Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
- Plant identification can be learned by:
a. experience
b. going to garden centers or nurseries
c. reading books on plant identification
d. visiting an arboretum
e. a, b, c, & d
A
e
2
Q
- A property map is helpful for:
a. plant location & identification
b. location of problem
c. communication
d. a stop point for the truck
e. all apply
A
e
3
Q
- Plant mateiial in an arboretum may not be representative of what is found in a landscape. (a.) True (b.) False
A
a
4
Q
- Three important things that should be noted about plants on a property include:
a. planting depth, ID of plants and size
c. size, pests found, color
b. ID of plants, size, & pests found
d. none apply
A
b
5
Q
- It is also advisable to note other things on a property such as fences, ponds, gates, bird feeders, toys, and pets. (a.) True (b.) False
A
a
6
Q
- The pest code for a beetle on a property map is:
a. (Bt)
b. (Be)
c. (B)
d. (Bl)
A
c
7
Q
- The plant code for a crabapple is:
a. A
b. CA
C. C
d. (A)
A
b
8
Q
- The symbol J in an oval would indicate that you have:
a. juniper plants
b. a juniper bed
c. a planting of jasmine
d. none of these
A
b
9
Q
- Under measurement of a property by only 5 dollars per application for 200 customers with 4 paying applications per season would result in a revenue loss of:
a. $1,000 b. $4,000 c. $5,000 d. $800
A
b
10
Q
- The symbol quadrat indicates that the plant is:
a. to be skipped and not treated
b. dead
c. removed
d. none apply
A
d
11
Q
- Minimizing pest damage to landscape is still best done by:
a. insect and disease control
b. maintaining healthy plants
c incorporating good cultural practices
d. all are important
e. b&c
A
d
12
Q
Obtaining a good pest out line of a market is best done by:
a. checking with local horticultural busine sses
b. discussion with local extension agents
c. you really need to work your way through for a season
d. all are important
A
d
13
Q
- Program visits could exceed 8 visits to the property. (a.) True (b.) False
A
a
14
Q
- Weed control materials should not be on a tree and shrub truck because:
a. timing is not correct
c. liability is a major factor
b. can’t do both at same stop d. a, b, & c
A
c
15
Q
- A healthy plant can withstand up to what percent defoliation before it starts to impact on energy reserves?
a. 10%
b. 30%
C. 50%
d. 15%
A
b
16
Q
- The visual impact of insect activity becomes noticeable at what percentage of leaf damage ?
a. 5-10%
b. 30%
c. 10-15%
d. 5 %
A
c
17
Q
- As a Plant Health Care technician in a new market area, you should be very observant of plant and their problems. (a.) True (b.) False
A
a
18
Q
- The best time to apply a pesticide is:
a. when the problem is fully evident
b. after the damage, to protect new growth
c. early in a pest’s life cycle or just before it develops
d. all apply
A
c
19
Q
19 A common problem on a young landscape is often related to transplant shock. (a.) True (b.) False
A
a
20
Q
- Plant competition may be a problem in old landscapes.
(a. ) True (b.) False
A
a
21
Q
21 When selling a Plant Health Care program to a potential client, one should point out that the program will:
a. not eliminate all pest problems
b. still result in some leaf spots and insect feeding
c. result in a picture book landscape
d. a& b
A
d
22
Q
- One should be able to recognize insects by their:
a. feeding habits
b. seeing the insect
c. knowing the plant material
d. a, b, & c
A
d
23
Q
- An insect life cycle generally refer to:
a. the egg stage
d. egg stage to egg laying adult, feeding habits, reproduction, etc.
