Exam 2 Flashcards
Strong force (atomic structure)
Holds nucleus together
Electromagnetic force (atomic structure)
Keeps electrons attached to nucleus, different electric charges attract them (+-)
Covalent bond
When electrons are shared equally
Ionic bonds
Electron stealing
Hydrogen bond
Occurs when you have an H with a partially positive charge w a partially negative charge O, N, F
5 unique properties of water
- Cohesion and
- Adhesion
- Solubility
- Low density
- high specific heat
Cohesion
The clinging of substance to itself bc of hydrogen bonds
Adhesion
The clinging of one substance to another bc of hydrogen bonds
Solubility
It’s a solvent due to its polarity
Low density
Becomes less dense as it’s solid
High specific heat
Heat captivity is the amount of heat needed to increase temp so water has high specific heat…water absorbs lots of heat w out increasing temp
What does a water molecule look like
Mickey Mouse. Two Hydrogens on Oxygen
How is water a di polar molecule
Bc it’s 2 sided (one negative and one positive)
Hydrogen bond
It’s a weak bond between partially negative and positive. Kind of like a magnet
How does solar radiation vary in ocean w latitude
Ocean reflects more radiation at Lower altitudes than at high altitudes
Albedo
The percentage of incident radiation THAYS reflected back to space
EX ICE CAPS
Composition of atmosphere
Nitrogen, Oxygen and Greenhouse gasses
How does air move
Air moves from high pressure to low pressure.
Strong motherly winds in the Northern and strong in southern
Coriolanus effect differ in northern and southern
Northern: object will follow a path to the right of its intended direction
Southern: an object will follow a path to the left of its intended direction
Coriolis effect
Coriolanus effect causes moving objects on earth to follow curved paths
How does velocity change w altitude
Spinning velocity is greater at the equator and more stable at the poles
Weather of High air pressure
Nice weather
Weather of Low Air Pressure
Warm and moist and brings out stormy weather w strong winds
How does water vapor contribute to air pressure
Water vapor decreases the density of air and it creates low air pressure
Air pressure w latitude
Poles experience high air pressure and equator experiences low air pressures
Sea breeze
Occurs during the day when air warmed by the land rises and is replaced by cool air from the ocean
Land breeze
Happens during the night when the land has cooled cause dense air to sing and flow toward warm ocean
Climate vs Weather
Climate is the weather condition over a long period of time and weather is the short term variation in the atmosphere
Surface currents
Transfer heat from warmer to cooler
Deep ocean currents
Provide oxygen to deep sea
Ocean gyres
A large circular loop of moving water
Which current in subtropical gyres flow fastest
The Gulf Stream bc of the large wind over the North Atlantic
Ekman spiral
It describes the speed and direction of seawater flow at diff depths
Ekman transport
The movement of seawater due to wind
Western intensification
When the top of the hill of water is displaced towards west due to earth rotation
How do current temp influence climate
Warm currents warm the air and causes humid
Cool ocean currents causes dry climate
Upwelling
Deep seawater rises to replace diverging surface water EX EKMAN TRANSPORT
Downwelling
Surface water goes to the bottom (it carries oxygen down )
Normal pressure conditions over equatorial pacific (el Nino)
ASIA-Slow pressure
South America- high pressure
Wind blows from east to west
