orientation, or other factors

A

provided regardless

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26
Q

Nurses require (blank)

A

advanced knowledge & skills

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27
Q

Nursing requires concern, compassion, respect, & warmth, as well as (blank)

A

comprehensive, individualized planning of care, to facilitate pts’ growth toward wellness

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28
Q

Nursing links what?

A

theory & research

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29
Q

What was the focus of Nightingale’s philosophy?

A

the relationship between the pt., environment, & health

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30
Q

Nightingale recognized the importance of what?

A

clean air, water, adequate ventilation, rest, sunlight, & proper nutrition

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31
Q

Nightingale encouraged the arrangement of beds how?

A

She recommended they be in direct sunlight

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32
Q

Henderson believed what to be the unique function of the nurse to be what?

A

to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery(or peaceful death)

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33
Q

Henderson demonstrated what?

A

the nurse’s role changing on a day to day basis in relation to the changes in pt. needs

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34
Q

Orem’s self care model focuses on what?

A

pt. self-care capacities & the process of designing nursing actions to meet the pt. self-care needs

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35
Q

According to Orem’s model, the nurse prescribes & regulates the nursing system on the basis of what?

A

the pt.’s self-care deficit

36
Q

Roy’s adaptation model provides what?

A

a comprehensive understanding of nursing form the perspective of adaptation

37
Q

When demands of environmental stimuli are too high or the person’s adaptive mechanism are too low, what happens to the person’s behavioral responses?

A

They are ineffective for coping

38
Q

According to Roy’s adaptation model, the nurse promotes what?

A

patient adaptation & coping

39
Q

According to Roy’s adaptation model, the nurse modifies what?

A

the environment to facilitate pt. adaptation

40
Q

The nursing profession evolved from what?

A

applied vocation dependent on knowledge from the other disciplines to its current stage of development w/ its own knowledge base

41
Q

Research

A

systemic investigation of phenomena r/t improving patient care

42
Q

Research process

A
  1. identification of a research problem
  2. review of the literature
  3. formulation of the research question or hypothesis
  4. design of the study
  5. implementation of the study
  6. drawing conclusions based on findings
  7. discussion & implications
  8. dissemination
43
Q

Qualitative research

A

exploration of human experience, described & interpreted by the researcher

44
Q

Quantitative research

A

experimental designs driven by hypotheses measurable variables & outcomes, & statistical analysis

45
Q

Evidence based practice

A

an approach to the delivery of healthcare that integrates the best evidence from studies & pt. care data w/ clinician expertise & pt. preferences & values

46
Q

PICOT

A

P- population of interest
I- Intervention
C- Compassion
O- Outcome
T- time

47
Q

What is the final step of EBP approach to problem resolution?

A

Disseminating the results & findings through presentations & papers

48
Q

In nursing research study, what must occur to ensure data collection is valid?

A

Data collection tool must measure the concept its supposed to

49
Q

What is the use of research as a nursing student?

A

learning art research, doing honors projects or assisting in laboratories

50
Q

What is the use of research w/ a BSN?

A

identifies problems that can be studied; may do data collection for research studies

51
Q

What is the use of research w/ a MSN?

A

replicates earlier research; beginning independent research

52
Q

What is the use of research w/ a DNP?

A

connect research to practice; do research in collaboration w/ a PhD-prepared colleague

53
Q

What is the use of research w/ a PhD?

A

generate & test theory; establishing independent research career w/ external funding

54
Q

Clinical judgement

A

Make observations & draw conclusions about the patient’s needs or health problems & determine appropriate actions

55
Q

Clinical judgement develops over time w/ what?

A

pt. contact

56
Q

What are some opportunities to improve clinical judgement?

A

-Concept mapping
-reflective thinking
-Having discussions w/ colleagues
-Be inquisitive
-Be aware of personal basis
-Assess your own thinking style & problem-solving methods

57
Q

Nursing Process

A

standard in which problems are addressed & solved

58
Q

Nursing process steps

A

-Assessment
-analysis/identifying the problem
-planning
-implementation of planned interventions
-evaluation

59
Q

Therapeutic Use of Self

A

use of personality & communication skills to help pt.