b. the adult
c. the weather
e. none apply
A
d
24
Q
- Honeydew, the excrement from aphids can favor a fungus often referred to as:
a. leaf blight
b. sooty mold
c. sticky sap
d. a, b,&c
A
b
25
25. A biological control of aphids is the:
a. Lady bug
b. lacewing
c. syrphid flies
d. a, b, & c
d
26
26. Treating a tall tree should be done by:
a. spraying
b. using a horticultural oil
c. soil or trunk injection
d. a, b, & c
c
27
27. Control of scales may be difficult because the outer body is often covered with:
a. a waxy coating
b. woolly hairs
c. wings
d. none apply
a
28
28. A heavy scale infestation on a plant may be identified by:
a. an unthrifty plant
c. visual presence of the scale
b. presence of honey dew d. a, b, & c
d
29
29. Leaf hoppers, lace bugs, and plant bugs belong to an insect group with:
a. chewing mouth parts
c. rasping mouth parts
b. sucking mouth parts
d. a, b, & c
b
30
30. Insects that inject toxins into leaf tissue can produce symptoms that almost resemble:
a. a burn
c. leaf spot
b. leaf scorch
d. all apply
d
31
31. Spider mites are not insects.
a True
b False
a
32
32. Spider mites can be a hot dry or a cool moist weather problem
(a. ) True (b.) False
a
33
33. A chewing type insect can be
a. holes in leaf tissue
b. missing leaves
c. partially consumed leaves
d. a, b, & c
d
34
34. Early season defoliators that removal the leaves from plant will usually kill the plant
a true
b false
b
35
35. Leaf feeding insects often follow a cyclic pattern because of
a. weather patterns
b. predator insects
c. parasitic fungi
d. all apply
d
36
36. Early spring feeding insects may be aesthetically unpleasing, but generally do not kill plant unlessthere are some other factors involved. (a.) True (b.) False
a
37
37. Summer feeding insects may consume, mine, skeletonize, or web together leaves.
(a. ) True (b.) False
a
38
38. Late summer feeding insects are generally not considered serious to plants in northern climates. (a.) True (b.) False
a
39
39. Clearwing moths, the adult stage of one group of borers, often resemble:
a. bees b. hornets c. wasps d. b &c
d
40
40. The larval stage of a clearwing moth has a feeding habit.
a. traight line c. random
b. cambium/phloem d. all apply
c
41
41. Control of clearwing borers is best if certain factors are considered such as:
a. site where plant s growing c. protective spray
b. plant species
d. all apply
d
42
42. A flat head borer larva can be identified by its:
a. legs
b. flattened area behind the head
c. color
d. all apply
b
43
43. An adult flat bead borer looks like a
a. moth
b. boat shaped beetle
c. longhorned beetle
d. snout beetle
b
44
44. Bark beetles generally attack weakened trees but can also be found on healthy trees. (a.) True (b.) False
a
45
45 The adult of a round head borer is often a longhorned beetle. (a.) True (b.) False
a
46
46 Gall making insects are capable of redirecting the plants energy for their own use.
(a.) True (b.) False
a
47
47 Gall making insects are a serious threat to woody plants. (a.) True (b.) False
b
48
48 Weevil larva may be found feeding on the roots as well as terminal shoots of some plants. (a.) True (b.) False
a
49
49 Controlling weevils is generally aimed at the
a. larval stage
b. egg stage
c. adult stage
d. none of these
c
50
50 An insect with a sucking mouth parts would be:
a. an aphid
b. a leaf hopper
c. a lace bug
d. a thrip
e. all but d
e
51
5 1. High aphid population can build up under favorable conditions because they produce living young
