Exam 2: Beef Industry

Question 1

1900

Answer 1

1st international livestock expansion- Chicago

Question 2

1911

Answer 2

USFS authorized to purchase 2M acres per year for 5 years

Question 3

1920

Answer 3

Tractors

Question 4

1904

Answer 4

1st livestock auction barn- Union Iowa

Question 5

1912

Answer 5

1st AI (Russia)

Question 6

1929

Answer 6

Last FMD outbreak in the US

Question 7

1936

Answer 7

Charolais introduced

Question 8

1940

Answer 8

WW11 60-80% of beef went to troops

Question 9

1960

Answer 9

transportation shifts from rails to trucks, packing plants are built near feedlots

Question 10

1985

Answer 10

Beef Promotion and Research Act becomes law

Question 11

1989

Answer 11

EEC imposes a hormone ban on US Beef

Question 12

1952

Answer 12

frozen semen

Question 13

1967

Answer 13

Boxed Beef Introduction

Question 14

1986

Answer 14

“War on Fat” is launched

Question 15

What is the average birth weight of a calf?

Answer 15

70 pounds

Question 16

What does the “first milk” provide for a newborn calf?

Answer 16

nutrition and immunity

Question 17

What is a calfs gut for the first 24 hours?

Answer 17

porous

Question 18

Dystocia is the generic term for

Answer 18

difficult birth

Question 19

There is no rumen microbial population at birth, it develops with

Answer 19

the 1st forage the calf consumes

Question 20

What day does a cow need to become pregnant?

Answer 20

82

Question 21

Why are 1st calf heifers the most difficult to manage?

Answer 21

They are not fully matured, have a calf by side, lactating, and require supplementation

Question 22

How long is a calf by cows side?

Answer 22

7 months

Question 23

What is the standard weaning length for calves?

Answer 23

205 days

Question 24

What is the average weaning weight?

Answer 24

600 lbs

Question 25

“Stock phase” for calves means

Answer 25

this period has cheap gains (usually high % forage)

Question 26

How many days do cattle need on high energy feed to transition to white fat?

Answer 26

100 days

Question 27

When are cattle harvested? Is it efficient?

Answer 27

past the inflection point this is less efficient (fat=nutrient dense 2.25X)

Question 28

Why are cattle harvested past the inflection point?

Answer 28

To ensure marbling deposition

Question 29

What is cattle dressing percentage?

Answer 29

63% (1500# live weight X 63% DP= 945 HCW

Question 30

HCW

Answer 30

Hot Carcass Weight

Question 31

What is removed from cattle during slaughter?

Answer 31

98% blood
Head
Hooves
Hide
Internal Organs besides Kidneys

Question 32

When are beef carcasses usually graded?

Answer 32

24 hours post-harvest

Question 33

Define Ribbed Down

Answer 33

split between 12th and 13th ribs to assess marbling

Question 34

Only A & B (9-30 months and 30-42 months) are eligible for USDA Quality grades of

Answer 34

Prime 10-12% IMF
Choice 5-10%
Select 3-5%
Standard <3%

Question 35

Management reasons cows are culled for

Answer 35

old, open, ornery (usually has to do with depletion of teeth)

Question 36

Cows and mature bulls are harvested and eligible for:

Answer 36

Commercial 5% and up
Utility 0% and up
Canner 0% and up

Question 37

Sliding scale

Answer 37

the older the animal the more marbling necessary to grade higher (ages are C, D, and E)

Question 38

How long ago was the “romanticized” cattle drives?

Answer 38

50 years ago

Question 39

What was winter of 1886 & 87 a culmination of?

Answer 39

several years of drought, overstocked cattle, hard winters

Question 40

What did the evolution of modern cattle feedlots start with?

Answer 40

Cannery waste- taking advantage of cattle and their ruminants