exam 2

Question 1

domestic violence

Answer 1

consistent and intentional pattern of behavior that increases over time

Question 2

power

Answer 2

legitimate access to or control of systems and institutions sanctioned by the state

Question 3

control

Answer 3

persistent tension and dominance of one’s needs over another

Question 4

my sisters place

Answer 4

organization which strives to end domestic violence and human trafficking through comprehensive services, advocacy, and community education

Question 5

guiding principles of MSP

Answer 5

create a world where everyone can be free from gender based violence and engage in relationships that embrace the principles of respect equality and safety

Question 6

capitalism

Answer 6

economic system characterizedby the private ownership of the means of production, personal profit, and competition

Question 7

Socialism

Answer 7

economic system by which the means of production is publicly owned by the people for their collective benefits

Question 8

NAFTA

Answer 8

North American Fair Trade Agreement passed in 1994 to increase national trade/trading of goods over national borders

Question 9

Capital Flight

Answer 9

investment overseas, plant relocation, and mergers

Question 10

Structural Transformation

Answer 10

fundamental change in the economy resulting from several powerful contemporary forces; technological breakthroughs in microelectrics, the globalization o the economy, capital flight, and the shift from a manufacturing economy to one based n information and services

Question 11

Effects of Structural Transformation

Answer 11

businesses are more successful but need less workers, americans are working more hours but machines are replacing more of their jobs, and factory production is increasing but factory employment is decreasing

Question 12

Contingent work

Answer 12

employment arrangement whereby employees work as temporaries or independent contractors freeing employers from paying fringe benefits

Question 13

Sunrise industry

Answer 13

new and growing industry especially in electronics or telecommunications

Question 14

Sunset industy

Answer 14

old declining industry

Question 15

Great Recession

Answer 15

from about 2007 to 2009/2010 when debt began to increase do to easy credit an a high percentage of sublime loans. Tax revenues decreased due to a serious budget shortfall which gave employers a reason to reduce or eliminate worker benefits and caused the american dream to be more of a dream than a reality

Question 16

Poverty

Answer 16

standard of living below the minimum needed for the maintenance of adequate diet health and shelter

Question 17

Globalization

Answer 17

the process by which people are increasingly interconnected economically, politically, culturally, ad environmentally

Question 18

Global Trade

Answer 18

Flow of goods across borders and the integration of peoples and nations

Question 19

Subprime Loans

Answer 19

loans given to those with questionable credit records

Question 20

Unemployment Rates

Answer 20

3.5% unemployment as of sep 2018 not including youth unemployment or discouraged workers

Question 21

Underemployment

Answer 21

part time or fewer hours than desired

Question 22

Discouraged Workers

Answer 22

People who have not actively sought work in four week

Question 23

Scientific Management

Answer 23

efforts to increase efficiency by breaking down work into specialized tasks, the standardization of tools and procedures, and the speeding up of repetitive work

Question 24

Control of workers

Answer 24

processes to maintain safe and successful factory work, scientific management, through bureaucracy, and by monitoring worker behavior

Question 25

Alienation

Answer 25

Separation of people from themselves, others, and products they create

Question 26

Dangerous working conditions

Answer 26

typically in sweatshops or low wage facilities where the area is overcrowded with workers, underpaid, long shifts, and dirty or lack of bathrooms

Question 27

Sweatshops

Answer 27

substandard working environment where labor laws are violated

Question 28

Unions

Answer 28

workers join together to form union to cover them and provide job security and higher wages

Question 29

Unionized rates

Answer 29

women in a union earn 33% more than those ununionized

Question 30

Purpose of unions

Answer 30

workers join together to increase wages, add benefits, provide worker security, and promote safety in the workplace

Question 31

Shift work

Answer 31

work compromising recurring periods in which different groups of workers do the same jobs in rotation allows for less full time workers giving little to no benefits

Question 32

Discrimination in the workplace

Answer 32

women and minorities in the hiring process, seniority rights, restricted job placement, limited opportunities for advancement, and lower pay for equal amount of work

Question 33

Insecurities related to jobb

Answer 33

U.S. corporations have been reducing their benefits to workers and some large companies will negotiate with unions to set up a two tiered system separating old workers and new hires

Question 34

Poverty

Answer 34

standard of living below the minimum needed for the maintenance of adequate diet health and shelter

