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Biopsych > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder

A
  • Impaired control over substance use
  • taking the substance in larger amts, trying to cut down, spending time obtaining
  • failure in home, school, work
  • continues to use substance despite knowledge
  • tolerance and withdrawal occur
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2
Q

Alcohol: effect body/mind

A

E: sedation, decreased inhibitions, relaxation, decreased coordination, slurred speech, nausea
O: respiratory depression, cardiac arrest

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3
Q

Stimulant: amphetamines, cocaine

A

E: euphoria, CNS stimulation, wakefulness, decreased appetite, insomnia, paranoia, aggressiveness, dilated pupils, tremors
O: cardiac arrhythmias, BP issues, resp. depression, chest pain, seizures, psychosis, dyskinesias, dystopias, coma

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4
Q

Cannabis

A

E: euphoria, dysphoria, relaxation, drowsiness, heightened perception of color and sound, poor corrdination
O: increased HR, reddened eyes, dysphoria, lability, disorientation

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5
Q

LSD, MDMA

A

E: euphoria, altered body image, distorted visual/auditory perceptions, bizarre behavior, confusion, incoordination, SNS and PNS stimulation
O: paranoia, idea of reference, fear losing mind, depersonalization, derealization

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6
Q

PCP

A

E: feeling superhuman, decreased awareness of environment, ataxia, dysarthria, decreased pain perception
O: hallucinations, paranoia, psychosis, aggression, adrenergic crisis,

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7
Q

Opioids: heroin, cocaine

A

E: euphoria, sedation, reduced libido, analgesia
O: resp. depression, stupor, coma

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8
Q

Sedatives, hypnotics

A

E: euphoria, sedation, reduced libido, emotional lability, impaired judgement
O: resp. depression, cardiac arrest

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9
Q

Inhalants

A

E: euphoria, giddiness, excitation
O: CNS depression, ataxia, nystagmus, dysarthria, coma, convulsions

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10
Q

Nicotine

A

E: stimulation, enhanced performance and alertness, appetite suppression
O: anxiety

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11
Q

Caffeine

A

E: stimulation, increased mental acuity, inexhaustibility
O: restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, flushing, diuresis, GI distress, muscle twitching, rambling flow of thought and speech, tachycardia or arrhythmia, agitation

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12
Q

Interventions for addiction

A

therapeutic relationship
brief interventions: negotiated conversation btw the prof. and pt designed to reduce eliminate EtOh
cognitive and CBI: change way a pt thinks
Enhance coping skills
Group interventions and early recovery

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13
Q

Positive Symptoms

A

An excess of normal function. Something is there that should not be there

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14
Q

Negative Symptoms

A

Something is absent. Ex. flat affect, etc.

-diminished emotional expression, logia, abolition, anhedonia

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15
Q

Clinical course of schizophrenia

A

Prodromal: childhood
Acute Illness: hospitalization, completely out of whack
Stabilization: beginning process of meds regiments
Recovery: feeling gucci
Relapses: the more that happen the worse they are likely to get

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16
Q

Schizophrenia

A

psychotic symptoms that last at least 6mo, decline in functioning

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17
Q

schizoaffective disorder

A

mood-related symptoms and symptoms of schizophrenia occur simultaneously

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18
Q

Delusional disorder

A

delusions only, no other S/S

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19
Q

Brief psychotic disorder

A

symptoms similar to schizophrenia, only last 1mo

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20
Q

Schizophreniform disorder

A

same S/S schizophrenia, less then 6mo and absence in decline of functioning

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21
Q

Substance induced psychotic disorder

A

caused by medication

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22
Q

schizotypal personality disorder

A

pervasive pattern of deficits including social and interpersonal, cognitive or perceptual distortion, and eccentrics

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23
Q

Psychosis

A

a state in which a person experiences hallucination, delusion, disorganized thoughts, speech, or behavior.