. (a.) True (b.) False
a
52
52. A natural control of an aphid population may be:
a. lady bug
b. a beating rain
c. lace wing
d. a,b&c
d
53
53. The ideal time to control most scale insects is in the crawler stage.
(a) True
(b) False
a
54
54. Spider mite damage can mimic some other insects such as leaf hoppers and lacebugs
(a. ) True (b.) False
a
55
55. A quick test to determine if spider mites are present on plant tissue is to use:
a. the paper test
c. a & b are both effective
b. a hand lens
d. sticky tape test
c
56
```
56. Spider mite population can build quickly because under ideal conditions the can go from
egg to egg laying adult in:
a. 2-3day
b. 10-15day
c. 15-60day
d. 5-10 day
```
d
57
57. A true rasping insect that may occasionally be encountered on some landscape plants is a:
a. plant bug b. thrip c. spider mite d. leaf hoppers e. all apply
b
58
58. Plants that are weak, sick or in low vigor are most likely to be attacked by:
a. aphids
b. boring insect
c. defoliating insects
d. all apply
b
59
59. The best approach to controlling most insect is to be familiar with their:
a. adult forms
b. feeding stage
c. over wintering habits
d. life cycle
d
60
60. Disease control is different from insect control because you often have to:
a. wait to see the problem c. monitor weather condition
b. do something before you see a problem
d. none apply
b
61
61. The criteria for a disease problem to become apparent is referred to as a disease triangle which considers the host, pathogen, and climatic conditions.
(a) True (b.) False
a
62
62. One must be cautious with the specific plant quality of resistance because it does not apply
to all diseases and insects.
(a.) True (b.) False
a
63
63. Pathogens or organisms are easily transported by plant material, man, wind water,
insects, etc. (a.) True (b.) False
a
64
64. Fungi are microscopic plants but do not have chlorophyll so they must obtain their food
sustenance from other tissue. (a.) True (b.) False
a
65
65 Bacteria are another group of single cell organism that attack plants but now here in the number when compared to the fungi.
(a.) True (.b ) False
a
66
Virus can only be seen with an electron microscope but can be purified to act Like a chemical compound or living material. (a.) True (b .) False
a
67
67 Phytoplasma-like organism are intermediate between bacteria and virus and can be
suppressed with a fungicide .
(a.) True (b.) False
b
68
68 Nematode are microscope eelworms that are capable of damaging roots, stems, leaves and flower of ornamental plants. (a.) True (b.) False
a
69
69 Weather forecast for a particular area can be a useful tool in disease management.
(a.) True (b.) False
a
70
70 Disease problems may correlate with certain times of the growing season.
(a.) True (b.) False
a
71
71 Fall disease problems are often associated with certain cankers and wood rotting organisms.
(a.) True (b.) False
a
72
72 Leaf spots, blotches, anthracnose, and blight could be categorized as being similar but to different degrees.
(a.) True (b.) False
a
73
73 A leaf blister is similar to a leaf spot but some of the tissue is blister-like.
(a.) True (b.) False
a
74
74. A canker can be distinguished by:
a. color difference of the tissue
d. callus growth
b. fruiting bodies
e. all apply
C. cracks in the tissue
e
75
75 Water soaked tissue means that it has a dark green to black color as if water was injected into the cells.
(a.) True (b.) False
a
76
76 Two major environmental conditions that favor bacteria and fungi are:
a. temperate and moisture c. temperature and relative humidity
b. temperature and water
d. all apply
d
77
77 Summer disease problems exists because:
a. they may be a carryover from a late Spring infection period
b. of wet summer weather
c. of poorly adjusted irrigation systems
d. some are favored by warmer weather and low rainfall
e. all apply
e
78
78. Wilting flagging or drooping leaves generally suggests that there is something wrong with the water transport system in the plant
(a. ) True (b.) False
a
79
79. A major difference between powdery mildew and downy mildew is:
a. powdery grows on the leaf surface: downy within the tissue
b. downy does best in wet weather: powdery is favored by dry weather
c. powdery is easy to recognize: downy is difficult to see
d. all apply
d
80
80. A rust disease if often recognized by reddjsh orange, redilish brown to black pustules on
leaves or stems.