Question 35

Poverty Threshold

Answer 35

calculated based on minimal amount required for substance calculated by multiplying the cost of basic nutritional diet by 3 which does not account for cost of living, housing, or medical costs

Question 36

current poverty rate

Answer 36

11.8% U.S. white 8% black 20% hispanic 16%

Question 37

Wealth Gap

Answer 37

racial wealth gap is the sum of important assets a family owns and includes home ownership, pension funds, savings accounts, and investments

Question 38

Gender and poverty

Answer 38

women commonly in lower paying jobs with fewer benefits which leads to a lifetime of lower earnings is reflected in the different poverty rates after age 65

Question 39

Education and poverty

Answer 39

those who can not pay for college lead to lifetime of lower earnings and low-mobility jobs

Question 40

Race and poverty

Answer 40

racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to be concentrated in high poverty areas in the city and much more likely to be among the poorest of the poor

Question 41

Causes of poverty

Answer 41

joblessness/low wage jobs changing economy housing costs/evictions medical costs

Question 42

Effects of poverty

Answer 42

women and minorities and cause a boomerang generation

Question 43

Severely Poor

Answer 43

People's whose cash incomes are half the poverty line or less

Question 44

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act PRWORA

Answer 44

1996 act that reformed the welfare system welfare recipients find work within 2 years, limited welfare five years and cut federal assistance programs targeted towards poor by $54.5 billion over 6 years

Question 45

Regressive tax

Answer 45

tax rates that remain the same for all people rich and poor which results in the poor giving higher proportion of their wealth than the rich

Question 46

Meritocracy

Answer 46

social classification based on ability

Question 47

Deficiency theories of poverty

Answer 47

innate and cultural inferiority

Question 48

Innate (Social Darwinism)

Answer 48

the belief that the place of people in the social stratification system is a function of their ability and effort

Question 49

Cultural inferiority

Answer 49

the view that the poor are qualitatively different in values and lifestyles from the rest of society and that these cultural differences explain continues poverty

Question 50

structural theories of poverty

Answer 50

institutional discrimination and political economy of society

Question 51

institutional discrimination

Answer 51

when discrimination has been incorporated into the structures, processes and procedures of an organization or social institution

Question 52

Political economy of society

Answer 52

who gets what determines by private profit rather than collective need

Question 53

Solutions for poverty

Answer 53

identify what is keeping people in a condition of poverty | will not be solved by volunteers or organizations or the rich giving money

Question 54

Rape

Answer 54

sexual activity or intercourse carried out forcibly or under threat non consensually

Question 55

Rape culture

Answer 55

set of cultural practices which allow sexual violence to happen and excuse it when it does consent

Question 56

Consent

Answer 56

permission for something to happen

Question 57

Affirmative consent

Answer 57

explicit informed, and voluntary agreement to participate in a sexual act

Question 58

Pay gap

Answer 58

``` women 80 asian 85 white 77 black 61 native american 58 hispanic 53 ```

Question 59

Intersectionality

Answer 59

interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race gender and class as they apply to a given individual or group regarded as creating overlapping and independent systems of discrimination or disadvantage

Question 60

Cultural scripts

Answer 60

cultural notions of appropriate sexual behaviors and sexual encounters

Question 61

Sexual Harassment

Answer 61

behavior characterized by unwelcome and inappropriate sexual remarks or physical advances in a workplace or other professional or social situation

Question 62

Title IX

Answer 62

1972 all schools with federal funding required to provide equal and free access to education

Question 63

Feminism

Answer 63

social movement aimed at achieving gender equality

Question 64

Sexism

Answer 64

prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically agains women on a basis of sex

Question 65

Male Dominance

Answer 65

Beliefs meanings, and placement that value men over women and institutionalize male control of socially valued resources

Question 66

Women in congress

Answer 66

23.7% women 32.4% in NY

Question 67

Patriarchy

Answer 67

social systems and forms of social organization in which men are dominant over women

Question 68

Glass Ceiling

Answer 68

invisible barrier that limits women'd upward occupational mobility

Question 69

Pay inequality

Answer 69

pay gap between men and women

Question 70

occupational distribution

Answer 70

different fields different rates

Question 71

job segregation

Answer 71

different promotion rates