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24
Q

Command hallucination

A

Auditory hallucination, instructing the person to act a certain way

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25
Q

Hallucination:

A

involve the five senses

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26
Q

Delusions

A

fixed, erroneous, false beliefs that cannot be changed by reasonable argument

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27
Q

Parkinsonism

A

ACUTE

identical in appearance to Parkinson disease, caused by antipsychotic drugs. Managed by reducing the dose

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28
Q

Dystonic Reaction

A

ACUTE
muscle tense, body contorts, oculogy-ric crisis: muscle that control eye movement tense and pull the eyeball, torticollis: neck muscles spasm, retrocollis: head pulled back
-Diphenhydramine
-Decrease antipsychotic

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29
Q

Akathisia

A

ACUTE
pt is restless, driven to keep moving, extremely uncomfortable
-Propranol(adrenergic blocker)
-reduce dose

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30
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

PERSISTANT
abnormal dyskinetic movements of the face, mouth, and jaw; choreoathetoid movements of the legs, arms, and trunks
valbenazine
reduce dose

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31
Q

Tardive dystonia

A

PERSISTANT

sustained abnormal postures of the body

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32
Q

Tardive akathisia

A

PERSISTANT

unabating sense of subjective and objective restlessness

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33
Q

Echolalia

A

repetition of another’s words, parrotlike

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34
Q

Circumstantiality

A

extremely lengthy and detailed discourse about a topic

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35
Q

Loose associations

A

absence of the normal connectedness of thoughts, ideas, and topics: sudden shifts without apparent relationship to preceding topics

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36
Q

Tangentiality

A

the topic of conversation is changed to an extremely different topic that is a logical progression but causes a permanent detour

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37
Q

Flight of ideas

A

the topic of conversation changes repeatedly and rapidly, generally after just one sentence of phrase

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38
Q

word salad

A

stringing together words that are not connected in any way

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39
Q

Neologisms

A

words that are made up that have no common meaning and are not recognizable

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40
Q

Paranoia

A

suspiciousness and guardedness that are unrealistic

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41
Q

Referential thinking

A

i. Referential thinking: a belief that neutral stimuli have special meaning to the individual

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42
Q

Autistic thinking

A

j. Autistic thinking: restricts thinking to the literal and immediate to that the individual has private rules of logic and reasoning that make no sense to anyone else

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43
Q

Concrete thinking

A

lack of abstract thinking

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44
Q

verbigeration

A

l. Verbigeration: purposeless repetition of words or phrases

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45
Q

metonymic speech

A

use of words with similar meanings interchangeably

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46
Q

Clang association

A

n. Clang association: repletion of words or phrase that are similar in sounds but in no other way

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47
Q

Stilted speech

A

o. Stilted speech: overly and inappropriately artificial formal language

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48
Q

Pressured speech

A

p. Pressured speech: speaking as if the words are being forced out

49
Q

Aggression

A

behaviors or attitudes that reflect rage, hostility, and the potential for physical or verbal destructiveness

50
Q

Agitation

A

inability to sit still or attend to others, accompanied by heightened emotions or tension

51
Q

Catatonia

A

psychomotor disturbances such as stupor, mutism, posturing, or repetitive behavior

52
Q

Catatonic excitement

A

hyperactivity characterized by purposeless activity and abnormal movements, such as grimacing and posturing

53
Q

Echopraxis

A

involuntary imitation of another person’s movements and gestures

54
Q

Regressed behavior

A

behaving in a manner of a less mature life stage; childlike and immature behavior

55
Q

Hyper-vigilance

A

sustained attention to external stimuli as if expecting something important of frightening to happen

56
Q

Anticholinergic Crisis

A

S/S: hot as a hare, blind as a bat, mad as a matter, and dry as a bone.
Antidote: physostigmine

57
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome

A

S/S mental status change, muscle rigidity, high temp, HR, BP, RR, diaphoreses, tremor, leukocytosis, metabolic acidosis
Treat: dopamine, benzos

58
Q

Mood

A

pervasive and sustained emotion that influences ones perception of the world and how one functions

