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EXAM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

hormones within females

A 
FSH
LH 
Estrogen
Progesterone
Inhibin
Prolactin
Oxytocin
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2
Q

hormones within both males and females

A

FSH
LH
Inhibin

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3
Q

hormones within males

A

FSH
LH
Inhibin
Testosterone

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4
Q

what does Gravida mean

A

number of pregnancies regardless of the outcome

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5
Q

what does Para mean

A

number of births after 20 weeks regardless of alive or stillborn

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6
Q

what does abortions mean

A

number of pregnancies terminated before 20 weeks

therapeutic or miscarriage

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7
Q

what would be the gravida and para for a women who gave birth to twins

A

Gravida 1

Para 1

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8
Q

when is the best time to do self breast exams

A

one week after menses

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9
Q

when are mammograms necessary and for who

A

yearly, over 40 and at risk patients

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10
Q

Nolliparius means what

A

round cervix, no kids

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11
Q

what does parius mean

A

slit cervix, has kids

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12
Q

what is cyclic breast discomfort

A

due to menstrual hormones

benign breast disorder

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13
Q

fibrocystic breast changes are what

A

lumpy or ropelike texture

benign breast disorder

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14
Q

what is mastitis

A

infection and inflammation of the breast, typically related to breast feeding
can cause sepsis
benign breast disorder

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15
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of breast cancer

A 
lumps/thickening
dimpling
clear/bloody discharge
swelling
tenderness
discoloration (peau d'orange)
mets
abnormal appearance when supine
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16
Q

how to prevent breast cancer

A

healthy lifestyle
non-hormonal contraception
breastfeeding
early identification

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17
Q

what is amenorrhea

A

loss/no period

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18
Q

Hypermenorrhea

A

lasts longer than 7 days

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19
Q

Hypomenorrhea

A

less than expected bleeding

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20
Q

Menometrorrhagia/Metromenorrhagia

A

overly long or heavy periods

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21
Q

Menorrhagia

A

greater than 80 ml of blood per menses

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22
Q

Oligiomenorrhea

A

period lasts longer than 35 days

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23
Q

Polymenorrhea

A

shorter than 21 days

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24
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

