Exam 2 Flashcards
What is the product of creatine metabolism in muscles
Creatinine
What are WBCs in the urine called?
Pyuria
What is an expression of the degree of concentration of the urine called?
Specific gravity or osmolality
What stores urine, has transitional epithelium allowing for distention
The bladder
What is bacteria in the urine called?
bacteriuria
What is urine output less than 0.5ml/kg/hr called?
oliguria
What is the amount of plasma filtered through the glomeruli per unit of time called?
glomerular filtration rate
what controls the formation of urine?
the kidneys
What is decreased urine output of less than 50ml in 24 hours called?
anuria
What are red blood cells in the urine called?
hematuria
What is the ratio of solute to water in urine called?
osmolarity
What is the muscle of urination?
Detrusor
What is voiding more than every 3 hours called?
urinary frequency
What is painful or difficult urination called?
dysuria
What is another term for voiding?
micturition
What is the end product of protein metabolism?
urea nitrogen
What is a circular muscle that is able to stop urine flow and maintain continence with high bladder pressures called?
external sphincter
What is the degree of dilution or concentration of urine called?
osmolality
Incontinence in the elderly increases ____, frequently leads to _____ and predisposes to ___ and ____
isolation, institutionalization, infection and skin breakdown
What are two factors contributing to incontinence?
a reduction in bladder capacity and urethral closing pressure
What muscle function regarding urination tends to change with age and may be overactive at times?
detrusor muscle
What is detrusor overactivity characterized by?
immediate urinary urgency and frequency, urge incontinence
What is a unique consideration regarding urination in men?
benign prostatic hyperplasia may lead to outlet obstruction and overflow incontinence
What leads to urine leakage?
bladder pressure exceeding closing pressure