Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Food plants
A
Fruits and vegetables
2
Q
Fruit
A
Mature ovary
3
Q
Vegetables
A
Edible root,stem or leaf
4
Q
Grasses
A
Feed the majority of the world human population
5
Q
Direct drugs
A
Obtained by consuming some part of the actual plant
6
Q
Indirect drugs
A
Are synthetic copies of natural plant chemicals
7
Q
Textile plants
A
Have fibers or sap useful for textile products
8
Q
Functions of a flower
A
Produce gametes (pollen and eggs) Accomplish fertilization (put gametes together)
9
Q
Why is a flower brightly colored and fragrant in smell?
A
To attract an animal that will bring pollen from one flower to the eggs of another flower
10
Q
Whorls
Flower anatomy
A
Composed of 4 parts
11
Q
Calyx
A
Sepals and function
12
Q
Sepals
Calyx
A
Green leaf-like structures at flower base
13
Q
Calyx function
A
Form bud to protect flower while it develops
14
Q
Corolla
A
Latin for colorful and showy
15
Q
Corals
Petals
A
Colored, marked,scented,sugar producing
16
Q
Corolla
Function
A
Attract animal attention
17
Q
Androecium
A
Male reproductive part
18
Q
Stamens
A
Specific male structure
19
Q
Anther
A
Produces pollen
20
Q
Pollen
A
Flying sperm cell
21
Q
Filament
A
Stalk that elevates the anther so insects can contact the pollen
22
Q
Gynoecium
A
Female reproductive part
23
Q
Pistil/carpel
A
Actual female structure
24
Q
Stigma
A
Entrance to the female reproductive system
25
Style
Long connector stigma and ovary
26
Ovary
Egg producing structure
27
Ovules
Eggs
28
Perfect flower
Both male and female reproductive systems
29
Imperfect
Male or female flower, but not both systems
30
Inflorescence types
Arrangement of flowers on stem
31
Pollination
Act of getting pollen from a stamen to a stigma
32
Self pollination
Pollen from one flower fertilizes the eggs of the same flower
33
Cross pollination
Pollen from one flower fertilizes eggs from a different flower
34
Where does a fruit come from?
A flower
35
Purpose of a fruit?
Aid in seed dispersal
36
Fruit type : fleshy
Seeds mature while fruit is succulent
37
Fruit type: dry
Seeds mature after fruit dehydrates and as a number of ovaries that form the fruit
38
Fruit type : simple
Fruit formed from one ovary
39
Fruit type: compound
Fruit formed from several ovaries
40
Fleshy simple fruit types
Berry, drupe, pome, pepo, hesperidium
41
Fleshy compound fruit types
Aggregate, and multiple
42
Dehiscent
Splits open when mature to allow seeds to disperse
43
Dry simple fruits
Follicle, legume, and capsule
44
Indehiscent
Do not split open
45
Nut
Hard, semi-woody shell
46
Achene
Thin, flat fruit
| Ex. Sunflower
47
Samara
An achene with a wing
| Ex. Maple, sycamore
48
Grain or caryopsis
Fruits of the grass family
| Ex. Corn, rice, wheat, and rye
49
Dry drupe
Single large seed surrounded by dry flesh
| Ex. Coconut
50
Wood classification
| Herbaceous
Soft and fleshy
51
Wood classification
| Woody
Hard and rigid
52
Primary xylem
Only herbaceous
53
Secondary xylem
Wood
54
Ligin and tannin
Waste products (very durable)
55
Ligin
Dense, bitter, dark
56
Tannin
Acid
57
Vascular cambium
Special place that makes wood ( continuous mitosis)
58
Primary growth
Growth and height
59
Secondary growth
Horizontal growth (growth in diameter) never stop growing
60
Wood types
| Hardwoods
Woody plant that is a flowering plant (oak,hickory, maple)
61
Wood types
| Softwoods
Gymnosperms or conifer
62
Annular Growth rings
Amount of wood produced in one year
63
Spring wood
Think layer light color
64
Summer wood
Thin layer dark in color
65
Ring porous
Woody plant with distinct growth rings
66
Diffuse porous
Woody plant with no growth rings
67
Wood types
| Heartwood
Middle of the wood (no longer moves water)
68
Wood types
| Sap wood
Outer part of the wood light in color (younger)
69
Angiosperms
Covered seed plants
| Phylum: Anthophyta
70
Angiosperms sig. characteristics
```
Largest plant group (235,000)
Reproduce sexually via flowers
-flower: depend on animals to bring pollen
House seeds in fruits
-fruit: forms from a fruit
```
71
Coevolution
Occurs when two or more species reciprocally affect each other’s evolution through the process of natural selection
72
Monoecious
Having both the male and female reproductive organs in the same hermaphrodite
73
Dioecious
Having the male and female reproductive organs in separate individuals
74
Classes of flowering plants
| Monocotyledonae (monocots)
```
One cotyledon in seed
Long narrow leaves
Parallel leaf veination
Flower parts in groups of 3
Vascular bundles scattered
Fibrous root system
```
75
Classes of flowering plant
| Dicotyledonae (dicots)
```
Two dicotyledons in seed
Broad leaves
Netted or brunched veination
Flower parts in groups of 4 or 5
Taproot system
Vascular bundles in a ring
```
76
Common orders of monocots
Liliidae- lilies,irises,orchids,onions and garlic
Arecidae- palms, palmettos
Commenlinidae-grasses
77
Common orders of dicots
```
Rosidae- roses,apples, plums
Asteridae- sunflowers,dandelions, daisies
Dilleniidae-melons,squash,cucumbers
Hamamelidae- oak,hickory,walnut
Magnollidae- magnolia, poplar, sassafras
Caryophyliidae-cacti
```
78
Gymnosperms
Naked seed plants
79
Vascular tissue
| Xylem
Transports and stores water
80
Vascular tissue
| Phloem
Transports sugars, proteins, and other organic molecules
81
Seed
A flowering plants unit of reproduction,capable of developing into another such plant
82
Seed embryo
Contains the earliest forms of a plant’s roots,stem and leaves
83
Seed cotyledon
A significant part of the embryo within the seed of the plant
84
Seed coat
Protective outer coat of a seed
85
Cone
Also called strobilus, in botany, mass of scales or bracts,usually ovate in shape, containing the reproductive organs of certain non flowering plants
86
Ovulate cone
The Female cone contains ovules which, when fertilized by pollen, become seeds.
87
Staminate cone
Male pine cones that are very small on size, ranging from 1 to 2 cm in diameter,and are produced on the same tree as a ovulate cone