60
Q

Therapeutic use of self helps develop what kind of relationship?

A

nurse-patient relationship

61
Q

What are the 3 phases associated w/ therapeutic use of self?

A

Orientations phase, working phase, termination phase

62
Q

Orientation phase

A

-establishes trust
-helps develop understanding of pt. problems & needs

63
Q

Working phase

A

-Comfort is established between pt. & nurse
-Pt.’s may exhibit alternated periods of intense effort & periods of resistance to change
-Regression often precedes positive change
-Requires patience, self-awareness, maturity, active listening

64
Q

Termination phase

A

-End relationship in therapeutic manner
-Begins w/ orientation phase
-Positive & negative feelings
-Positive feelings are often about gains made
-Negative feelings are often sadness, anger, & fear-loss

65
Q

Criteria for successful communication

A

-feedback
-appropriateness
-efficiency
-flexibility

66
Q

Collaboration

A

working jointly w/ other professionals (safety tool)

67
Q

Communication tools that promote safety

A

-IPASS
-SBAR
-CHEACKBACK
-HANDOFFS

68
Q

Guilt (impact of illness on pt.)

A

pt. May feel guilty about the illness, especially if the illness is associated w/ lifestyle

69
Q

Anger (impact of illness on pt.)

A

common emotional responce, especially Anglo-American culture, when illness requires sacrifice or lifestyle changes

70
Q

Anxiety (impact of illness on pt.)

A

-Mild produces increased alertness
-Moderate affects ability to concentrate
-Severe causes thoughts to become scattered
-Panic is when the person becomes completely disorganized & losses ability to differentiate reality & unreality

71
Q

Impact of illness on family

A

-Disrupted functioning of the entire family
-Uncertainty about how to treat ill family member
-Anxiety, anger, guilt, depression at having to take over responsibilities of ill family member
-Withdrawal from family participation or ill family member
-Caregiver stress

72
Q

What is caregiver stress?

A

common in families of pts. with prolonged, progessive illnesses

73
Q

Symptoms of caregiver stress

A

denial, anger, social withdrawal, anxiety, depression, exhaustion, sleep disturbances, irritability, lack of concentration, & health problems

74
Q

Stress

A

nonspecific response of the body to any demand made on it(w/ environmental component)

75
Q

internal stressor

A

Self & self perceptions

76
Q

external stressor

A

environmental, such as noise, cold, malfunctioning equipment, bad behavior

77
Q

interpersonal stressor

A

demands made by others; conflicts w/ others

78
Q

physiologic response to stress

A

fatigue, muscular tension, increase in HR & respirations, insomnia or excessive sleeping, eating impairment

79
Q

social & emotional response to stress

A

social isolation, distancing from others, hopelessness, perception of lack of control, irritability, impatience

80
Q

cognitive responce to stress

A

interference in cognitive function, decreased mental capacity & problem-solving, difficult decisions

81
Q

When coping is direct…

A

identify situations that can be changed & take responsibility for changing them

82
Q

When coping is indirect….

A

reduce the affective (feelings) & physiologic disturbances resulting in stress

83
Q

Cultural competence

A

Services that are respectful of and responsive to the health beliefs and practices and cultural and linguistic needs of diverse patient populations

84
Q

What can the nurse experience when others’ needs take too great of priority?

A

Compassion fatigue

85
Q

Compassion fatigue

A

negative feelings in which one experiences loss of physical energy, burnout, accident proneness, emotional breakdowns, apathy, indifference, poor judgment, & disinterest in introspection

86
Q

What should the nurse find in relation to self-care?

A

balance between caring for others & self-care

87
Q

What is key to optimal health

A

Balance

NURS 3005 Intro to Professional Nursing (1 decks)

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