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GU/Repro > EXAM 2 > Flashcards

EXAM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

hormones within females

A 
FSH
LH 
Estrogen
Progesterone
Inhibin
Prolactin
Oxytocin
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2
Q

hormones within both males and females

A

FSH
LH
Inhibin

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3
Q

hormones within males

A

FSH
LH
Inhibin
Testosterone

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4
Q

what does Gravida mean

A

number of pregnancies regardless of the outcome

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5
Q

what does Para mean

A

number of births after 20 weeks regardless of alive or stillborn

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6
Q

what does abortions mean

A

number of pregnancies terminated before 20 weeks

therapeutic or miscarriage

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7
Q

what would be the gravida and para for a women who gave birth to twins

A

Gravida 1

Para 1

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8
Q

when is the best time to do self breast exams

A

one week after menses

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9
Q

when are mammograms necessary and for who

A

yearly, over 40 and at risk patients

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10
Q

Nolliparius means what

A

round cervix, no kids

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11
Q

what does parius mean

A

slit cervix, has kids

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12
Q

what is cyclic breast discomfort

A

due to menstrual hormones

benign breast disorder

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13
Q

fibrocystic breast changes are what

A

lumpy or ropelike texture

benign breast disorder

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14
Q

what is mastitis

A

infection and inflammation of the breast, typically related to breast feeding
can cause sepsis
benign breast disorder

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15
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of breast cancer

A 
lumps/thickening
dimpling
clear/bloody discharge
swelling
tenderness
discoloration (peau d'orange)
mets
abnormal appearance when supine
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16
Q

how to prevent breast cancer

A

healthy lifestyle
non-hormonal contraception
breastfeeding
early identification

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17
Q

what is amenorrhea

A

loss/no period

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18
Q

Hypermenorrhea

A

lasts longer than 7 days

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19
Q

Hypomenorrhea

A

less than expected bleeding

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20
Q

Menometrorrhagia/Metromenorrhagia

A

overly long or heavy periods

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21
Q

Menorrhagia

A

greater than 80 ml of blood per menses

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22
Q

Oligiomenorrhea

A

period lasts longer than 35 days

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23
Q

Polymenorrhea

A

shorter than 21 days

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24
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

painful bleeding

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25
Q

signs/symptoms of PMS (Premenstrual Syndrome)

A 
water retention
headache
discomfort 
change in mood
change in concentration
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26
Q

when is Premenstrual Disphoric Disorder (PMDD) present

A

same as PMS but has depression

*associated with body dysmorphia

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27
Q

what are some ways to help with PMS

A

Medications
Exercise
Stress management
Limit alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, salts, sugars

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28
Q

what is Endometriosis

A

endometrial tissue outside of the uterus

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29
Q

signs and symptoms of Endometriosis

A 
pain (often during menses)
swelling
organ damage
scar tissue
infertility
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30
Q

what is the treatment for Endometriosis

A

surgery
estrogen reduction (meds, Ooph)
relaxation exercises
heat therapy

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31
Q

how is menopause determined

A

one full year without menses

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32
Q

what is perimenopause

A

when the body is adapting to changes

most symptoms present

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33
Q

signs and symptoms of menopause/perimenopause include

A 
erratic menses
tissue atrophy
decreased lubrication 
hot flashes
night sweats
mental changes
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34
Q

treatment for menopause include

A 
HRT (hormone replacement therapy)
diet Phytoestrogens
calcium/vitamin D
dress in layers
lubricant (water soluble)
healthy diet (reduce alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, sugar)
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35
Q

what does HRT increase risk for

A

cerebrovascular disease

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36
Q

what are the cardinal signs and symptoms of Candidiasis/yeast infection

A

burning
itching
distinct cottage cheese discharge

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37
Q

what is the most common cause of Candidiasis

A

antibiotics

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38
Q

what is a sign of Bacterial Vaginosis

A

IT SMELLS

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39
Q

toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is often caused by what strands of bacteria

A

Staphylococcus

Streptococcus

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40
Q

causes of TSS

A

vaginal packing

prolonged use or use of highly absorbent tampons

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41
Q

signs and symptoms of TSS

A 
redness of palms and soles
fever
sore throat
headache 
dizziness
confusion 
rash
blisters
petechiae
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42
Q

Cystocele is when what occurs

A

herniation of the bladder into the vagina (anteriorly)

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43
Q

Rectocele is when what occurs

A

herniation of rectum into the vagina (posteriorly)

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44
Q

Uterine prolapse is when what occurs

A

telescoping of uterus through vaginal canal

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45
Q

interventions for prolapses

A

Pessary ( device inserted to support vagina)
Surgery
Kegel Exercises

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46
Q

reasons for fertility issues in men include

A 
Anatomic
Hormonal
Genetic
Inflammatory
Immune
Sexual Dysfunction
Psychological 
Exogenous
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47
Q

reasons for fertility issues in women include

A

Ovulation
Tubal
Uterine
Other

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48
Q

what can Nuva Ring cause

A

increase in discharge

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49
Q

how long should a Nuva Ring stay in place

A

in for 3 weeks, out for 1 week

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50
Q

what is lactational amenorrhea

A

sex when breast feeding

ovulation can still occur

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51
Q

what is Coitus Interruptus

A

“pulling out” method

still get pregnant

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52
Q

what are the different forms of sterilization (men and women)