painful bleeding

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25
signs/symptoms of PMS (Premenstrual Syndrome)
``` water retention headache discomfort change in mood change in concentration ```
26
when is Premenstrual Disphoric Disorder (PMDD) present
same as PMS but has depression | *associated with body dysmorphia
27
what are some ways to help with PMS
Medications Exercise Stress management Limit alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, salts, sugars
28
what is Endometriosis
endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
29
signs and symptoms of Endometriosis
``` pain (often during menses) swelling organ damage scar tissue infertility ```
30
what is the treatment for Endometriosis
surgery estrogen reduction (meds, Ooph) relaxation exercises heat therapy
31
how is menopause determined
one full year without menses
32
what is perimenopause
when the body is adapting to changes | most symptoms present
33
signs and symptoms of menopause/perimenopause include
``` erratic menses tissue atrophy decreased lubrication hot flashes night sweats mental changes ```
34
treatment for menopause include
``` HRT (hormone replacement therapy) diet Phytoestrogens calcium/vitamin D dress in layers lubricant (water soluble) healthy diet (reduce alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, sugar) ```
35
what does HRT increase risk for
cerebrovascular disease
36
what are the cardinal signs and symptoms of Candidiasis/yeast infection
burning itching distinct cottage cheese discharge
37
what is the most common cause of Candidiasis
antibiotics
38
what is a sign of Bacterial Vaginosis
IT SMELLS
39
toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is often caused by what strands of bacteria
Staphylococcus | Streptococcus
40
causes of TSS
vaginal packing | prolonged use or use of highly absorbent tampons
41
signs and symptoms of TSS
``` redness of palms and soles fever sore throat headache dizziness confusion rash blisters petechiae ```
42
Cystocele is when what occurs
herniation of the bladder into the vagina (anteriorly)
43
Rectocele is when what occurs
herniation of rectum into the vagina (posteriorly)
44
Uterine prolapse is when what occurs
telescoping of uterus through vaginal canal
45
interventions for prolapses
Pessary ( device inserted to support vagina) Surgery Kegel Exercises
46
reasons for fertility issues in men include
``` Anatomic Hormonal Genetic Inflammatory Immune Sexual Dysfunction Psychological Exogenous ```
47
reasons for fertility issues in women include
Ovulation Tubal Uterine Other
48
what can Nuva Ring cause
increase in discharge
49
how long should a Nuva Ring stay in place
in for 3 weeks, out for 1 week
50
what is lactational amenorrhea
sex when breast feeding | ovulation can still occur
51
what is Coitus Interruptus
"pulling out" method | still get pregnant
52
what are the different forms of sterilization (men and women)
Tubal Ligation Vasectomy Hysterectomy
53
what is tubal ligation
fallopian tubes cut/closed off
54
what is a vasectomy
vas deferns cut/closed off
55
what is included in the term abortion
therapeutic (scheduled/planned for medical reason) | routine (ellective)
56
what are the risks associated with abortion
vaginal bleeding | hormone disruption
57
more common methods of abortion include
chemical | Plan B, Mifepristone, Methotrexate, Misoprostol
58
less common methods of abortion include
``` diltation and currettage (used for inevitable abortion/prevention of incomplete abortion) Menstrual Extraction Vacuum Aspiration Dilation/Evacuation Saline/Urea Injection Hysterectomy ```
59
what is included in the post termination care for a patient
``` watch for bleeding infection abstain form sex birth control grief counseling (can occur without regret) ```
60
benign growths include
fibroids/leiomyomata (estrogen sensitive) | cysts
61
what type of cysts are there
Bartholin's (duct is blocke, gets infected, causes abscess) | Dermoid/Territoma (can have teeth/hair)
62
what is the cause of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
endocrine imbalance
63
what are s/s of PCOS
``` infertility/difficulty conceiving obesity menstrual cycle abnormalities masculinization DM2 HTN CAD Endometrial Cancer ```
64
interventions/treatments for PCOS include
``` Antihypertensives Antihyperlipidemics Oral Hypoglycemics Oral Contraceptives Antiandrogen Agents GnRH Agonists (suppresion of ovary) Diet Exercise ```
65
what are the risk factors for developing Vulvar Cancer
STD Smoking Immune Suppression
66
signs and symptoms of Vulvar Cancer include
itching white/red patches ulcerations wart-like growths
67
what are the risk factors for developing Cervical Cancer
``` HPV early sex multiple partners multiple pregnancies smoking HSV-II ```
68
signs and symptoms of cervical cancer include
serosanginous discharge | asymptomatic
69
what is a Schillers Test and what can it help diagnose
iodine stain | Cervical Cancer
70
what are the risk factors for developing endometrial cancer
estrogen excess hormone replacement therapy obesity
71
signs and symptoms of endometrial cancer include
bleeding | abdominal pain
72
what are the risk factors for developing ovarian cancer
low fertility late menopause family genetics high fat diet
73
why does ovarian cancer sometimes go undiagnosed
often no s/s until late and multiple body parts affected
74
what is the only true form of sterilization
hysterectomy
75
what are the methods of doing a hysterectomy
abdominal vaginal laproscopic robotic
76
what is the post op care for a hysterectomy
``` PREVENT CONSTIPATION encourage ambulation increase fluids increase fiber intake stool softener ```
77
what are the s/s of Prostatitis
``` *can be asymptomatic Dysuria pain urgency frequency retention fever/chills unable to urinate=EMERGENCY ```
78
what is a common diagnostic test for prostate disorders
Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)
79
what are the interventions/treatments for Prostatitis