(a.) True (b.) False
a
81
81. Chlorosis or chlorotic means that the plant tissue is:
a. very pale green color
c. light gree n color
b. yellowish in color
d. all may apply depending on the plant
b
82
82. Gumosis refers to the oozing of sap or gum from a plant. This is most common on:
a. oak
b. many conifers
c. Prunus
d. b & c
e. maple
d
83
83. A sooty mold found on branches and leaves suggest that:
a. a disease problem exists
b. an aphid or scale problem is present
c. residue is collecting from an industrial source
d. the plant will die
b
84
84. Mosses and lich ens are not damaging to most woody plants. (a.) True (b.) False
a
85
85. Most disease problems found on woody ornamentals are caused by fungi. (a.) True (b.) False
a
86
86. Necrosis is often used in describing diseased plant tissue. This means the tissue is:
a. black
b. brown
c. dead
d. all may apply depending on degree of injury
c
87
87. A vascular disease would suggest the problem is associated with the:
a. xylem
b. phloem
c. heartwood of a tree
d. a&b
d
88
88. A sporefrom a fungus is considered to be equivalent to a seed from a green plant. (a.) True (b.) False
a
89
89. Most disease problems in woody plants are recognized by:
a. toadstools
c . climatic conditions at time of development
b. symptoms
d. all apply
b
90
90. Although insects and diseases are highly visible and draw much attention to landscape plants they are not the greatest plant killers
(a. ) True (b.) False
a
91
91 One can often interpret foliar symptoms to be caused by soil related problem s.
(a.) True b false
a
92
```
92 A major problem with irrigation water in the landscape is?
a lack of it
b poor distribution
c too much of it
d none the above
```
b
93
```
93 in arid areas where all water is. dependent on irrigation a uniform rate can be applied based on?
a specific plant needs
b easy to use
c evapotranspiration rates
d a and c apply
```
d
94
94 Raised berm and sloping beds are an issue when applying water.
(a.) True (b.) False
a
95
95 Lightning that strikes a residential tree may be difficult to diagnose.
(a.) True (b.) False
a
96
96 Transplant failure may be due to a soil interface problem. The best way to check this out is to
a. look at the plant
c. dig into the soil around the root ball
b. check the mulch depth
d. all apply
c
97
97. A concern with many irrigation systems is:
a. the volume of water they apply
b. the uniformity of distribution
c. the rate of water applied
d. the types of heads that are used
b
98
98. A quick test to determine how far irrigation water has penetrated the soil is called a:
a. pH test
c. compatibility test
b soil test
d. screwdriver or pointed rod test
d
99
```
99 natural gas leak in the soil near plants is damaging because it:
a. forces air or oxygen out
c. is toxic to plant roots
b. effects the mychorriza
d dries the soil
```
a
100
100 Older landscapes may have as many physiological problems as young landscapes, but they may be of different types. (a.) True (b.) False
a
101
1. We should be aware of chemistry because everything that surround us involve chemical reactions.
(a. ) True (b.) False
a
102
2. When a pre-emergence herbicide is used around woody plants at the correct rate, it is considered to be non-injurious to the plants. (a.) True (b.) False
a
103
3. A contact herbicide kills the foliage and may or may not kill roots depending on the material.
(a. ) True (b.) False
a
104
4 A soil sterilant can remain in the soil for:
a. 3 - 6 month
b. 3 - 5 year
c. a&b
d. none of the above
c
105
5 Air pollution problems, other than local applied lawn care materials, may be difficult to determine the source.
(a.) True (b.) False
a
106
6 De icing salts used on highways can move to plant material located up to_ feet away.
a. 60
b. 100
c. 150
d. 200
a
107
7 A post-emergence herbicide used in lawn care programs may contact woody ornamentals by:
a. root uptake
b. spray droplet drift
c. vapor or fumes
d. actual contact
e. all apply
e
108
8 Spray burn on a plant may appear as scorch, spots, burned leaf edges, or yellowing.
(a.) True (b.) False
a
109
9 Plant damage may also be caused by some household materials such as:
a. charcoal-lighter fluid
d. dishwashing detergent
b. gasoline
e. all apply
c. swimming pool chemicals
e
110
10 Neighboring property is important in diagnosis, because it:
a. can reveal drainage patterns
d. may reveal a similar problem
b. outlines traffic patterns
e. all apply
c. identifies construction damage
e
111
11 Off color foliage on several individual leaves suggests that the problem is:
a. serious c. pest related
b. highly localized d. is not A
d
112
12. Sucker growth or a mass of shoots at the base of a relatively young transplant would suggest that
a. the main stem is dying
b. plant was not properly planted
c. mechanical injury has occurred in the basal area
d all may apply
d
113
13. Experience is a good teacher.
| (a. ) True (b.) False
a
114
14. A good diagnostician should be:
a. very observant
b. able to distinguish various shades of green
c. a tall person
d. aPh.D.