59
Q

Affect

A

outward emotional expression

60
Q

Blunted

A

significantly reduced intensity of emotional expression

61
Q

Bright

A

smiling, projection of a positive attitude

62
Q

Flat

A

absent or nearly absent affective expression

63
Q

Inappropriate

A

discordant affective expression accompanying the content of speech and ideation

64
Q

Labile

A

varied, rapid, and abrupt shifts in affective expression

65
Q

Restricted

A

mildly reduced in the range and intensity of emotional expression

66
Q

Major Depressive disorder criteria

A

i. Major depressive disorder: episodes of depressed mood that impact functioning
1. EITHER
a. Depressed mood
b. Loss of interest of pleasure in all activities
2. 4 out of 7
a. Disruption in sleep
b. Appetite
c. Concentration
d. Energy
e. Psychomotor agitation or retardation
f. Excessive guild or feeling of worthlessness
g. Suicidal ideation

67
Q

Persistant Depressive Disorder

A

mood disturbance that lasts more that 2 years with a depressed mood daily

68
Q

Dysthymia

A

persistant depressive disorder

69
Q

Depression biologic theories

A

i. Genetic
ii. Neurobiological: deficiency or dysregulation in CNS concentration of neurotransmitter norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin
iii. Neuroendocrine and Neuropeptide: endocrine alterations
iv. Psychoneuroimmunology: increased cytokines

70
Q

Psychological Theories

A

i. Psychodynamic: Freud
ii. Behavioral: reduction in rewarding activities
iii. Cognitive factors: maintain irrational beliefs about self
iv. Developmental factors: lack developmental milestones

71
Q

SOcial theories

A

family and environmental factors

72
Q

Priority care issues are_____.

A

safety

73
Q

Serotonin Syndrome

A

a. Cause: Excessive intrasynaptic serotonin caused by combining medications that increase serotonin levels
b. S/S: mental status changes, agitation, ataxia, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, fever, shivering, diaphoresis, diarrhea
c. Treatment: Treat with propranolol and lorazepam. Determine offending substance. Fluids, antipyretics, cooling blankets, and monitor VS.

74
Q

Nurse Interventions for Depression

A

a. Biologic
i. Nutrition, Sleep, Deep breathing, Exercise, Wellness activities, medications, phototherapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, ECT
1. Drug Therapy
a. Fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, nefazodone, SSRI
b. Psychosocial
i. Cognitive interventions, behavioral interventions, group interventions, psychoeducation, milieu therapy, safety, family interventions, support groups

75
Q

Mood lability

A

rapid shifts in moods that occur with bipolar disorder

76
Q

Mania

A

a. Elevated, expansive, or irritable mood. May express grandiosity. Range from unusual self-confidence to grandiose delusions. Pressured speech. Flight of ideas and more talkative. Less need for sleep and energy increased.

77
Q

Bipolar 1

A

i. Manic episodes that may be followed by or preceded by a depressive or hypomanic state
1. Mood lability, elevated mood, euphoria, expansive mood, irritable mood, easily annoyed

78
Q

Bipolar 2

A

i. Lifetime experience of at least 1 episode of major depressive disorder and one hypomanic disorder

79
Q

Medications used to treat bipolar disorder

A

a. Lithium carbonate
b. Divalproex sodium(Depakote)
c. Carbamazepine
d. Lamotrigine

80
Q

Biologic theories Bipolar disorder

A

a. Biologic
i. Chronobiologic: sleep disturbances
ii. Genetic factors
iii. Chronic stress, inflammation, and kindling:

81
Q

Psychological and social theories bipolar disorder

A

i. Behavioral approach system dysregulation: overly sensitive and react to relevant cues when approaching a reward
ii. Social rhythm disruption theory: social rhythms and cues

82
Q

S/S Bipolar disorder

A

a. Mood lability, euphoria, self-harm, grandiosity, unable to focus, psychosis, deteriorated self-care

