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Environmental Technology 1 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hypocaust

A

“Under burnt”

Romans used masonry to circulate heat

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2
Q

Disadvantage of the hypocaust

A

Carbon Monoxide

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3
Q

IAQ

A

Indoor Air Quality

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4
Q

1 ton of cooling =

A

1 ton of ice

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5
Q

Emergence of office typology brought:

A

Indoor air pollution

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6
Q

OPR

A

Owner performance requirements

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7
Q

Commissioning process

A

Process of assuring that everything meets OPR requirements

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8
Q

Thermodynamics

A

Study of the effects of work, heat, and energy on a system

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9
Q

E terms for qualifying and quantifying design performance

A 
Energy
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Enthalpy
Entropy
Exergy
Conservation
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10
Q

Energy

A

Ability to do work

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11
Q

Applied psycometrics (heating & cooling)

A

Sensible heating / cooling
Humidifying + heating / cooling
Dehumidifying +heating / cooling
Dehumidying…. humidifying (evaporative cooling)

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12
Q

Psychrometry

A

Study of physical and thermal properties of dry air and water vapor mixtures

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13
Q

Why we care about psychrometry

A

Mold / condensation / life safety

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14
Q

2 methods of dealing with water vapor

A

1 keep humid air away from cool surfaces

2 keep surfaces warm when in contact with humid air

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15
Q

HVAC is selected based on:

A

Size of project (small vs specialty)

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16
Q

Heat flows from ______ to ______

A

Hot to cold

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17
Q

Heat flow in the winter

A

From building to outdoors

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18
Q

Thermal materials are classified as ______ or ______

A

Insulators or conductors

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19
Q

How many types of insulators are there

A

3

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20
Q

_____+_____+_____= a good conductor

A

Density, conductance, specific heat

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21
Q

Insulators have ______ r value

A

Higher

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22
Q

UV rays

A

Ultraviolet

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23
Q

UV have _______

Infrared have ________

A

Short waves

Longwaves

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24
Q

______ rays can not penetrate _____

A

Infrared …. glass /atmosphere

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25
Q

Greenhouse effect is caused by

A

Infrared rays not being able to penetrate the atmosphere

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26
Q

High heat capacity =

Low heat capacity =

A

Hold heat

Releases heat

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27
Q

Heat capacity is based on:

A

Density and quality

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28
Q

Which is denser water or steal

A

Water

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29
Q

Which is denser steal or concrete?

A

Steal

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30
Q

5 types of passive cooling

A 
Solar shading
Ventilation
Using a thermal mass or heat sink
Using thermal mass to shed heat
Evaporative cooling
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31
Q

Best way to combat high temperatures

A

Air motion/ ventilation

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32
Q

Shading is most needed where

A

Low income areas

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33
Q

Shading solutions are most effect where?

A

Exterior

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34
Q

Radiation

A

Electromagnetic energy that is emitted through space

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35
Q

btu/h

A

British thermal units per hour

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36
Q

But/h =

A

Watts (W)

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37
Q

Convection

A

Between fluid (usually air) and solid

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38
Q

Conduction

A

Molecule to molecule

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39
Q

Evaporation

A

Carries heat away from surfaces

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40
Q

A heat gain diagram varies based on

A

Latitude

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41
Q

How many climate types in the US

A

26

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42
Q

Primary factors of thermal comfort

A 
Metabolic state
Air temp
Mean radiant temp
Air motion
Humidity
Acclimation
Clothing
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43
Q

ASHRAE

A

American society of heating, refrigerating, and AC engineers

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44
Q

Human thermal comfort is between

A

67 and 82 degrees

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45
Q

Building should have less than ____% humid for what reason

A

65%

Bacterial/microbial reasons

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46
Q

Legionaries disease isn’t caused by

A

Moisture carrying it into the building through contaminated water

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47
Q

Downside of better/tighter buildings

A

Indoor air pollution

48
Q

Ventilation standards in the 1970s were lowered due to

A

The oil embargo

49
Q

Oil embargo caused ______ in 1984

A

Sick building syndrome

50
Q

Toxic / off gassing materials

A

Formaldehyde
Fiber material in ducts
VOCs (volatile organic compounds)

51
Q

Genius loci author

A

Norberg-Schulz

52
Q

Architecture is the ____ environment

A

3rd (Messo)

53
Q

Micro > macro > messo is define by

A

Fitch

54
Q

Azimuth

A

Horizontal angle from true south

55
Q

Solar noon

A

Half way between sunrise and sunset

56
Q

Degree day base temperature (varies)