e. a & b apply
e
115
15. When an entire plant expresses the same symptom uniformly chances are the problem is located
a. in all the leaves
b. in the trunk
c. in the root area
d. b & c are more likely
d
116
16. Diagnosis is sometimes a process of elimination.
| (a. ) True (b.) False
a
117
17. Delivery methods to apply a pesticide on a property may vary depending on the pest, site and time of year.
(a. ) True (b.) False
a
118
18. Tree and shrub spray guns are designed to produce a
(a. ) or (b.) spray pattern.
(a. ) fixed (b.) variable
b
119
19. To avoid drift blowing on to you when spraying, it is best to stand at what angle to the wind?
a. 90 degrees
b. 135 degrees
c. 90 to 135 degrees
d. none apply
c
120
20. When spraying a tall tree, it is best to start at the:
a. middle and work around
b. start at the top and work down
c. start at the bottom and work up
d. it makes no difference where you start
b
121
21. A 500 micron droplet can drift a long way in a 3 mph wind.
(a. ) True (b.) False
b
122
22. Implant/injection technology depends on what system(s) in a tree?
a. atmospheric pressure
c. sap flow
b. xylem
d. all apply
d
123
23. A pump that will tolerate wettable powders and be more reliable in the long run would be:
a. a centrifugal pump
c. a roller pump
b. a piston pump
d. a vane pump
b
124
24 A one pump, one tank, and one hose reel configuration will insure that you have:
a. a dedicated system
b. no chance for cross contamination
c. a more expensive system if spraying several different materials
d. all apply
d
125
In most states spraying should not be done when wind exceeds
mph.
a. 5
b. 2
c. 8-10
d. 15
c
126
Spray drift can be a liability issue.
(a. ) True
(b. ) False
a
127
Spray droplet size can be controlled by the use of:
a. a proper spray gun
b. correct disc sizes
c. a ball valve
d. all apply
d
128
28. To insure good coverage, pray patterns should slightly overlap.
(a. ) True (b.) False
a
129
29. Wind currents around building can often carry spray droplets out of the target area by a mechanism often refened to as the:
a. drift effect b. vapor effect
c. chimney effect d. all apply
c
130
30. Tree injection technology has been practiced for many centuries but consistent and reliable results started about:
a. 1930
b. 1950
c. 1960
d. 1970
d
131
When using the implant method to apply a pesticide, one would rely on:
a. small cartridges
c. reservoirs and tubing
b. a capsule
d. a & b
d
132
33 Pesticides are often referred to as poisons, but are they any different from sugar, salt, or water?
(a.) Yes (b.) No
b
133
34 In reference to the "good old days", pesticides were used such as:
a. copper, sulfur, cube root
c. nicotine sulfate, rotenone, soap
b. Lead, arsenicals, pyrethrums
d. a, b, & c
d
134
35 LD50 of a pesticide refers to its toxicity. A compound with an oral LD50 of 500 would
be ___ toxic than one with a rating of 100?