83
Q

Priority issues of care bipolar disorder

A

i. Safety: may be in depressive episode and want to kill self or have delusions

84
Q

Interventions for bipolar disorder

A

a. Establishing recovery and wellness goals: goals for the longterm
b. Self-care: rest, hydration, nutrition, limit stimulo
c. Wellness challenges: may prevent or delay symptoms. Treat to deal with stressful life events

85
Q

Normal Anxiety

A

a. Normal: uncomfortable feeling of apprenhension or dread that occurs in response to internal or external stimuli; it can result in physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms
i. Physiologic arousal: fight/flight
ii. Cognitive processes: decipher the situation and decide whether threat should be approached or avoided
iii. Coping strategies: used to resolve the threat

86
Q

Abnormal Anxiety

A

inappropriate proportion to situation

87
Q

Acrophobia

A

height

88
Q

Agoraphobia

A

spaces

89
Q

Ailurophobia

A

cats

90
Q

Algophobia

A

pain

91
Q

Arachnophobia

A

spiders

92
Q

Brontophobia

A

thunder

93
Q

claustrophobia

A

confined spaces

94
Q

Cynophobia

A

dogs

95
Q

Entomophobia

A

insects

96
Q

hematophobia

A

blood

97
Q

microphobia

A

germs

98
Q

nyctophobia

A

night

99
Q

ophidiophobia

A

snakes

100
Q

photophobia

A

light

101
Q

phonophobia

A

sounds

102
Q

pyrophobia

A

fire

103
Q

topophobia

A

place

104
Q

xenophobia

A

strangers

105
Q

zoophobia

A

animals

106
Q

Panic disorder

A

a. Extreme, overwhelming form of anxiety often experienced when the individual is placed in a real or perceived life-threatening situation
b. Interferes with ability to function in everyday life

107
Q

Treatment panic disorder

A

c. Panic control treatment: intentional exposure to panic-invoking sensations
d. Systematic desensitization: exposes patient to a hierarchy of feared situation the the patient fears
e. Implosive therapy: present anxiety provoking imagery to pt. panic disorder and agoraphobia
f. Flooding: desensitize pt to the fear associated with a particular anxiety-provoking stimulus.
g. Exposure therapy: repeatedly exposed to phobia
h. CBT
i. Integration with primary care
j. Breathing control

108
Q

Medications anxiety

A

a. Fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, venlafaxine, clonazepam, alprazolam

109
Q

Obsessions

A

excessive, unwanted, intrusive, and persistant thoughts, impulses, or images that cause anxiety and distress

110
Q

Compulsions

A

repetitive behavior performed in a ritualistic fashion with the goal of preventing or relieving anxiety and distress caused by obsessions

111
Q

Criteria for OCD

A

a. When obsessions/compulssions take up more then 1h qd or cause considerable stress to the individual. Not caused by meds.

112
Q

OCD nursing interventions

A

a. ECT, psychosurgery, integration with primary care
b. Maintain skin integrity
c. Exposure and response prevention, thought stopping, relaxation techniques, cognitive restructuring, cue cards, psychoeducation

113
Q

Medications for OCD

A

a. Sertraline: child 25mgqD, Adult 50mg-200mg
b. Fluvoxamine: Child 25-200mgqD, Adult 50-30mgqD
c. Fluoxetine: 20-60mg
d. Clomipramine: child 25mg/d, adult 25-250mg/d

114
Q

Trichotillomania

A

hair pulling

115
Q

Excoriation

A

compulsive skin picking

116
Q

Hoarding

A

can’t part with possessions

117
Q

PTSD S/S

A

a. Intrusion: involuntatry appearance of though, memories, or dreams of traumatic events
b. Dissociative symptoms: disruptions in the normally occurring linkages among subjective awareness and feelings
c. Explosive moods
d. Hypersarrousal: hypervigilant for danger

118
Q

Priority of care: PTSD

A

safety measures and suicide risk

119
Q

What is CBT

A

correct thoughts through interventions, including cognitive restructuring, breathing training, and psychoeducation

Biopsych (2 decks)

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