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Anthropology > Exam #2 Anthro 005 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Anthro 005 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an allele?

A

alternative form for a specific gene, different alleles code for different forms of a trait

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2
Q

What are the four evolutionary forces?

A

Natural Selection
Gene flow
Genetic drift
Mutation

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3
Q

What is the definition of evolution?

A

A change in gene frequency within a population overtime

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4
Q

How is reproductive success important?

A

It results in the genes being passed off, even if you are strong, if you can’t reproduce- your genes will not be passed on.

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5
Q

What are the alleles of Beta-globin?

A

A and S

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6
Q

Which one of the alleles cause sickle cell anemia?

A

The S allele

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7
Q

What are the health effects of sickle cell anemia?

A

Can cause premature death, damage organs and nerves, low oxygen

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8
Q

What are the functions of the skeleton?

A

Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral and lipid storage, and Blood cell formation

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9
Q

What are the seven key features of long bones?

A

Diaphysis- shaft
Epiphyses- ends of bone
Articular Cartilage- covers bone
Metaphysis- place where diphysis and epiphysis meet, or plate of cartilage in young bones
Epiphyseal Line- remnant of epiphyseal plate
Periosteum- connective tissue that covers the bone except where AC is; source of new bone cell production and connection of nerves.
Marrow Cavity- Hollow canal, yellow marrow inside

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10
Q

What are the types of bone tissue?

A

Compact or dense bone
Spongy bone (aka cancellous or trabecular)

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11
Q

What is the Midsagittal (Medial) Plane?

A

divides the body into left and right equal halves

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12
Q

What is the Coronal (Frontal) Plane?

A

Divides the body into front and back portions

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13
Q

What is the Transverse (Horizontal) Plane?

A

Divides the body into upper and lower parts

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14
Q

What is Medial and Lateral?

A

Medial- Closer to the midline or median plane
Lateral- Farther from midline or median plane

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15
Q

What is Anterior and Posterior?

A

Anterior- Towards the front
Posterior-Towards the back

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16
Q

What is Superior and Inferior?

A

Superior- above
Inferior- below

17
Q

What is Superficial and Deep?

A

Superficial- closer to bodies surface
Deep- internal

18
Q

What is Proximal and Distal?

A

Proximal- closer to the attachment of the limb
Distal- away from the attachment of the limb

19
Q

What is Ventral and Dorsal?

A

ANIMALS ONLY
Ventral- closer to belly
Dorsal- closer to back

20
Q

What is Cranial and Caudal?

A

ANIMALS ONLY
Cranial- closer to head
Caudal- closer to tip of tail

21
Q

What are Processes and where do they appear?

A

Raised areas on bone, appear where tendons of muscle attach

22
Q

What are Foramina and what are they used for?

A

Holes or Canals, made for vessels and nerves to pass through in bone

23
Q

What is Head?

A

A dome shaped articular projection

24
Q

What is Ridge?

A

A raised elongated area of bone

25
Q

What is Crest?

A

Relatively sharp narrow ridge?

26
Q

What is Foramen?

A

Holes for blood vessels and nerves to pass through

27
Q

What is Fossa?

A

A dug-out area or depression

28
Q

What does Flexion do?

A

acts to bend or reduce the angle between bones

29
Q

What does Extension do?

A

acts to increase the angle between bones

30
Q

In what order to the Vertebrae go in (up to down)

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccyx

31
Q

What is the meaning of the term “Forensic”?

A

to apply scientific methods and techniques to the investigation of crime, and its connections with or, use in the court of law

32
Q

The meaning of the term Osteometry

A

Osteometry is the study and measurement of human or animal skeleton

33
Q

What are the traits for determining sex?

A

Skull
Size and robusticity, shape of forehead, chin shape
Pelvis
Size and robusticity, Pelvic inlet

34
Q

What are the traits for determining Age?

A

Teeth, wearing down of enamel over-time
Epiphysis
Cranium, sutures

35
Q

What are the traits for determining Ancestry?

A

-Cranial traits
Cranial index
Nasal index
Orbital shape
lingual side of incisors

Anthropology (2 decks)

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