A

Tubal Ligation
Vasectomy
Hysterectomy

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53
Q

what is tubal ligation

A

fallopian tubes cut/closed off

54
Q

what is a vasectomy

A

vas deferns cut/closed off

55
Q

what is included in the term abortion

A

therapeutic (scheduled/planned for medical reason)

routine (ellective)

56
Q

what are the risks associated with abortion

A

vaginal bleeding

hormone disruption

57
Q

more common methods of abortion include

A

chemical

Plan B, Mifepristone, Methotrexate, Misoprostol

58
Q

less common methods of abortion include

A 
diltation and currettage (used for inevitable abortion/prevention of incomplete abortion)
Menstrual Extraction
Vacuum Aspiration 
Dilation/Evacuation
Saline/Urea Injection
Hysterectomy
59
Q

what is included in the post termination care for a patient

A 
watch for bleeding
infection
abstain form sex
birth control
grief counseling (can occur without regret)
60
Q

benign growths include

A

fibroids/leiomyomata (estrogen sensitive)

cysts

61
Q

what type of cysts are there

A

Bartholin’s (duct is blocke, gets infected, causes abscess)

Dermoid/Territoma (can have teeth/hair)

62
Q

what is the cause of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

A

endocrine imbalance

63
Q

what are s/s of PCOS

A 
infertility/difficulty conceiving 
obesity 
menstrual cycle abnormalities 
masculinization 
DM2
HTN
CAD
Endometrial Cancer
64
Q

interventions/treatments for PCOS include

A 
Antihypertensives
Antihyperlipidemics 
Oral Hypoglycemics 
Oral Contraceptives 
Antiandrogen Agents
GnRH Agonists (suppresion of ovary)
Diet 
Exercise
65
Q

what are the risk factors for developing Vulvar Cancer

A

STD
Smoking
Immune Suppression

66
Q

signs and symptoms of Vulvar Cancer include

A

itching
white/red patches
ulcerations
wart-like growths

67
Q

what are the risk factors for developing Cervical Cancer

A 
HPV
early sex
multiple partners
multiple pregnancies 
smoking 
HSV-II
68
Q

signs and symptoms of cervical cancer include

A

serosanginous discharge

asymptomatic

69
Q

what is a Schillers Test and what can it help diagnose

A

iodine stain

Cervical Cancer

70
Q

what are the risk factors for developing endometrial cancer

A

estrogen excess
hormone replacement therapy
obesity

71
Q

signs and symptoms of endometrial cancer include

A

bleeding

abdominal pain

72
Q

what are the risk factors for developing ovarian cancer

A

low fertility
late menopause
family genetics
high fat diet

73
Q

why does ovarian cancer sometimes go undiagnosed

A

often no s/s until late and multiple body parts affected

74
Q

what is the only true form of sterilization

A

hysterectomy

75
Q

what are the methods of doing a hysterectomy

A

abdominal
vaginal
laproscopic
robotic

76
Q

what is the post op care for a hysterectomy

A 
PREVENT CONSTIPATION 
encourage ambulation
increase fluids
increase fiber intake
stool softener
77
Q

what are the s/s of Prostatitis

A 
*can be asymptomatic 
Dysuria
pain
urgency 
frequency 
retention 
fever/chills
unable to urinate=EMERGENCY
78
Q

what is a common diagnostic test for prostate disorders

A

Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)

79
Q

what are the interventions/treatments for Prostatitis

A 
antibiotics
anti-inflammatory
stool softener
Sitz bath
dietary changes
surgery
EPS
prostate masage
80
Q

what causes benign prostate hyperplasia (BPHD)

A

increase in the numbers of cells

81
Q

what are the s/s of BPHD

A 
urinary retention
dribbling
nocturia
dysuria
urgency
82
Q

what lab test is specific to the prostate

A

PSA

83
Q

nursing interventions for BPHD include

A 
watchful waiting
catheter
fluid
antibiotics
Flomax (alpha adrenergic agonist)
hormone blockers
tamisolosin
surgery
84
Q

what occurs with a transurectal resection of the prostate (TURP)

A

telescope into the urethra

overgrown tissue chipped away off prostate

85
Q

what is the post op care for a TURP

A

monitor urine output and bleeding
continuous or manual bladder irrigation
encourage fluids
avoid constipation, lifting, aspirin/nsaids
educate on sexual function (retrograde ejaculation/semen into the bladder)

86
Q

what should one watch for after a TURP

A

bladder spasms

87
Q

how to prevent bladder spasms

A

monitor pain
irrigate catheter
administer analgesics/antispasmodics
relaxation and deep breathing

88
Q

what are the risk factors for Prostate Cancer

A 
over age of 65
high testosterone 
high fat diet
family genetics
occupational exposures
89
Q

s/s of prostate cancer (early,late,advanced)