A

65 degrees

57
Q

Degree day

A

Compares the mean average outdoor temperatures to a base temperature

58
Q

Heating degree days:

A

Measures how cool a temperature is

59
Q

More heating degrees days=

A

Higher heating load

60
Q

Thermal zoning based on

A

Orientation to the sun and occupancy and program

61
Q

Every zone needs

A

Supply air
Temperature control
Return air

62
Q

Ways to deliver heat

A

Air
Water
Electricity

63
Q

Which takes up the most space between air water and electricity

A

Air

64
Q

Ways of cooling

A

Water

Air

65
Q

Types of active climate control systems

A

All air
All water
Direct expansion

66
Q

Heat pump

A

Using evaporative cooling to transfer heat to heat sink

67
Q

Which HVAC system uses more duct work? Centralized or decentralized?

A

Centralized

68
Q

Supply and return in warm climate

A

Supply high return low

69
Q

Wabi sabi

A

Japanese technique that embraces markings due to time

70
Q

How maintain IAQ

A

Pollution control at source

Isolate IAQ sensitive areas from contamination

71
Q

Door schedules lack

A

Industry standards

72
Q

4 aspects of door hardware

A

Hanging
Securing
Controlling
Protecting

73
Q

3 parts of door hardware specification

A

General admin requirements
Products and how to apply them
Execution/installation

74
Q

First priority of codes

A

Protect human life

75
Q

Most widely used strategy to protect people

A

NFPA/life safety 101

76
Q

4 fire design strategies

A

Building integrity
Containment
Notify
Escape

77
Q

Triangle shirtwaist factory

A

Proved fire escapes do not work

Created OSHA

78
Q

OSHA

A

Occupational safety and health admin

Oversees work safety

79
Q

4 elements of fire

A

Fuel
Heat
Oxygen
Reaction chain

80
Q

In terms of fire why is having a high R value good?

A

Prevents conduction

81
Q

How to avoid radiation worsening a fire

A

Distancing and placements according to code

82
Q

It’s an architect’s responsibility to protect:

A

Health
Safety
Welfare

83
Q

How to manage a fire from fueling

A

Choosing furnishing that resist fire

And have a good flame spread rating

84
Q

ASTM test

A

Rates a materials vulnerability to fire

85
Q

Fire load

A

Potential combustion energy

86
Q

Manage convection

A

Choose less flammable materials

87
Q

Safest construction type for fire

A

Fire resistive

88
Q

Least safe type of construction for fire

A

Wood frame

89
Q

How many types of construction

A

5

90
Q

What system is used to retain fire

A

Rated wall assembles

91
Q

Types of sprinkles

A

Wet pipe
Dry pipe
Preaction system
Deluge system

92
Q

Managing occupants

A

Preparation
Warning
Evacuation
Protection

93
Q

Deaths in fire are due to

A

Inadequate exit routes

94
Q

A room of any size should have ___ exits

A

2

95
Q

The “safe width” of an exit is determined by

A

number of occupants flowing together

96
Q

Tributary effect

A

Occupants flowing together

97
Q

Travel distance limit

A

250 feet

98
Q

Fire stair minimum width

A

44”

99
Q

Main entrance should allow

A

Half of the buildings population to exit

100
Q

Human civilization is inseparably linked to

A

Water

101
Q

GPCD or G/CD

A

Gallon per capita per day

102
Q

Which uses more water? Agriculture and industry OR personal use

A

Ag. And industry

103
Q

Best/most natural methods of recharging the aquifer

A

Wetlands and bioswales

104
Q

What prevents aquifer recharge

A

Pavement and building

105
Q

Use retention and detention but avoid _____ use if possible

A

Avoid storm sewer

106
Q

3 types of water distribution systems

A

Towers
Pumps
Balanced pressure

107
Q

Typical water pressure

A

55-75 PSI

108
Q

Cons of high water pressure

A

Frictional losses
Leaks
Stress on fixtures
Noise

109
Q

Cons of low water pressure

A

Limits building height

110
Q

Removing waste uses

A

Gravity and drinkable water

111
Q

Plumbing vent can be ____ or ____

A

Continuous or individual

112
Q

Plumbing riser diagram shows

A

Spatial organization and pipe size

113
Q

Plumbing limitations ON SITE

A

Separation requirements
Area requirements
Buffer zones
Limits due to slope

114
Q

Municipal water treatment steps

A 
Serpent are solids
Disinfect
Filter
Dry
Burn OR spread
115
Q

Do not put down sink

A

Pharmaceuticals
Drugs
Wipes
Grease/ oil

Environmental Technology 1 (2 decks)

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