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Physics > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

What type of models allow u to think about how to complete the solution?

A

Mental models

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1
Q

What kind of models show how variables relate to each other?

A

Scientific models

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2
Q

Why kind of models help take the guess work out by providing hands on?

A

Physical models

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3
Q

What refers to proportion?

Ex: 1inch=1foot

A

Scale

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4
Q

What type of model is descriptive in nature and shows how something works?

A

Conceptual model

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5
Q

Who described a heliocentric model?

A

Copernicus

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6
Q

Who invented a telescope and documented movement of stars?

A

Galileo

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7
Q

Who took data from Brahe and derived planetary motion laws?

A

Kepler

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8
Q

Who used info from previous men and derived the law of universal gravitation?

A

Newton

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9
Q

What kind of model has a dependent variable and an independent variable?

A

Graphical models

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10
Q

Which variable goes on the y axis?

A

Dependent variable

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11
Q

Which variable goes on the x axis?

A

Independent variable

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12
Q

Where an object is located in some respect to some other object

A

Position (displacement)

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13
Q

Direction when graphing

A

North: top of paper
East: right of paper
South: bottom of paper
West: left of paper

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14
Q

The measurement of the path you took

A

Distance

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15
Q

The measurement from point A to point B

A

Displacement

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16
Q

Something that includes 2 properties

A

Vector quantity

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17
Q

Vector quantities of displacement

A

Direction and magnitude

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18
Q

Measure of length, and strength

A

Magnitude

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19
Q

North, south, east, west, up/down, positive/negative

A

Direction

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20
Q

Slope of the position vs time graph

A

Speed

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21
Q

Ratio of rise/run

A

Slope

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22
Q

The rate at which speed changes or a changing of direction of an object

A

Acceleration

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23
Q

Speeding up (positive)

A

Acceleration

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24
Q

Slowing down (negative)

A

Deceleration

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25
Q

Acceleration formula

A

A=Vf-Vi/Tf-Ti
Or
Change in velocity over change in time

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26
Q

Units for acceleration

A

m/s/s
Or
m/s^2

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27
Q

No acceleration occurs if….

A

Velocity is constant

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28
Q

Accelerates objects towards earth

A

Gravity

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29
Q

Rate of gravity

A

9.8m/s/s

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30
Q

Slope on a velocity-time graph

A

Acceleration

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31
Q

What force opposes motion of the object?

A

Friction

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32
Q

What causes the wearing away of surfaces?

A

Friction

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33
Q

Types of friction

A

Static
Sliding
Rolling

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34
Q

What type of friction occurs when the surfaces don’t move? (The most friction is produced)

A

Static

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35
Q

What type of friction occurs when the two surfaces move? (Medium friction occurs)

A

Sliding

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36
Q

What friction occurs when a round object moves over a surface? (Least friction produced)

A

Rolling friction

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37
Q

The mass of an object times the velocity of the object

A

Momentum

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38
Q

What is momentum measured in?

A

Kg•m/s

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39
Q

Momentum formula

A

P=mv

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40
Q

The tendency of an object to resist change in motion

A

Inertia

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41
Q

The total momentum of a system remains constant if all outside forces acting on the system are total zero

A

Law of conservation of momentum

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42
Q

A device with moving parts that work together to accomplish a task

A

Machine

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43
Q

What you do to make the machine function

A

Input

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44
Q

What the machine does for you, making work easier, not less

A

Output

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45
Q

List the six types of simple machines

A 
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and axel
Wedge
Screw
Inclined plane
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46
Q

An unpowered mechanical device

A

Simple machine

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47
Q

The ratio of output force to input force

A

Mechanical advantage

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48
Q

Formula for MA

A

MA=Fo/Fi

MA=output force/input force

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49
Q

Pulling force which acts along the direction of the rope

A

Tension force

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50
Q

In a block and tackle system, MA is dependent on the number of ______.

A

Supporting ropes

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51
Q

A stiff material such as a board, crowbar, etc. that is supported and pivots around a fixed point called the fulcrum

A

Lever

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52
Q

The arm in a lever where force is applied

A

Input arm

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53
Q

Arm in a lever where the load to be moved is located

A

Output arm

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54
Q

Class of lever with fulcrum in the middle

A

1st

55
Q

Class of lever with output in the middle

A

2nd

56
Q

Class of lever with input in the middle

A

3rd

57
Q

The application of science to solve problems

A

Engineering or technology

58
Q

Part of engineering cycle where research is done

A

Conceptual design

59
Q

Part of engineering cycle where you build models

A

Prototype

60
Q

Part of engineering cycle where the model is given the chance to succeed or fail

A

Test

61
Q

Part of engineering cycle where you identify the good and bad points of the prototype

A

Evaluation

62
Q

VOE

A

Car designer

63
Q

Why are gears better than wheels?