A

early=rare
later= hematuria, urine retention, urine obstruction
advanced= bone pain, anemia, weakness, weight loss

90
Q

what kind of treatment can be done for early prostate cancer

A

testosterone supressing meds

91
Q

what can be done for metastatic prostate cancer (Advanced)

A 
TURP
radiation
chemotherapy
orchiectomy
estrogen therapy
radical prostatectomy
92
Q

what is Pyronie’s Disease

A

a curved penis with fibrous bands

93
Q

what is Priapism

A

prolonged painful erection, more than 4 hours

94
Q

what is Phimosis/Paraphimosis

A

EMERGENCY
foreskin not retractable (Smegma can occur-bacteria under foreskin)
can be urological emergency

95
Q

what is Cryptorchidism

A

undescended testes

96
Q

what is Hydrocele

A

fluid in the scrotal sac

97
Q

what is Varicocele

A

varicose veins of the scrotum

98
Q

what is Epididymitis

A

inflammaton/infection of the tube at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm

99
Q

what is Orchitis

A

inflammation/infection of one or both testicles

100
Q

how can you know if Testicular Torsion is occuring

A

horizontal testicle

PAIN PAIN PAIN

101
Q

what are the risk factors for developing testicular cancer

A 
15-34 (younger men)
cryptorchidism 
family genetics
caucasian 
high socioeconomic status
102
Q

early s/s of testicular cancer include

A

painless lump
swelling
back pain
heaviness in the scrotum

103
Q

late symptoms of testicular cancer include

A

bone pain
organ systems affected
weight loss

104
Q

what is the nursing care for those with testicular cancer

A

testicular self exams
provide emotional support
discuss sperm bank deposit
offer support group

105
Q

how long does it take until a vasectomy is fully effective

A

20 ejaculations
12 weeks
3 months

106
Q

what are the physical reasons for erectile dysfunction

A 
circulation 
medications
nerve disorders 
hormone imbalance 
sleep apnea
limbic system dysfunction
107
Q

what are the psychosocial reasons for erectile dysfunction

A 
stress
illness
fatigue
alcohol
illegal drugs
108
Q

causes of infertility in men include

A

Pretesticular (endocrine)
Testicular (Varicocele, Idiopathic)
Post-testicular (surgery)

109
Q

what are therapeutic interventions for infertility in men

A

no tight jeans/underwear
surgery
in vitro procedure
emotional support

110
Q

what is the most common STI

A

Chlyamydia

*co-morbid with Gonorhhea

111
Q

what are the risk factors for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

A 
multiple partners
STI
substance abuse
douching
IUD use
112
Q

what are the s/s of PID

A 
abdominal pain
purulent (puss) discharge 
dyspareunia (painful intercourse)
N/V
dysuria
inflammation
adhesions
scarring
chronic pain
infertility
113
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of chlamydia trachomatis

A 
urethritis 
MPC
conjuncitivits (swelling in eyes)
prostatitis 
epididymitis
114
Q

what are the signs and symtoms of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae in men

A

urethritis
discharge that is thicker than chlamydia
epididymitis
(can affect eyes/throat)

115
Q

what are the s/s of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae in women

A 
MPC
urethritis 
menstrual issues
PID 
(can affect eyes/throat)
116
Q

what are the stages of Syphilis (Treponema Pallidum)

A

primary
secondary
tertiary

117
Q

what occurs in the primary stage of syphilis

A

chancre sores

118
Q

what occurs in the secondary stage of syphilis

A

flu-like symptoms
rash
condylomatous growths (in moist areas)

119
Q

what occurs in the tertiary stage of syphilis

A

gummas (tumors that create holes in organs)

systemic disease

120
Q

what is the main treatment of syphilis

A

Penicillin

121
Q

what is important to teach when it comes to syphilis

A

always contagious
can be given mom to baby
can manifest 10-20 years later

122
Q

what are the s/s of Trichomoniasis “The Trick”

A 
STRAWBERRY CERVIX
genital redness, swelling
itching, burning
foul/frothy discharge
Urethritis 
prostatitis
123
Q

what can you get “The Trick” from if it isn’t cleaned properly

A

sex toys

124
Q

what are the s/s of Herpes Simplex

A 
vesicles (blisters)
ulcerations
flu-like symptoms
lymphadenopathy (lymph nodes)
urethritis 
cycstitis 
MPC
125
Q

what are the interventions that can be done for herpes simplex

A

antivirals
prophylactic treatment in pregnancy
C-Section

126
Q

what occurs with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

A

genital warts
no cure
warts will grow back

127
Q

what does HPV put you at risk for developing

A

cervical cancer (can lay dormant in women for years)

128
Q

how is HIV transmitted

A

sexual secretions, blood, breastmilk, other fluids

129
Q

who is most at risk for developing HIV

A

anal sex
females
those who engage in high risk sex

130
Q

what is the patient teaching for HIV

A

safe sex practices
take ALL antibiotics
report s/s of complications

GU/Repro (1 decks)

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