(a.) more (b.) less
b
135
36 Spraying requires you only need to wear chemical/water proof boots and gloves and a waterproof hat to comply.
(a.) True (b.) False
b
136
```
37 A key factor in cleaning liquid containing bottles or drums is to:
a break them
b put them in a dumpster
c triple rinse
d all are important
```
c
137
38 If you have old left over solution in the tank or it smells bad, the best thing to do is:
a dump itin a recycle bin
b fill it over with some more material
c just spray it out
d check with your manager first or pesticide supplier
e all may apply
d
138
39. When working with pesticide , you should know:
a. what are the target organisms
d. what the label says
b. how toxic is the material
e. all apply
c. how long will it last on the plant
e
139
40. Filling a truck with a pesticide requires ___ safety equipment that filling with a fertilizer
a. more b. less
a
140
41. Pesticide safety equipment is generally more than fertilizer safety equipment.
a. fool proof
d. b & c
b. chemical proof
e. all apply
c. water proof
d
141
42. Hard toe waterproof boots are necessary when fertilizing.
(a. ) True (b.) False
a
142
43. Waterproof gloves and boots should be sanitized with:
a. alcohol c. tri sodium phosphate
b. Chlorox d. none of these should be used
b
143
44. First in - First out is an inventory usage motto.
| (a. ) True (b.) False
a
144
45. A pesticide program is developed based on:
a. pest problems in the area
b. susceptible plants
c. knowledge about control measures
d. a, b, & c
d
145
46. Pesticides do not have to be_applied throughout the season because:
a. pests appear at select time intervals
b. pests may be on certain plants only
c. pesticides may have a long residual
d. a, b, & c
d
146
47. The applicator must be knowledgeable about:
a. the pests
b. their life cycles
c. pesticides
d. a, b, & c
d
147
48 A pesticide program may be approached in several ways.
| (a.) True (b.) False
a
148
48 A pesticide program may be approached in several ways.
| (a.) True (b.) False
a
149
49 Plant Health Care management means we do not use any pesticides
(a.) True (b.) False
b
150
50. Some positive factors about implant/injection technology include:
a. less pesticides used c. no drift
b. safer to the environment d. a,b & c
d
151
51 Many of the newer pesticide chemistries often have:
a. long residuals and low LD5o
b. short residual. and high LD5o
c. long residual and high LD5o
d. a, b, & c
c
152
52 A foliar systemic compound can be applied to the bud and green bark of twig since it has systemic activity.
(a.) True (b.) False
b
153
53. To determine chemical needs for pest control one has to make up a calendar program.
(a. ) True (b.) False
a
154
54 Material needs for a landscape program will require information such as :
a. material and use rate
c. spray volume per acre
b. size of properties and percent treated d. all are important
d
155
55 If the average square footage of treatable plant material is 1000 square feet per property, your customer count per acre will be:
a. 27.2 b. 39.6 c. 43.6 d. 33.4
c
156
56. Average gallonage used per property will vary considerably depending on the time of year and plant material to be treated. (a.) True (b.) False
a
157
57 Fertilizers are applied at so many pound of nutrients per 1,000 quare feet. If you were to apply I pound of urea nitrogen per 1,000 s q. ft. at 60 cents per pound, your cost per acre
would be:
a. $26.10
b. $25.80
c. $26.14
d. none of these answers
c
158
A horticultural oil that can be used all season long would be a:
a. dormant oil c. spray oil
b. ultra refined oil
d. a, b, & c
b
159
59. Trunk injectable/ implant material s include:
a. Orthene c. lmidacloprid
b. Bidrin d. Abamectin
e. a, b, c, & d
e
160
60. Bacillus thuringiensis is considered to be one of the biological control materials.
(a. ) True (b.) False
a
161
```
61 Many newer pesticides for insect and disease control now available :
a have longer half life
b are less toxic
c are systemic
d have specific modes of action
e all apply
```
e
162
62 In a plant Health care program one should strive to minimize pesticide usage by:
a using lower pesticide rates
b treating less frequently
c monitoring pest activity and treat as needed
d using biologic control
c
163
```
63 Measuring properties and plant material can be accomplished in various ways but the simplest one is to:
a square footage
b volume of the plant
c average lot size
d any of the above
```
a
164
64 one acre has ____ square foot
| d 43,560 sf
d
165
65 Plant Health care program will vary throughout the country and must be adjusted for plant material, pests, climate, and customer needs
a True
b False
a
166
```
66 Some materials can be sprayed on to the foliage or injected into the soil such as :
a Talstar
b Merit
c Tempo
d Diazinon
```
not a