A

Teeth dont slip

64
Q

Formula for gears

A

Output turns/input turns = input teeth/output teeth

65
Q

Force times the distance moved in the direction of the force

A

Work

66
Q

Work formula

A

W=f•d

Work = force • distance

67
Q

What things prevent machines from getting 100% efficiency?

A

Friction, thermodynamics, and other work losses

68
Q

Efficiency formula

A

Eff. = Wo/Wi • 100% = _______%

69
Q

Rate at which work is done

A

Power

70
Q

Formula for power

A

P=w/t

Power = work/time

71
Q

Unit for power

A

Watts

72
Q

Unit for work

A

Joules

73
Q

Who was the watt named after?

A

James watts, inventor of the steam engine

74
Q

746 Watts or 550 ft•lb/sec =

A

1 horsepower (hp)

75
Q

Ability to do work

A

Energy

76
Q

Unit for energy

A

Joules

77
Q

Energy based on position or situation

A

Potential energy (Ep)

78
Q

Formula for potential energy

A

Ep=mass•gravity•meters

79
Q

Unit of potential energy

A

Kg•m^2/s^2

80
Q

Energy of motion

A

Kinetic energy (Ek)

81
Q

What 2 things does kinetic energy depend on?

A

Mass and speed

82
Q

Formula for kinetic energy

A

Ek = 1/2mv^2

83
Q

Formula for energy conservation

A

Epi+Eki=Epf+Ekf

Initial potential energy+Initial kinetic energy = Final potential energy+Final kinetic energy

84
Q

List other types of energy

A

Radiant
Electrical
Chemical
Nuclear

85
Q

The flow of electric current through wired or devices

A

Electricity

86
Q

Paths by which electricity flows or follows

A

Electric circuits

87
Q

Used to break or complete a circuit

A

Switches

88
Q

Gives a basic idea of the parts of a circuit and the path of flow

A

Circuit diagram

89
Q

Electrical symbol for wire

A

________

90
Q

Electrical symbol for battery

A

—–| i—–

91
Q

Electrical symbol for light bulb

A

___Q___

92
Q

Any device which uses energy

A

Resistor

93
Q

An incomplete circuit

A

Open circuit

94
Q

A complete circuit

A

Closed circuit

95
Q

A circuit with an alternate path

A

Short circuit

96
Q

Who discovered the principle of the electric motor

A

Michael Faraday

97
Q

A fundamental property of matter

A

Electric charge

98
Q

Build up of electricity

A

Static charge

99
Q

Like charges ______

A

Repel

100
Q

Opposite charges ______

A

Attract

101
Q

What do we measure electric charge in?

A

Coulombs

102
Q

Who was first to succeed in making accurate measure of lightning

A

Charles Augustin de Coulomb

103
Q

Positive charge

A

Protons

104
Q

Negative charge

A

Electrons

105
Q

Coulomb constant

A

8.99•10^9 Nm^2/c^2

106
Q

A simple device which detects electric charge

A

Electroscope

107
Q

Defined as the potential difference between 2 points

A

Voltage

108
Q

Uses chemical energy to move charges

A

Battery

109
Q

Motors which spin and create voltage

A

Generators and alternators

110
Q

The amount of voltage difference between the positive end and the negative end = total watts

A

In a battery

111
Q

Current flows from _____ voltage to ______ voltage

A

Higher to lower

112
Q

Allows charges to flow easily and without much loss of energy

A

Conductors

113
Q

Who invented the battery in 1800?

A

Alessanzo Volta

114
Q

Defined as the flow of electric charges

A

Current

115
Q

Current is measured in _____

A

Amperes

116
Q

Electrical fires occur when…?

A

Too much current moves through a circuit

117
Q

What devices help prevent electrical fires?

A

Circuit breakers, fuses, and GFCI

118
Q

D.C.

A

Direct current

119
Q

A.C.

A

Alternating current

120
Q

Flows in one direction- from positive to negative, but the e- move from negative to positive

A

Direct current

121
Q

The flow of the current oscillates or moves back and forth

A

Alternating current

122
Q

How easily charges flow through a material

A

Resistance

123
Q

Move charges more easily

A

Conductors

124
Q

They can move charges due to their chemical makeup

A

Semiconductors

125
Q

Do not allow charges to flow

A

Insulators

126
Q

The property of a material to allow charges to flow

A

Electrical conductivity

127
Q

The lowest voltage at which an insulator turns into a conductor

A

Breakdown voltage

128
Q

Ohms

A

Unit of resistance

129
Q

Resistance formula

A

R=V/I

130
Q

This occurs when charges bounce into atoms

A

Resistance

131
Q

A device which maintains temperature and current over a wide range

A

Resistor

132
Q

Maintains the same value

A

Fixed

133
Q

Not consistent or adjustable

A

Variable

134
Q

A variable resistor

A

Potentiometer

135
Q

An electrical path which current has only one way to go

A

Series circuit

136
Q

An electrical path which current has more than one path

A

Parallel circuit

Physics (2 decks)

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