``` antibiotics anti-inflammatory stool softener Sitz bath dietary changes surgery EPS prostate masage ```
80
what causes benign prostate hyperplasia (BPHD)
increase in the numbers of cells
81
what are the s/s of BPHD
``` urinary retention dribbling nocturia dysuria urgency ```
82
what lab test is specific to the prostate
PSA
83
nursing interventions for BPHD include
``` watchful waiting catheter fluid antibiotics Flomax (alpha adrenergic agonist) hormone blockers tamisolosin surgery ```
84
what occurs with a transurectal resection of the prostate (TURP)
telescope into the urethra | overgrown tissue chipped away off prostate
85
what is the post op care for a TURP
monitor urine output and bleeding continuous or manual bladder irrigation encourage fluids avoid constipation, lifting, aspirin/nsaids educate on sexual function (retrograde ejaculation/semen into the bladder)
86
what should one watch for after a TURP
bladder spasms
87
how to prevent bladder spasms
monitor pain irrigate catheter administer analgesics/antispasmodics relaxation and deep breathing
88
what are the risk factors for Prostate Cancer
``` over age of 65 high testosterone high fat diet family genetics occupational exposures ```
89
s/s of prostate cancer (early,late,advanced)
early=rare later= hematuria, urine retention, urine obstruction advanced= bone pain, anemia, weakness, weight loss
90
what kind of treatment can be done for early prostate cancer
testosterone supressing meds
91
what can be done for metastatic prostate cancer (Advanced)
``` TURP radiation chemotherapy orchiectomy estrogen therapy radical prostatectomy ```
92
what is Pyronie's Disease
a curved penis with fibrous bands
93
what is Priapism
prolonged painful erection, more than 4 hours
94
what is Phimosis/Paraphimosis
EMERGENCY foreskin not retractable (Smegma can occur-bacteria under foreskin) can be urological emergency
95
what is Cryptorchidism
undescended testes
96
what is Hydrocele
fluid in the scrotal sac
97
what is Varicocele
varicose veins of the scrotum
98
what is Epididymitis
inflammaton/infection of the tube at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm
99
what is Orchitis
inflammation/infection of one or both testicles
100
how can you know if Testicular Torsion is occuring
horizontal testicle | PAIN PAIN PAIN
101
what are the risk factors for developing testicular cancer
``` 15-34 (younger men) cryptorchidism family genetics caucasian high socioeconomic status ```
102
early s/s of testicular cancer include
painless lump swelling back pain heaviness in the scrotum
103
late symptoms of testicular cancer include
bone pain organ systems affected weight loss
104
what is the nursing care for those with testicular cancer
testicular self exams provide emotional support discuss sperm bank deposit offer support group
105
how long does it take until a vasectomy is fully effective
20 ejaculations 12 weeks 3 months
106
what are the physical reasons for erectile dysfunction
``` circulation medications nerve disorders hormone imbalance sleep apnea limbic system dysfunction ```
107
what are the psychosocial reasons for erectile dysfunction
``` stress illness fatigue alcohol illegal drugs ```
108
causes of infertility in men include
Pretesticular (endocrine) Testicular (Varicocele, Idiopathic) Post-testicular (surgery)
109
what are therapeutic interventions for infertility in men
no tight jeans/underwear surgery in vitro procedure emotional support
110
what is the most common STI
Chlyamydia | *co-morbid with Gonorhhea
111
what are the risk factors for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
``` multiple partners STI substance abuse douching IUD use ```
112
what are the s/s of PID
``` abdominal pain purulent (puss) discharge dyspareunia (painful intercourse) N/V dysuria inflammation adhesions scarring chronic pain infertility ```
113
what are the signs and symptoms of chlamydia trachomatis
``` urethritis MPC conjuncitivits (swelling in eyes) prostatitis epididymitis ```
114
what are the signs and symtoms of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae in men
urethritis discharge that is thicker than chlamydia epididymitis (can affect eyes/throat)
115
what are the s/s of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae in women
``` MPC urethritis menstrual issues PID (can affect eyes/throat) ```
116
what are the stages of Syphilis (Treponema Pallidum)
primary secondary tertiary
117
what occurs in the primary stage of syphilis
chancre sores
118
what occurs in the secondary stage of syphilis
flu-like symptoms rash condylomatous growths (in moist areas)
119
what occurs in the tertiary stage of syphilis
gummas (tumors that create holes in organs) | systemic disease
120
what is the main treatment of syphilis
Penicillin
121
what is important to teach when it comes to syphilis
always contagious can be given mom to baby can manifest 10-20 years later
122
what are the s/s of Trichomoniasis "The Trick"
``` STRAWBERRY CERVIX genital redness, swelling itching, burning foul/frothy discharge Urethritis prostatitis ```
123
what can you get "The Trick" from if it isn't cleaned properly
sex toys
124
what are the s/s of Herpes Simplex
``` vesicles (blisters) ulcerations flu-like symptoms lymphadenopathy (lymph nodes) urethritis cycstitis MPC ```
125
what are the interventions that can be done for herpes simplex
antivirals prophylactic treatment in pregnancy C-Section
126
what occurs with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
genital warts no cure warts will grow back
127
what does HPV put you at risk for developing
cervical cancer (can lay dormant in women for years)
128
how is HIV transmitted
sexual secretions, blood, breastmilk, other fluids
129
who is most at risk for developing HIV
anal sex females those who engage in high risk sex
130
what is the patient teaching for HIV
safe sex practices take ALL antibiotics report s/s of complications

GU/Repro (1 decks)

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